CSF1R Protein, Cynomolgus (HEK293, Fc)

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a type I transmembrane protein receptor and tyrosine kinase involved in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34) are extracellular ligands of CSF1R. This endogenous cytokine activates the extracellular domain of CSF1R and triggers intracellular tyrosine kinases. Autophosphorylation of the domain subsequently activates multiple downstream pro-survival kinase cascades, including PI3K, ERK1/2, and JNK. The intracellular domain of CSF1R contains autophosphorylated tyrosine residues, which then recruit and complex with multiple downstream effector proteins/pathways, including PI3K, Grb2, SFK, Src, PKC, and others. CSF1R is ubiquitously expressed in macrophages, microglia, osteoclasts, and bone marrow dendritic cells but is rarely expressed in hematopoietic stem cells. Studies have found that CSF1R is involved in embryonic development and tissue repair, and is related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. CSF1R can regulate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), causing TAMs to release tumorigenic cytokines, further dysregulated the tumor microenvironment and forming a pro-tumor phenotype. CSF1R mutations are also associated with neurodegenerative diseases and skeletal abnormalities.