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D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide) dihydrochloride is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) is an antibiotic, and shows antimicrobial activity. Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) can inhibit A. baumannii, as well as Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus. Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) can be used in microbial infection research .
Rhodomyrtone is an antibiotic that can be found in the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Rhodomyrtone kills Gram-positive bacterial cells without causing bacteriolysis. Rhodomyrtone exhibits activity against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus salivarius. Rhodomyrtone is applicable to studies related to bacterial infections .
Gypsogenin is a selective mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki=19.99 μM) that also exhibits significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Gypsogenin inhibits tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis. Gypsogenin displays antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and often serves as a key parent nucleus for the synthesis of anticancer compounds. Gypsogenin is widely used in research on Alzheimer's disease and various cancers including colon cancer, melanoma, and leukemia .
N2-Acetylguanine is a C2-modified guanine. N2-Acetylguanine binds GR (guanine-guanine riboswitch) with an Kd value of 300 nM. N2-Acetylguanine modulate transcriptional termination. N2-Acetylguanine has the potential for the research of antimicrobial agent .
Pisiferic acid is an antibacterial agent with inhibitory activity against Gram-negative/positive bacteria such as P. vulgaris, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Pisiferic acid can be used to study bacterial infections .
Bsu DNA polymerase, Large fragment is a polymerase derived from Bacillus subtilis. Bsu DNA polymerase, Large fragment is a DNA isothermal amplification polymerase with chain replacement activity, which used in RPA recombinase polymerase amplification technology .
Eremomycin (MM 45289) is a potent glycopeptide antibiotic closely related to Vancomycin (HY-B0671). Eremomycin shows antibacterial activity in Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus subtilisATCC6633, with the MIC values of 0.03-1.6 μg/mL .
Diacetinase, Bacillus subtilis is a member of the esterase family and is responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of diacetin. This enzyme is used in the measurement of lipase activity .
endo-α-1,5-Arabinanase, Bacillus subtilis 168 (EC.3.2.1.99) is a glycoside hydrolase involved in arabinan decomposition. exo-α-1,5-Arabinanase is capable of cleaving arabinan main chains .
Massarigenin C is a compound that can be isolated from Massarina tunicata. Massarigenin C has inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) .
DNA gyrase/Topo IV-IN-2 (Compound AK19) is an antibacterial agent with IC50 values of 0.783 μM and 7.136 μM against E. coliDNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, respectively. DNA gyrase/Topo IV-IN-2 exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. DNA gyrase/Topo IV-IN-2 can inhibit the biofilms of B. subtilis and MRSA, with an MIC of 1.9 μM against both B. subtilis and MRSA. DNA gyrase/Topo IV-IN-2 can be used in research related to anti-drug-resistant bacterial drugs .
Filiformin ((-)-Filiformin) is a sesquiterpene compound that can be isolated from Laurencia filiformis forma heteroclada. Filiformin exhibits certain cytotoxicity against P388 and BSC-1 cells. Filiformin has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. In addition, Filiformin can inhibit oxygen uptake in isolated rat liver mitochondria at a concentration of 150 μM .
FtsZ-IN-12 (Compound 16e) is the inhibitor for filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ) that promotes the polymerization of FtsZ protein, inhibits its GTPase activity, thereby interfering with bacterial cell division process. FtsZ-IN-12 exhibits boardspectrum antibacterial activity that inhibits B. subtilisATCC9372, B. pumilus CMCC63202, S. aureusATCC25923, E. coli BW25113 and A. baumanniiATCC19606 with MIC of 0.062-1 μg/mL. FtsZ-IN-12 inhibits the formation of bacterial biofilms and exhibits a clearing effect on mature biofilms. FtsZ-IN-12 exhibits bactericidal activity without hemolytic toxicity to mammalian red blood cells (15 mg/kg) .
Gageotetrin A is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin A has antifungal activity, but none toxic to numerous human cancer cells .
Gageotetrin C is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin C is more active against fungi (MIC value is 0.02-0.04 μM) .
Altersolanol A (Stemphylin; NSC 173943) exhibits antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC of 25-100 μg/mL. Altersolanol A exhibits no phytotoxicity to Taxus (at dose of 4 μg/μL) .
Antibacterial agent 164 (compound 2a) is an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent. Antibacterial agent 164 inhibits S. aureus and B. subtilis (MIC of 0.09 mM), and also exhibits strong anti-B. Subtilis biofilm formation .
Aranciamycin A is an anthracyclic antibiotic and can be isolated from Streptomyces. Aranciamycin A shows antibacterial activity against M. bovis and B. subtilis with the MIC values of 30 and 7.5 µM, respectively .
Talaroderxine D (compound 4) has biofilm inhibitory effect. Talaroderxine D shows antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 2.1 and 8.3 μg/mL .
PC58538 is a cell division inhibitor, targeting to FtsZ. PC58538 shows moderate antibacterial activity, and inhibits cell division in vegetative cells of wild-type B. subtilis. PC58538 is also known to modulate the rate of GTP hydrolysis .
5′-Deoxythymidine is a thymidine form which 5' position replaced with hydrogen. 5'-deoxy Thymidine is effective against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. 5′-Deoxythymidine can be used as a research tool for antiviral and anticancer studies .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
SF-C5-TPP is an potent mitochondria-targeted protonophoric uncoupler. SF-C5-TPP has significant proton transfer activity on model planar bilayer lipid membranes. SF-C5-TPP inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis with a MIC of 2 μM >[1].
Antibacterial agent 88 (Compound 5h) is a potent antibacterial agent with MIC values of both ≤0.0156 μg/mL against MRSA, MRSE and S. aureus. Antibacterial agent 88 also inhibits B. subtilis with an MIC of 4 μg/mL .
Lantic acid is a triterpenoid compound possessing antimicrobial activity. Lantic acid exhibits inhibitory effects on a broad range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with particular potency against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Lantic acid is utilized in the research and development of antimicrobial agents .
Antibacterial agent 241 is a histidine kinase (HK) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 14 μM and 238 μM for CckA and PhoQ, respectively. Antibacterial agent 241 shows moderate antibacterial activity against E. coli DC2, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis, with a MIC range of 12-74 μg/mL .
Bactobolin hydrochloride (Compound 1) is an antibiotic, which inhibits Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 0.3-6.25 μg/mL. Bactobolin hydrochloride exhibits antitumor efficacy against leukemia, with a LD50 value of 6.25-12.5 mg/kg .
Bactobolin (Compound 1) is an antibiotic, which inhibits Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 0.3-6.25 μg/mL. Bactobolin exhibits antitumor efficacy against leukemia, with a LD50 value of 6.25-12.5 mg/kg .
MAC-0547630 is a potent inhibitor of undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UppS), with IC50s of 0.05 μM and 1.6 μM for UppS BS and UppS BA, respectively. MAC-0547630 is active against B. subtilis in vitro (MIC 0.1 ng/mL) .
Selenosemicarbazide (Hydrazinecarboselenoamide) exhibits antimicrobial activity, that inhibits B. subtilis, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Sarcina lutea and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Selenosemicarbazide forms complex with metal ions, and exhibits antitumor efficacy against cancer cells
c(R3W4V) is an antimicrobial peptide. c(R3W4V) has a relatively stable transmembrane structure. c(R3W4V) has IC50 values of 0.27 μM, 0.46 μM, and 0.05 μM for E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis, respectively .
CUHK242 is a bacterial transcription inhibitor, with a MIC of 2 μg/mL for B. subtilis reporter strain BS2019. CUHK242 has antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. CUHK242 can inhibit RNA synthesis in cells, thereby simultaneously reducing protein synthesis .
Kumbicin C is a bis-indolyl benzenoid compound from an Australian soil fungus, Aspergillus kumbius. Kumbicin C inhibits the growth of mouse myeloma cells and the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis .
MraY-IN-3 (12a) is a potent bacterial translocase MraY inhibitor with an IC50 value of 140 µM. MraY-IN-3 acts on E. coli K12, B. subtilis W23 and P. fluorescens Pf-5 with the MIC50 values of 7 µg/mL, 12 µg/mL, and 46 µg/mL, respectively .
Angustifoline hydrochloride, an alkaloid, can be isolated from Lupinus angustifolius L. alkaloid extract. Angustifoline hydrochloride exhibits antimicrobial activity. Angustifoline hydrochloride could have bacteriostatic effects against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. thuringiensis .
Stromemycin is a stromelysin inhibitor. Stromemycin exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis when used alone. Stromemycin shows a significant increase in antibacterial efficacy when combined with Compound 5. Stromemycin does not possess a significant cell-killing effect on HCT-116 cells .
MraY-IN-1 (compound 12a) is a potent MraY inhibitor with an IC50 value of 140 μM. MraY-IN-1 has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K12, Bacillus subtilis W23 and Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 with MIC50s of 7 µg/mL, 12 µg/mL and 46 µg/mL, respectively. MraY-IN-1 can be used for researching anti-bacteria .
Rubiginone D2 is an antibiotic, which exhibits antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Rubiginone D2 exhibits antitumor efficacy, inhibits proliferations of cancer cells HM02, Kato III, HepG2 and MCF7, with GI50s of 0.1, 0.7, <0.1 and 7.5 μM, respectively .
Galbinic acid (α-Acetylsalazinic acid), a lichen acid, shows antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus (MICs=62.5, 62.5, 250 μg/ml, respectively). Galbinic acid inhibits the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli (MIC=125 μg/ml) .
Burnettramic acid A is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Aspergillus burnettii. Burnettramic acid A exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activities, with IC50 of 0.2, 0.5, 2.3 and 5.9 μg/mL, for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Burnettramic acid A exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell NS-1 with IC50 of 13.8 μg/mL .
CCR-11 is an antibacterial agent. CCR-11 can inhibit the proliferation of B. subtilis cells with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM. CCR-11 inhibits HeLa cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 18.1 μM. CCR-11 inhibits bacterial cytokinesis by inhibiting FtsZ assembly. CCR-11 can be used for the research of FtsZ-targeted antibacterial agents .
Antibacterial agent 189 (compound 3a) is a potent antimicrobial agent. Antibacterial agent 189 offers high binding energy against the target OMPA/exo-1,3-beta-glucanase proteins. Antibacterial agent 189 exhibits the potent antimicrobial activities against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. Albicans and A. flavus. Antibacterial agent 189 shows high binding energy against target SMO and SUFU/GLI-1 proteins .
DC-86-M is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Streptomyces luteogriseus. DC-86-M exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio anguillarum, and Proteus vulgaris, with MIC <1 μg/mL. DC-86-M exhibits antitumor activity against mouse sarcoma 180 with LD50 of 25 mg/kg .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (S-2251) is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
dAPM-1 (acetate) is a peptidomimetic antibiotic agent. dAPM-1 (acetate) can selectively induces intracellular aggregation in B. subtilis. dAPM-1 (acetate) is active against S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), B. subtilis, E. faecium, and M. smegmatis with MICs of 8, 4, 4, 8, and 16 µg/ml, respectively .
Pycnophorin significantly inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus with equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 25 μM.
Enfumafungin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Enfumafungin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside, is isolated from extracts derived from fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Enfumafungin is an antifungal compound that is acting on the fungal cell wall, as the (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin is specific for yeasts and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis[1][2].
Myo-Inositol Dehydrogenase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 1.1.1.18) is an oxidoreductase that acts on the donor CH-OH group and uses NAD+ or NADP+ as the acceptor. Myo-Inositol Dehydrogenase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 1.1.1.18) is involved in inositol metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 1.1.1.42) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) and CO2.
L-Alanine Dehydrogenase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 1.4.1.1) is an A-stereospecific dehydrogenase that catalyzes the reversible deamination of L-alanine to pyruvate and ammonium.
Phosphotransacetylase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 2.3.1.8), converts coenzyme A to acetyl-CoA. Phosphotransacetylase is an acyltransferase that transfers groups other than aminoacyl groups. Phosphotransacetylase participates in three metabolic pathways: taurine and hypoturine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and propionic acid metabolism.
Phosphoglucose isomerase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 5.3.1.9) is an enzyme crucial for the interconversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate. Phosphoglucose isomerase is responsible for the second step of glycolysis and is involved in glucogenesis.
Oxalate oxidase, B. subtilis (EC 1.2.3.4) is a redox enzyme that acts on the donor aldehyde or carbonyl group, using oxygen as the acceptor. Oxalate oxidase, B is involved in the metabolism of glyoxylate and dicarboxylic acids. Oxalate oxidase, B has two cofactors: FAD and manganese. Oxalate oxidase, B has three substrates: oxalic acid, O2, and H +, and two products: CO2 and H2O2.
Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 3.2.1.93), belongs to the hydrolase family and is a glycosidase that hydrolyzes O- and S-glycoside compounds. Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase participates in the metabolism of starch and sucrose. Its substrates are α,α'-trehalose-6-phosphate and water, and its products are D-glucose and D-glucose-6-phosphate.
β-Xylosidase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 3.2.1.37) can release reducing sugars from birch xylan and catalyze the hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-cellobiose and 4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-glucopyranoside. β-Xylosidase does not possess endoxylanase, arabinoxylanase, or β-glucanase activity. β-Xylosidase undergoes post-translational glycosylation modification.
β-Mannanase 26E, Bacillus subtilis (EC 3.2.1.78) is an enzyme with system name 4-beta-D-mannan mannanohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: Random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans and glucomannans.
NusB-NusE interaction IN-1 is a NusB-NusE protein-protein interaction inhibitor and growth inhibitor with a Bacillus subtilisIC50 of 6.1 μM.NusB-NusE interaction IN-1 inhibits growth of Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis.NusB-NusE interaction IN-1 inhibits growth of Gram-negative Escherichia coli .
Latarcin 2a is a linear cationic antibacterial peptide that can be isolated from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Latarcin 2a has a MIC of 0.5 μM for both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Latarcin 2a is often used in the research of infectious conditions .
Pulvinic acid dilactone (Compound 1) is a pulvinic acid derivative and Antibacterial agent. Pulvinic acid dilactone can be isolated from the lichen Candelaria concolor. Pulvinic acid dilactone moderately inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Pulvinic acid dilactone exerts positive inotropic effects. Pulvinic acid dilactone can be used in studies related to Bacillus subtilis infections and leukemia .
Pulvinamide is a tetronic acid pigment, a pulvinic acid derivative, an Antibacterial agent and Antifungal agent. Pulvinamide can be isolated from lichens. Pulvinamide weakly inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) with an MIC of 50 μg/mL. Pulvinamide weakly inhibits the growth of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 9763), with MIC values of 200 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively .
N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine is a key metabolic marker in the biosynthesis and maturation of colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine acts as a biomarker for detecting colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine exhibits mild growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 .
3,3'-Bi[1H-indole] is a MtbFtsZ inhibitor. 3,3'-Bi[1H-indole] inhibits the GTPase activity of MtbFtsZ. 3,3'-Bi[1H-indole] increases the cell length of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacillus subtilis. 3,3'-Bi[1H-indole] can be used in the research of tuberculosis .
Kipukasin B is an antibacterial agent. Kipukasin B exhibits activity against the Gram-positive strain Bacillus subtilis. Kipukasin B is isolated from Aspergillus versicolor obtained from Hawaii. Kipukasin B can be used in the research of Gram-positive bacterial infections .
Surfactin C2 is a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis A18 with antifungal activity. Surfactin C2 acts against Heterobasidion annosum and Heterobasidion parviporum. Surfactin C2 exerts its activity mainly through membrane‑active effects to disrupt fungal cell structures and inhibit mycelial growth. Surfactin C2 can be used for the research of butt rot and root rot of conifers .
Xanthoangelol F is a prenylated (geranylated) chalcone and Antibacterial agent. Xanthoangelol F can be isolated from Angelica keiskei. Xanthoangelol F inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus, with an MIC of 64 μg/mL .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate (S-2251 acetate) is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
Antibacterial agent 326 is a bactericide that inhibits the growth of various bacterial strains. Antibacterial agent 326 inhibits biofilm formation in Escherichia coli, disrupts bacterial cell membranes, induces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in Escherichia coli, increases ROS levels, and reduces GSH activity. Antibacterial agent 326 can be used in studies of bacterial infections, including those caused by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria spp., Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella enteritidis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus .
2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin, Germacranolide, is an Antifungal and Antibacterial agent. 2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin can be isolated from Elephantopus tomentosus Linn and E. mollis. 2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin is moderately active against Candida albicans (14 mm clearing zone) and slightly active against Escherichia coli (12 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 mm), Bacillus subtilis (14 mm), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (13 mm) .
Atrovenetin is an antibiotic found in Penicillium species. Atrovenetin has inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Atrovenetin is also a potent antioxidant.
Eicosane is an alkane with anti-microbial effects. Eicosane inhibits the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Eicosane is used to form candles .
γ-D-Glutamyl-L-lysine dipeptidyl-peptidase (EC 3.4.14.13) , characterized from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is involved in the recycling of the murein peptide.
γ-Chloronorvaline has the activity of resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serrata, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis in the synthetic medium, but has no effect on Escherichia coli .
sCy5DL-amide is an amidated fluorescent D-amino acid conjugated to Sulfo-Cyanine 5, and a peptidoglycan labeling agent. sCy5DL-amide incorporates into bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall via transpeptidase-mediated reactions, replacing the fourth or fifth D-amino acid of the peptidoglycan stem peptide for visualization of nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis. sCy5DL-amide produces clear cell outline, septum labeling, and high localization density in Bacillus subtilis, including a 'V-shape' pattern at cell-cell contact areas. sCy5DL-amide exhibits robust incorporation into Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria, with reduced incorporation into Gram-negative bacteria (Ex/Em = 646/666 nm) .
Sideroxylonal A is an effective marine antifouling agent isolated from Eucalyptus jensenii. Sideroxylonal A has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacilus subtilis .
L-threo-β-Hydroxyaspartic acid is an amino acid antibiotic. L-threo-β-Hydroxyaspartic acid has the activity of inhibiting Bacillus subtilis, Xanthomonas oryzae, Mycobacterium phlei and Botrytis cinerea .
Macatrichocarpin A is a flavanone with anti-bacterial activity. Macatrichocarpin A inhibits Bacillus subtilis with MIC value of 26.5 μM. Macatrichocarpin A can be isolated from the leaves of Macaranga trichocarpa .
Virginiamycin Complex (Streptogramin) is an antibiotic containing two streptogramins, virginiamycin M (VM) and virginiamycin S (VS), which are produced by S. virginiae. As a complex, these two antibiotics in Virginiamycin Complex act synergistically. The action of VM is persistent and catalytic, and it can alter the affinity of ribosomes for VS. Virginiamycin Complex irreversibly inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria and has antibacterial activity .
Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 µg/disk .
LMW peptide is an antimicrobial peptide. LMW peptide is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial, such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, V. cholera .
Peptaibolin has anti-Gram-positive bacteria and yeast activity, but the antibacterial activity is weak. Peptaibolin inhibits SubtilisATCC 6633 and candida albicans with MICs (μg/mL) of 100, 100, respectively .
Seitomycin is an anthraquinone antibiotic. Seitomycin has moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and green Streptomyces chlorophyllus .
A mixture of uvaretin (HY-N10129) and isouvaretin exhibits significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (EC50 8.7 μM) and S. epidermidis (IC50 7.9 μM).
Nanangenine C is a drimane sesquiterpene that has been found in Aspergillus. It is active against B. subtilis (IC50 = 5.7 μg/ml) and cytotoxic to NS-1 mouse myeloma cells (IC50 = 4.1 μg/ml).
4-Methylbenzohydrazide (p-ToluoylHYdrazine) (Compound 5) is an antibacterial agent. 4-Methylbenzohydrazide shows a pMIC value of 1.38 against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger .
Neorauflavene is a phenolic neorautanenia isoflavanoid isolated from Neorautanenia edulis. Neorauflavene shows antibacterial activities against E. faecalis, S. suis, S. agalactiae, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and R. anatipestifer .
Aspergillumarin B (Compound 2) is a derivative of dihydroisocoumarin. Aspergillumarin B can be isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.. Aspergillumarin B has a weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis .
Ophiobolin H is a fungal metabolite that can be isolated from Aspergillus ustus. Ophiobolin H inhibits growth of Bacillus subtilis cultures. Ophiobolin H induces hyperacusia in day-old chicks at rates up to 375 mg/kg .
Curromycin A has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Curromycin A can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inhibit mouse melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 cells .
Im5, an antimicrobial peptide, has antibacterial (MIC: 10, 2.5-5, 0.5-1 μM for E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis respectively) and hemolytic activity (EC50: 28 μM) .
Nonacosane (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nonacosane. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus .
ent-Epanorin is an enantiomer of Epanorin (HY-N16418). ent-Epanorin has more potent antibacterial and antiparasitic activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Giardiaduodenalis 713 compared to Epanorin .
PP102 is an antimicrobial peptide is active against gram-positive B. subtilis (MIC: 25 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 13.3 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 63 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 23 uM) .
Angustifoline, an alkaloid, can be isolated from Lupinus angustifolius L. alkaloid extract. Angustifoline exhibits antimicrobial activity. Angustifoline could have bacteriostatic effects against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. thuringiensis .
Curromycin B has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Curromycin B can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inhibit mouse melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 cells .
Antibacterial agent 329 (Compound 9c) is an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 329 inhibits the activity of MraY. Antibacterial agent 329 exhibits antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K12 and Bacillus subtilis W23 with a MIC of 16 μg/mL, but shows no activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Antibacterial agent 329 exerts antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii 19606, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA USA300 JE2, Enterobacter cloacae 19434, Klebsiella pneumoniae 700603 and Enterococcus faecium 19434, with MIC values of 8, 8, 16-32, 16-32 and 16 μg/mL, respectively, while it shows no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 13437 .
Glycosyltransferase-IN-1 (compound 5m) is a potent glycosyltransferase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 82.8 μM. Glycosyltransferase-IN-1 shows antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 6 μg/mL for MSSA, MRSA, B. subtilis and 12 μg/mL for E. coli .
Antibacterial agent 143 (Compound 5a) is an antibacterial agent with MICs of 25, 25, 50 and 50 μg/mL against B. subtilisATCC6633, S. aureusATCC6538, P. aeruginosaATCC13525 and E. coliATCC35218, respectively .
Aurein 3.1 is an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 80, 50, 50, 50, 50 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis) .
Aurein 2.6 is an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 25, 25, 30, 25, 30 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis) .
Flavipucine (Flavipucin), a glutarimide antibiotic, is found in the strain of Aspergillus flavipes F-2090/7. Flavipucine has antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. Flavipucine has antiprotozoal activity. Flavipucine has cytotoxic activity against several cancer cells .
MCF is an antimicrobial peptide derived from bee venom. MCF has activity against E.coli W 160-37, S.aureus 8530 and B.subtilis, the MIC values are 35-45 μg/ml, 25-35 μg/ml and 15-25 μg/ml .
2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (Compound 2d) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent. 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonamide interacts with dihydrofolate synthetase. 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonamide shows inhibitory effect against A. niger, C. albicans, B. subtilis, and S. aureus .
Antibacterial agent 249 demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, while also exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, making it a potential candidate for treating bacterial infections.
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Sublancin is an antimicrobial peptide, which inhibits DNA replication, transcription and translation, without affecting membrane integrity. Sublancin suppresses glucose uptake for the competition of phosphotransferase system (PTS). Sublancin inhibits B. subtilis strain 168 ΔSPβ with MIC of 0.312 μM .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
FabH-IN-3 (Compound 12) is an inhibitor of FabH. FabH-IN-3 exhibits MIC against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus are all 50 μg/mL. FabH-IN-3 can be used for research on Gram-negative bacterial infections .
Linearmycin B is an antibacterial and antifungal agent. Linearmycin B shows activity against Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa). Candida albicans (Ca), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), with MIC values of 0.097, 1.5, 0.0008, and 0.0002 μg/mL, respectively .
Epitaraxerol (compound 6) is a natural product isolated from the leaves of E. neriifolia. Epitaraxerol shows moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans and low antimicrobial activity against T. mentagrophytes, A. niger, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis .
Germicidin C is a microbial metabolite with antibacterial activity, which is found in the marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus niger. Germicidin C can inhibit the growth of various pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values ranging from 32 to 64 µg/mL .
Isofusidienol A (Compound 26) is a chromone compound. Isofusidienol A can be isolated from Artemisia vulgaris. Isofusidienol A has significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Isofusidienol A also has potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Isofusidienol A can be used for bacterial and fungal infections research .
Arsenobetaine is an organoarsenical and a compatible solute that has been found in various marine animals, such as lobsters and crabs, as well as terrestrial organisms, including earthworms and lichens. Arsenobetaine is protective against B. subtilis cell death induced by high osmolarity or extreme temperatures when used at a concentration of 1 mM .
Antibacterial agent 113 (compound 3) is a potent antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 113 shows antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa, S.mutans, B.subtilis, E.coli, E.faecalis, S.typhimuriumand, and S.aureus microorganisms, with MIC values all of 156.25 μM .
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobial peptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Blepharotriol is a phenolic triterpene that can be found in Maytenus blepharodes. Blepharotriol shows antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 8-4 µg/ml for Bacillus subtilis. Blepharotriol shows cytotoxic activity with IC50s of 12.2, >20, >20 µM for HeLa, Hep-2, Vero cells, respectively .
(R)-Mucronulatol is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Astragalus adsurgens. (R)-Mucronulatol shows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia carotovora and Bacillus subtili, with MICs of 15.5, 15.5, 7.8, 7.8, 15.5 μg/mL respectively .
Norfunalenone exhibits weak cytotoxic activity in mouse myeloma NS-1 cell line (ATCC TIB-18) with an IC50 of 70 μM. Norfunalenone also exhibits weak antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (MIC=100 μg/mL; IC50=265 μM) .
Enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside, is isolated from extracts derived from fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Enfumafungin is an antifungal compound that is acting on the fungal cell wall, as the (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin is specific for yeasts and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis .
Antitubercular agent-45 (Compound 5g) is an antifungal and antitubercular agent. Antitubercular agent-45 inhibits S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, E. coli, C. albicans with MIC values of 6.4, 10.8, 6.1, 8.4 , 8.1 μM respectively .
Maximin 68 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 68 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 18.8, 9.4, 37.5, 9.4 μg/mL). Maximin 68 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Leucomycin A4 is a macrolide antibiotic that can be extracted from S. kitasatoensis. Leucomycin A4 inhibits a variety of bacteria, including S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. diphtheriae, N. gonorrhoeae, and H. influenzae (MICs = 0.15, 1.25, 0.15, 0.6, and 0.15 µg/ml, respectively) .
PP113 is an antimicrobial peptide is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, E.coli (MIC: 73.3 uM), B. subtilis (MIC: 23.3 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 13 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 16.7 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 23.3 uM) .
Macrocarpal A (10-epi-Eucarobustol F) is an antibacterial agent, which can be isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus macrocarpa. Macrocarpal A inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 (minimum inhibitory concentration below 0.2 µM) and Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.4 µM) .
Lankamycin, a macrolide antibiotic, shows moderate antimicrobial activity against several gram-positive bacteria, acting as a synergistic pair with carbocyclic antibiotic Lankacidin C (HY-121412) by binding to the ribosome exit tunnel .
AN0128 is a boron-containing antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. AN0128 against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. acnes, B. subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1, 0.5, 0.3, 1 μg/mL. AN0128 can be used for the research of periodontal disease and cutaneous diseases .
Cuevaene A can be isolated from the strain of gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35 and. Cuevaene A displays moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4) .
Rugulotrosin A is an antibiotic originally isolated from Penicillium. It is active against the Gram-positive bacteria E. faecalis, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus with 99% lethal dose (LD99) values of 1.6, 3.1, 5.5, and 200 μg/mL, respectively.1 Rugulotrosin A is inactive against Gram-negative bacteria.
Thiocillin I is a thiopeptide antibiotic and has in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains. The MIC values of Thiocillin I against S. aureus 1974149, E. faecalis 1674621, B. subtilisATCC 6633 and S. pyogenes 1744264 are 2 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively .
3-Methoxybenzamide (3-MBA), an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRTs) and PARP, inhibits cell division in Bacillus subtilis, leading to filamentation and eventually lysis of cells . 3-Methoxybenzamide (3-MBA) enhances in vitro plant growth, microtuberization, and transformation efficiency of blue potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum) .
Rhizocarpic acid (Compound 2) is a secondary metabolite of lichen. Rhizocarpic acid effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as murine myeloma NS-1 cells. Rhizocarpic acid is an antioxidant and an insect antifeedant with an ED50 of 71 μmol/g dry weight against neonate larvae of the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis .
(S)-Dihydroaeruginoic acid is an antibiotic originally isolated from P. fluorescens. It has antimicrobial activity in a disc assay against R. solani, P. ultimum, B. cinera, S. rolfsii, C. gloeosporioide, F. oxysporum, and S. tritici fungi as well as B. subtilis, E. herbicola, and S. albus bacteria when used at a concentration of 200 μg/disc.
PP13 is an antimicrobial peptide, and is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria E.coli (MIC: 16.7 uM), B. subtilis (MIC: 13.3 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 23.3 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 8.0 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 9.0 uM) .
HCA-6 is a calcium-channel and P-glycoprotein blocker. HCA-6 can induce cancer cells apoptosis and increase anticancer activity of Cisplatin (HY-17394). HCA-6 also exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. HCA-6 can be used for the research of cancer and infection, such as breast cancer .
Aspergillumarin A is a dihydroisocoumarin derivative with various biological activity. Aspergillumarin A inhibits cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.. Aspergillumarin A exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Aspergillumarin A can be used for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Oxalate decarboxylase, Microorganism (EC 4.1.1.2), a stress-response enzyme in certain soil bacteria, is a Mn-dependent enzyme in the cupin superfamily and is found in fungi and soil bacteria. Oxalate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of the oxalate mono-anion in the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Enzymatic activity of OxDC is strongly pH dependent, with a maximum at around pH 4.0 .
Leucinostatin H is a polypeptide antibiotic discovered in Paecilomyces marquandii, characterized by a tertiary amine-oxide terminal group. Leucinostatin H exhibits inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 10-100 μg/mL). Leucinostatin H holds potential for research in anti-infective and plant disease control applications .
TPU-0037A is an antibiotic and a congener of lydicamycin. It inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), B. subtilis, and M. luteus (MICs=1.56-12.5 μg/mL), but not Gram-negative E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, or P. aeruginosa strains (MICs=>50 μg/mL).
Cuevaene B can be isolated from the strain of gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35 and. Cuevaene B displays moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4) .
Leucomycin A13 is a macrolide antibiotic and a component of the leucomycin complex originally isolated from S. kitasatoensis. It is active against B. subtilis, S. aureus, M. luteus, and E. coli with MIC values of 0.16, 0.16, 0.08 and >10 μg/mL, respectively. It binds to ribosomes with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM in a radioligand binding assay.
ADG-2e is a potent antibacterial agent with MICs of 16, 4, 2, and 2 μg/mL for E. coli [KCTC 1682], P. aeruginosa [KCTC 1637], B.subtilis [KCTC 3068], and S. aureus [KCTC 1621], respectively. ADG-2e shows anti-metastatic activity against breast cancer cells .
4-Methylherniarin (7-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin) is a coumarin derivative and fluorescent label, has an antimicrobial activitiy against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial stains. 4-Methylherniarin displays good activity against B. subtilis and S.sonnei with IC50 values of 11.76 μg/ml and 13.47 μg/ml .
Orthosporin ((+)-Orthosporin), a phytotoxic isocoumarin compound, is a microbial secondary metabolite. Orthosporin can be isolated from the endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia tbeobromae. Orthosporin has potent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Orthosporin also has antioxidant activity against DPPH radical and antiviral activities with inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity .
Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate (APBADP) is an adenylosuccinate lyase substrate analog and competitive inhibitor. Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate binds to the tetramers of *Bacillus subtilis* adenylosuccinate lyase and wild-type human adenylosuccinate lyase. Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate can be used for research on adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency .
Nanangenine F is a drimane sesquiterpenoid with weak antibacterial and anticancer activities. Nanangenine F inhibits Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) with an IC50 of 78 µg/mL. Nanangenine F inhibits NS-1, DU-145, MCF-7 and human fibroblast NFF cells with IC50s of 49 µg/mL, 95 µg/mL, 49 µg/mL, and 84 µg/mL, respectively .
Sarothralin G is an antibacterial compound isolated from Hypericum japonicum Thunb. (Japanese spurfle). The structure of Sarothralin G contains phenolic and aromatic acid moieties and shows excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Nocardia spp., which is stronger than Sarothralen A, B and Saroaspidin A, B, C. Sarothralin G exhibits significant antibacterial potential.
Veratric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Veratric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities . Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling . Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation .
Rhizocticin A is an antifungal phosphono-oligopeptide against Ascodesmis, Plicaria, Rhizoctonia with MIC of 3.5 μg/mL. Rhizocticin A produces toxic L-2-Amino-5-phospho-3-cis-pentenoic acid (L-APPA), which may interfere with cell metabolism .
Cyclamidomycin (Desdanine) is an acrylamide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cyclamidomycin inhibits nucleoside diphosphate kinase and pyruvate kinase (in E. coli) and oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. Cyclamidomycin is active against S. aureus, M. flavus, S. lutea, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. flexneri, S. typhosa, P. vulgaris, and K. pneumoniae (MICs=3.12-25 mg/ml) .
RW3 (MP196) is a small cationic antimicrobial hexapeptide. RW3 targets the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits cellular respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 exhibits high bioactivity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis 168 (MIC of 2 µg/mL). RW3 causes shrinking of murine erythrocytes. RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal research .
Pachybasin is a major metabolite from culture broth of endophytic coelomyceteous AFKR-18 fungus. Pachybasin showes antimicrobial activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, M. luteus, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, A. niger, and A. flavus, with MIC values of 64.0 μg/mL, and against S. aureus and F. oxysporum with MIC values of 32.0 and 16.0 μg/mL respectively .
Epoxyquinomicin B is an antibiotic that can be isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella piscicida and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 6.25-12.5 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell L1210 with IC50 of 16.3 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits anti-inflammatory effects against collagen-induced arthritis .
Epoxyquinomicin A is an antibiotic that can be isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella piscicida and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 3-12.5 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell L1210, B16 and S180 with IC50 of 2-8 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits anti-inflammatory effects against collagen-induced arthritis .
Mizoribine 5'-monophosphate (MZR-P) is the active metabolite of Mizoribine (HY-17470). Mizoribine 5'-monophosphate is an inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), and its Ki values for IMPDH of Trypanosoma brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Oceanobacillus iheyensis are 3.3, 72 and 157 nM respectively. Mizoribine 5'-monophosphate can be used in anti-trypanosomiasis and immunosuppression research .
Florfenicol-propanoate-piperidin (Compound 1) is the derivative of Florfenicol (HY-B1374). Florfenicol-propanoate-piperidin exhibits antibacterial activity, inhibits E. coliATCC25922, Salmonella CICC110420, S. aureusATCC29213, B. subtilis CMCC(B)63501, E. faecalisATCC29212, S. suis CVCC606, and Haemophilus parasuis with MIC of 2-8 μM .
Mazethramycin B (Compound II) is an antitumor antibiotic. Mazethramycin B can be isolated from the Streptomyces thioluteusM ME561-L4. Mazethramycin B has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (such as MICs of 1.56 and 6.25 μg/mL for the bacteria Bacillus subtilis PCI 219 and the fungus Candida pseudotropicalis, resepectively). Mazethramycin B significantly increases survival in L1210 leukemia mice model .
Antiangiogenic agent 8 (Compound 3m) is an antibacterial agent with anti-angiogenic activity. The MIC values of Antiangiogenic agent 8 against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and C. glabrata are 16, 8, 4, 16, and 8 μg/mL, respectively, with MBC ranging from 32 to 64 μg/mL. Antiangiogenic agent 8 holds promise for applications in anti-infective therapy and cardiovascular disease research .
Antibacterial agent 129, an oxetanyl-quinoline derivative, has shown good antibacterial activity against P. mirabilis and B. subtilis with MICs of 31.25 μM and 31.5 μM and . Antibacterial agent 129 shows good antifungal activity against A. niger with a MIC of 31.25 μM. Antibacterial agent 129 shows excellent antimycobacterial activity with MIC 57.73 μM for M. tuberculosis H37Rv .
ZM-804 is a cationic α-helix antimicrobial peptide. ZM-804 targets bacterial cell membranes. ZM-804 demonstrates antimicrobial activity and prevents the infection of tomato plants by Pst DC3000. ZM-804 inhibits the growth of B. subtilis and E. coli (the same MICs of 41.10 μg/mL). ZM-804 exhibits low hemolytic activity .
Sclerotioramine (Compound 1), a red pigment, is an antioxidant compound. Sclerotioramine can be isolated from the endolichenic fungus Penicillium sp.-strain 1322P. Sclerotioramine has potent antibacterial activity with MICs of 3.125, 3.125 and 6.25 μg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Shigella dysentery, respectively. Sclerotioramine also has significant antifungal activity against Pestalotiopsis theae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Exserohilum turcicum .
Sedoheptulose is a heptulose. Sedoheptulose, in the form of phosphate esters, functions as a metabolic intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. Sedoheptulose serves as a starting material for the chemical synthesis of pseudoaminosugars and chiral substituted furans .
G(IIKK)3I-NH2 is an antimicrobial peptide. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 exhibits potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 has low toxicity to primary cells and mice, and G(IIKK)3I-NH2 is not easy to induce bacterial resistance. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 can be used in the research of anti-infection agents .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
Monascorubrin is a compound that can be isolated from Monascus mycelia. Monascorubrin has activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory. Monascorubrin also has certain embryotoxicity, with an ED50 of 4.3 μg for chicken embryos. Monascorubrin can be used for the research of tumors and inflammatory diseases .
5-[(2-Nitrophenyl)methylene]-2,4-thiazolidinedione (Compound 4) has antimicrobial, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities. 5-[(2-Nitrophenyl)methylene]-2,4-thiazolidinedione inhibits B. subtilis, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, E. coli, and S. typhi with MICs of 4.5-9.9 μΜ/mL, and inhibits A. niger and C. albicans with MICs of 4.99 μΜ/mL .
FtsZ-IN-1 is a potent FtsZ inhibitor with quinolinium ring. FtsZ-IN-1 has stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria with MICs of 0.5-8 μg/mL. FtsZ-IN-1 significantly causes cell elongation of B. subtilis by enhancing FtsZ polymerization. FtsZ-IN-1 exhibits low hemolytic toxicity and low tendency to induce agent resistance. FtsZ-IN-1 has against drug-resistant bacteria activity .
3-Methoxybenzamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methoxybenzamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methoxybenzamide (3-MBA), an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRTs) and PARP, inhibits cell division in Bacillus subtilis, leading to filamentation and eventually lysis of cells . 3-Methoxybenzamide (3-MBA) enhances in vitro plant growth, microtuberization, and transformation efficiency of blue potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum) .
Deoxyviolacein is a bacterial metabolite and byproduct in the biosynthesis of the bisindole alkaloid violacein (HY-119809) that has anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. It inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 μM. Deoxyviolacein (125 μg/mL) has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus, B. subtilis, and B. megaterium. It also has antifungal activity against R. solani when used at a concentration of 2 mg/ml.
14-epi-Berkeleylactone F (Compound 8) is a C-14 epimer of Berkeleylactone F (HY-N8386). 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F can be isolated from Penicillium turbatum NRRL 5630. 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F has no significant biological activity against bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli), fungi Candida albicans, the parasite Giardia duodenalis and NS-1 murine myeloma cells .
Ziapin 2 is a membrane potential modulator and an intracellular membrane photoactuator. Ziapin 2 binds to the bacterial plasma membrane, and upon embedding into the lipid bilayer, undergoes trans-cis isomerization under 470 nm light irradiation, which triggers membrane potential hyperpolarization and induces the opening of ion channels on bacterial cell membranes. Through interactions with lipids, Ziapin 2 increases the overall flexibility of the lipid bilayer. Ziapin 2 can form photosensitive transmembrane dimers to trigger cellular signal transduction. Ziapin 2 is applicable to the research and regulation of bacterial electrical signal transduction and the regulation of membrane physical properties .
10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
4'-O-Methyl-8-prenylnaringenin is a prenylated flavonoid compound with antibacterial activity, which can be isolated from propolis of the Solomon Islands. 4'-O-Methyl-8-prenylnaringenin exerts its antibacterial activity by enhancing cell penetration and damaging bacterial cell membranes or cell walls. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are 32 μg/mL, 32 μg/mL, and 128 μg/mL, respectively .
Antimicrobial agent-32 (Compound 4g) is an antimicrobial agent that exhibits significant activity against various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus (MIC=1000 µg/mL), Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=500 µg/mL), as well as Escherichia coli (MIC=250 µg/mL). Additionally, Antimicrobial agent-32 inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2 cells, demonstrating anticancer activity .
Aspergillus niger-IN-1 (Compound 17), a derivative of thiazolidine-2,4-dione, acts as an antimicrobial agent. Aspergillus niger-IN-1 exhibited antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, with MIC values of 11.3, 5.65, 11.3, 5.65, 5.65, 5.65, and 5.65 μM/mL, respectively .
BE 24566B is a polyketide fungal metabolite originally isolated from S. violaceusniger. It is active against B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. aureus, M. luteus, E. faecalis, and S. thermophilus (MICs=1.56, 1.56, 1.56, 1.56, 3.13, and 3.13 μg/mL, respectively). BE 24566B is an endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist (IC50s=11 and 3.9 μM for ETA and ETB receptors, respectively).
Linearmycin A is a polyene antibiotic that has been found in Streptomyces. It is active against the bacteria S. aureus and E. coli (MICs=3.1 and 1.6 μg/disc, respectively), the fungi S. cerevisiae and C. albicans (MICs=0.1 and 1.6 μg/disc, respectively), and the plant pathogenic fungus A. niger in disc assays (MIC=0.2 μg/disc). Linearmycin A induces lysis and degradation of B. subtilis as a component of Streptomyces Mg1 extract.
Evoxine (Haplophytin B) is a compound that selectively inhibits CO2-induced immunosuppression and has activity in inhibiting the expression of interleukin-6 and chemokine CCL2 in human THP-1 macrophages. Evoxine shows antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, especially performing well in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Evoxine extracts may find application in crude drug preparations in West Africa, provided that their in vivo toxicity results are negative .
FtsZ-IN-10 is a bacterial division inhibitor that interferes with the normal assembly of FtsZ. FtsZ-IN-10 specifically binds to Bacillus subtilis FtsZ monomers, thereby affecting their polymerization behavior. FtsZ-IN-10 may also activate nucleotide-free archaeal FtsZ to form ordered polymers. FtsZ-IN-10 can hinder the localization of FtsZ in the Z ring and inhibit bacterial cell division. Chlorinated analogs of FtsZ-IN-10 show the ability to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci .
10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
KKL-40 is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the trans-transcription process and is effective against methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as other Gram-positive pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. KKL-40 synergizes with the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 to inhibit S. aureus, but does not synergize with other antibiotics such as daptomycin, kanamycin, or erythromycin. Trans-transcription is an extreme form of recoding, and KKL-40 inhibits trans-transcription but is nontoxic to HeLa cells .
(–)-Mycousnine is a microbial metabolite and derivative of Usnic Acid (HY-N0656) originally isolated from M. nawae that has antibacterial and antifungal activities. It is active against the Gram-positive bacteria B. subtilis, K. rhizophila, and S. aureus (MICs=4, 8, and 4 g/ml, respectively) but not the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae (MICs=>128 g/ml for all).2 (–)-Mycousnine is also active against the fungi T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and C. albicans (MICs=25, 25, and 100 μg/mL, respectively).
Isopteropodine is a positive modulator that selectively acts on muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Isopteropodine has an EC50 of 9.92 μM for acetylcholine and 14.5 μM for 5-HT. Isopteropodine also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs of 150 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Isopteropodine enhances receptor function by increasing the affinity of agonists for receptors and can also inhibit the growth of specific Gram-positive bacteria, and can be used in cognitive impairment and antibacterial research .
Sabinene hydrate is a volatile organic compound of a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol. Sabinene hydrate, as a plant secondary metabolite, is naturally present in various plants and their essential oils. Sabinene hydrate exhibits broad-spectrum but varying-intensity antibacterial activity, with the greatest sensitivity to Gram-positive bacteria, especially Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 0.0312 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.0625 mg/mL). Sabinene hydrate also shows certain sensitivity to Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, with MIC values of 0.125 mg/mL for both. Sabinene hydrate can be used in the research of the ecological functions of plant defense substances .
10-Undecenoic acid copper (Undecylenic acid copper) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid copper has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid copper has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Ducloudine C is an alkaloid present in the roots of Aconitum duclouxii with antifungal activity. Ducloudine C has an MIC of 128 μg/mL against Candida albicans .
GlcN-6-P Synthase-IN-1 (Compound 4d) is a Glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.47 μM. GlcN-6-P Synthase-IN-1 exhibits significant antimicrobial activity. GlcN-6-P Synthase-IN-1 has good penetration in the CNS and is able to inhibit the cytochrome P450, CYP3A4 isoform .
6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene (Compound 6) is a diterpenoid found in Premna obtusifolia with antibacterial activity. 6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene can significantly inhibit the release of the inflammatory mediator NO, with an IC50 value of 29.1 μM. 6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene can be used for the researches of infection and inflammation .
(6-Isothiocyanatohexyl)(methyl)sulfane (Lesquerellin; 6-Methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate) is an isothiocyanate found in wasabi (W. japonica) and has various biological activities. (6-Isothiocyanatohexyl)(methyl)sulfane is active against the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the fungus T. mentagrophytes (MIC=25 μg/mL). (6-Isothiocyanatohexyl)(methyl)sulfane also has anthelmintic activity against blue mussel (M. edulis). (6-Isothiocyanatohexyl)(methyl)sulfane has antifouling activity when applied to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) panels at a concentration of 50 μmol/cm2 in a conventional immersion test.
(-)-(E)-Guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats .
(-)-(E) -guggulsterone (Standard) is the analytical standard for (-)-(E) -guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) (HY-N7781). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats.
Terrecyclic acid is a sesquiterpene originally isolated from A. terreus with antibiotic and anticancer activity. It is active against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and M. roseus (MICs=25, 50, and 25 μg/mL, respectively). Terrecyclic acid induces a heat shock response, increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibits NF-κB activity and cell growth in 3T3-Y9-B12 cells.2 In vivo, terrecyclic acid (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml) reduces the number of ascitic fluid tumor cells in a mouse model of P388 murine leukemia.
10-Undecenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Cinosulfuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cinosulfuron. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gypsogenin is a selective mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki=19.99 μM) that also exhibits significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Gypsogenin inhibits tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis. Gypsogenin displays antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and often serves as a key parent nucleus for the synthesis of anticancer compounds. Gypsogenin is widely used in research on Alzheimer's disease and various cancers including colon cancer, melanoma, and leukemia .
Dyclonine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dyclonine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dyclonine (Dyclocaine) hydrochloride is an orally effective ALDH covalent inhibitor (crosses blood-brain barrier), with an IC50 of 35 μM for ALDH2 and 76 μM for ALDH3A1. Dyclonine hydrochloride has sensitizing activities for targeted cancer cells and antibacterial. Dyclonine hydrochloride is also a local agent that can suppress or relieve pain. that blocks the transmission of various nerve impulses or stimuli and inhibits the sensation of touch and pain .
Dyclonine (Dyclocaine) hydrochloride is an orally effective ALDH covalent inhibitor (crosses blood-brain barrier), with an IC50 of 35 μM for ALDH2 and 76 μM for ALDH3A1. Dyclonine hydrochloride has sensitizing activities for targeted cancer cells and antibacterial. Dyclonine hydrochloride is also a local agent that can suppress or relieve pain. that blocks the transmission of various nerve impulses or stimuli and inhibits the sensation of touch and pain .
Aldgamycin E is a neutral macrolide antibiotic that can be derived from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lavendulae. Aldgamycin E has antibacterial activity .
Obafluorin is a β-lactone antibiotic. Obafluorin inhibits threonyl-tRNA synthetase (PfThrRS) with an IC50 of 4.3 nM. Obafluorin inhibits the aminoacylation activity of EcThrRS and ObaO. Obafluorin exhibits Fe 3+-enhanced antibacterial activity. Obafluorin can be used in studies related to infections caused by bacterial and parasites such as Plasmodium .
Antituberculosis agent-8 (Compound 9i) is an antitubercular agent with an MIC of 3.53 μM (1.6 μg/mL) against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Antituberculosis agent-8 also shows good antifungal activity against A. niger with an MIC of 62.50 μM .
Pimelic acid (Heptanedioic acid; 1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid) is a seven-carbon α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a downstream product of fatty acid synthesis. Pimelic acid is a key precursor in biotin biosynthesis. Pimelic acid can be converted to pimelic acid-CoA by the BioW enzyme, thereby bypassing exogenous biotin requirements to support growth in various biotinytrophic bacteria and fungi, and reversing antibiotic-induced inhibition of biotin synthesis. Furthermore, Pimelic acid has been proposed as a highly specific biomarker for oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Pimelic acid can be used to study retinopathy of preterm infants, oxygen-induced retinopathy, and microbial biotin metabolism .
10-Undecenoic acid (zinc salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid (zinc salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (NSC 49139) is an endogenous metabolite. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine in produced in food systems of two whey protein hydrolysates, obtained using either trypsin or proteinase from Aspergillus melleus. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can be qualitatively monitored using a stable isotope dilution assay. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can also be generated via microbial mechanisms using Bacillus subtilis. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can be oxidized to form 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, which is the intermediate in the synthesis of antilipoltic agent. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine is a volatile compound that can give a roasted peanut flavor .
Isopteropodine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isopteropodine (HY-N4157). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isopteropodine is a positive modulator that selectively acts on muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Isopteropodine has an EC50 of 9.92 μM for acetylcholine and 14.5 μM for 5-HT. Isopteropodine also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs of 150 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Isopteropodine enhances receptor function by increasing the affinity of agonists for receptors and can also inhibit the growth of specific Gram-positive bacteria, and can be used in cognitive impairment and antibacterial research .
Flindersine is an alkaloid with multiple activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties. Flindersine increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, restores the levels of renal biomarkers, and reduces blood glucose, blood lipid, and insulin levels in diabetic rats. Flindersine inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant bacteria, as well as dermatophytes, filamentous fungi, and yeasts. Flindersine reduces the viability of cancer cells and induces apoptosis. Flindersine can be used in research related to breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, bacterial infections, and fungal infections .
Micronomicin sulfate (Gentamicin C2b sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Micromonospora. Micronomicin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic close to the gentamicin-type antibiotics, exhibits a high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc (MIC=0.001-8.3 μg/ml) .
Neospiramycin I is a macrolide antibiotic and a derivative of Spiramycin I (HY-N7141). Neospiramycin I is effective against the macrolide-sensitive KB210 strain of S. aureus, but ineffective against the macrolide-resistant KB224 strain, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 3.12 and greater than 100 µg/mL, respectively; it is also effective against B. cereus, B. subtilis, M. luteus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, with respective MIC values of 1.56, 3.12, 3.12, 0.2, 50, and 12.5 µg/mL. Neospiramycin I binds to the ribosomes of E. coli, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 1.2 µM. It protects mice from death in a type III S. pneumoniae infection model, with an effective dose 50 (ED50) of 399.8 mg/kg .
Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC50 = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus .
PYO12 is a 3-phenyl-4-phenoxypyrazole type antibacterial compound. PYO12 exhibits selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria with MIC for S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. pneumoniae, and MRSA of 1, 1, 1, and 4 μg/mL respectively. PYO12 has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria. PYO12 can significantly increase bacterial membrane permeability and significantly upregulate cell wall stress-related genes, possibly by binding to the C55-PP part of lipid II. PYO12 shows a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, has low toxicity to mammalian cells, and does not cause hemolysis. PYO12 can be used to develop new antibiotics targeting bacterial cell wall synthesis .
Carvacrol methyl ether is a carvacrol derivative isolated from plant essential oils. Carvacrol methyl ether essentially lost its antibacterial activity, exhibiting only a weak inhibitory effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the highest tested concentration of 3 g/L .
Petalostemumol G is a flavonol derivative present in Petalostemum purpureum. Petalostemum G has no antibacterial activity. Petalostemumol G is formed by air oxidation of petalostemumol .
RADA is a fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA) with high photostability and thermostability, which emits yellow-to-orange fluorescence. RADA shows low outer membrane permeability in wild-type Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but it targets penicillin-binding proteins and L,D-transpeptidases, mimics the interaction between acyl acceptors and enzyme intermediates, and integrates into peptidoglycan during biosynthesis. As a peptidoglycan labeling reagent, RADA metabolically integrates into the nascent peptidoglycan of live bacterial cells, labels the peptidoglycan at the poles and lateral walls of mycobacteria, and enables visualization of peptidoglycan synthesis and remodeling processes. RADA serves as a non-specific stain for fixed cells, is non-toxic to bacterial cells, and its red-shifted excitation/emission spectra reduce phototoxicity. RADA also supports virtual pulse-chase labeling experiments and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy for sub-diffraction-limited imaging of bacterial cell walls .
L-Isoleucine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Isoleucine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Isoleucine is an orally active branched chain amino acid, which is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine. L-Isoleucine has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. L-Isoleucine regulates the inflammatory response to protect against pathogens in vivo and in vitro .
Iturin A-2 is a cyclic lipopeptide discovered in B. subtilis and exhibits inhibitory activity against the plant pathogenic fungus P. expansum (MIC = 8 µg/disk). Iturin A-2 is cytotoxic to MCF-7 and BT474 breast cancer cells, as well as HeLa cervical cancer cells, with IC50 values of 66.81, 95.04, and 77.5 µg/mL, respectively. In greenhouse studies, Iturin A-2 at concentrations of 100 and 300 mg/kg Iturin A-2 reduces the lesion area of southern corn leaf blight caused by B. maydis, and in field studies, concentrations of 300 and 500 mg/kg Iturin A-2 reduce the incidence of the disease. Iturin A-2 (12.5 µg/mL) inhibits cell division, but not nuclear division, in isolated fertilized starfish eggs .
(9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a nature product that could be isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cassonia barteri (Araliaceae) leaves. (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol has antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum, moiluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata . (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Chorismic acid is a precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and vitamins, as well as a key metabolite in tRNA modification. Chorismic acid is a critical metabolite for the synthesis of cmo 5U. Deficiency of Chorismic acid inhibits the formation of cmo 5U and mcmo 5U. Chorismic acid can be used in studies of S. typhimurium and E. coli infections .\n
Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite of lichens with a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis and has antibacterial activity. Usnic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has anticancer activity. Usnic acid inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1. Usnic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase .
Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite of lichens with a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis and has antibacterial activity. Usnic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has anticancer activity. Usnic acid inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1. Usnic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase .
Antibacterial agent 318 is an antibacterial agent that binds to bacterial DNA, blocks its replication, and forms supramolecular complexes. Antibacterial agent 318 acts as an oxidative stress inducer, elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, oxidizing glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), depleting cellular GSH reserves, and inducing bacterial cell death through oxidative damage. Antibacterial agent 318 disrupts the bacterial cell membrane and reduces bacterial metabolic activity. Antibacterial agent 318 exhibits rapid bactericidal activity, inhibits bacterial biofilm formation, and displays minimal cytotoxicity toward non-cancerous mammalian cells. Antibacterial agent 318 is applicable in research on drug-resistant bacterial infections .
TXA707 is an FtsZ-targeting antibacterial agent. TXA707 disrupts bacterial septum formation, induces cell enlargement, causes penicillin-binding protein mislocalization, and triggers cell lysis in Staphylococcus aureus cells. TXA707 can be used for the research of Staphylococcus aureus infections .
RMR-Tre is a fluorescent probe targeting the mycobacterial acyltransferase Ag85. Under the catalysis of Ag85, RMR-Tre undergoes 6-position mycoloylation and anchors to the mycobacterial membrane, while achieving fluorescence activation by inhibiting the intramolecular twisted charge transfer state transition. RMR-Tre can distinguish live mycobacteria from dead ones through metabolism-driven labeling, enabling rapid, wash-free, low-background detection of viable bacteria. RMR-Tre reports the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the trehalose catalytic shift activity readout associated with TreS. In addition, RMR-Tre can be combined with flow cytometry or high-content imaging techniques to visualize and quantitatively analyze the metabolic heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis related to persistence and drug resistance. RMR-Tre is widely used in tuberculosis-related research .
1,1,3-Tris (3-indolyl) butane is an indole alkaloid. It is isolated from North Sea bacteria closely related to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 1,1,3-Tris (3-indolyl) butane shows no activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi .
Koninginin D is a potent antifungal agent that can be isolated from fungi including Trichoderma applanatum. Koninginin D inhibits growth of various fungal species including Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana and so on. Koninginin D can be used for the research of fungal infection .
3-Ethoxybenzamide is an alkoxybenzamide compound with antibacterial activity and a FtsZ inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. 3-Ethoxybenzamide distributes widely and rapidly in vivo, rapidly reaches equilibrium between various tissues and blood, and is linearly taken up by hepatocytes. 3-Ethoxybenzamide is completely dependent on hepatic microsomal oxidation for clearance, with salicylamide as its major metabolite. 3-Ethoxybenzamide can be used for the study of bacterial infections .
Saquayamycin D is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Streptomyces nodosus culture broth. Saquayamycin D exhibits antibacterial activity against various gram-positive bacteria with MIC of 12.5-50 μg/mL. Saquayamycin D inhibits the proliferation of Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-sensitive P388/S and Doxorubicin-resistant P388/ADR with IC50 of 0.15 and 0.15 μg/mL .
UCM05 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lysipressin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. UCM05 (G28UCM) is a fatty acid synthase (FASN) and filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (Ftsz) inhibitor. UCM05 inhibits fatty acid synthesis, viral replication, and Gram-positive bacterial growth. UCM05 binds to FtsZ GTP-binding sites, inhibits GTPase activity, and disrupts Z-ring localization. UCM05 can be used for the research of HSV-1/2 infection, HIV-1 infection, and Gram-positive bacterial infections [1][2][3].
UCM05 (G28UCM) is a fatty acid synthase (FASN) and filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (Ftsz) inhibitor. UCM05 inhibits fatty acid synthesis, viral replication, and Gram-positive bacterial growth. UCM05 binds to FtsZ GTP-binding sites, inhibits GTPase activity, and disrupts Z-ring localization. UCM05 can be used for the research of HSV-1/2 infection, HIV-1 infection, and Gram-positive bacterial infections[1][2][3].
MreB Perturbing Compound A22 hydrochloride (A22 hydrochloride) is a reversible MreB inhibitor and antimicrobial agent that exhibits bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli, with low activity against Gram-positive bacteria. MreB Perturbing Compound A22 hydrochloride rapidly and reversally delocalizes MreB from the helical/circular structures in cells, impairs MreB function, and reduces the binding of MreB to the chromosomal region proximal to the replication origin. MreB Perturbing Compound A22 hydrochloride alters the cell morphology of caulobacters to round/lemon-shaped, slows caulobacter growth, blocks their cell division, and induces the formation of spherical morphology, asymmetric division, and anucleate cells in Escherichia coli. MreB Perturbing Compound A22 hydrochloride is used for studies related to bacterial rod-shaped morphology determination, chromosome segregation, and cell division mechanisms .
IPG-4 (Ion potassium green-4) TMA is an extracellular potassium ion fluorescence indicator with an Ex/Em ratio of 525/545 nm. IPG-4 TMA can be used for real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis of the transport of the biological electrochemical ion pump K⁺ .
Sucrose monolaurate is a glycolipid surfactant . Sucrose monolaurate interacts with bacterial DNA, disrupts cell membrane permeability, and exerts excellent inhibitory and bactericidal effects against a variety of foodborne pathogens (especially Gram-positive bacteria). Sucrose monolaurate significantly reduces liquid surface tension, and acts as a synergist for chlorine-based disinfectants in food cleaning and disinfection to improve the removal efficiency of pathogens on the surface of agricultural products .
Desaspidin is an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor and photophosphorylation inhibitor. Desaspidin uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, multiple chloroplast photophosphorylation pathways, and ATP synthesis linked to non-cyclic NADP reduction. Desaspidin can be used for the research of anthelmintic agent .
Roseoside is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase and HAV 3C protease, and also inhibits HCV NS5A/B replicase in human systems with an IC50 of 20 μM. Roseoside binds to the active site of enzymes and stabilizes the interaction by forming hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues. Roseoside inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans, and interferes with HCV RNA replicationin vitro by inhibiting HCV NS5A/B replicase (IC50=20 μM). Roseoside shows no cytotoxicity and serves as a research tool for studies related to bacterial infections, candidiasis, HAV and HCV .
IP6C is a specific inhibitor and phage sensitizer targeting type II Thoeris systems. IP6C competitively binds to histidine in the catalytic pocket of ThsB, blocks the production of the His-ADPR alarm signal and inhibits ThsA activation, thereby relieving bacterial stasis of phage replication. IP6C selectively resensitizes drug-resistant bacteria carrying type II Thoeris systems (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to phage lysis, without affecting other bacteria, and shows no toxicity to mice and human cell lines. IP6C significantly improves the survival rate of infected mice, and can be used to overcome bacterial phage defense mechanisms and study Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections . Thoeris system: (named after the Egyptian goddess of fertility and protection), is a widespread anti-phage immune defense system in bacteria and archaea. Thoeris system belongs to the "Abortion Infection (Abi)" mechanism of bacteria: when an individual bacterium detects phage invasion, it initiates a suicide program and dies, thereby blocking phage replication and spread, and protecting the surrounding bacterial population from infection.
Mal-Deferoxamine is a maleimide-functionalized trihydroxamate siderophore derivative that can be isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. Mal-Deferoxamine possesses highly specific Fe (III) chelating ability, and the stability of complexes formed between it and non-Fe (III) metal ions is significantly lower. Mal-Deferoxamine exhibits growth inhibitory effects against Gram-positive bacteria, but shows no obvious inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MIC>50 μM). Mal-Deferoxamine is mainly suitable for scientific research in hematology and related fields .
sCy5DA is a is a fluorescent D-amino acid . sCy5DA incorporates into bacterial peptidoglycan layers and cross-links via transpeptidase action, replacing peptidoglycan stem peptide D-amino acids. sCy5DA labels live bacterial cell walls, nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis sites, and diverse bacterial species including Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and mycobacteria (Ex/Em = 646/665 nm) .
Antifungal agent 158 is an α-pyrone derivative that can be found in Trichoderma harzianum, exhibiting antifungal activity against select plant-pathogenic fungi, including Chaetomium spp., Curvularia lunata, and Aspergillus flavus. Antifungal agent 158 is non-toxic to greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants. Antifungal agent 158 can be used for research on Aspergillus flavus infection .
PBP10 is a decapeptide. PBP10 selectively binds to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). PBP10 penetrates cell membranes and possesses bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, cell motility-inhibiting and actin assembly-regulating activities. PBP10 is applicable to relevant research on bacterial infections, microbe-induced inflammation, skin and soft tissue infections, as well as sepsis .
Tritrpticin is a porcine-derived antimicrobial peptide with properties such as membrane disruption and hemolysis. Tritrpticin disrupts the cell membranes of bacteria, fungi and Jurkat T cell leukemia cells and induces their death. Tritrpticin also enhances the efficacy of Metronidazole (HY-B0318) against *Trichomonas vaginalis*, reduces plasma endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine levels, restricts bacterial growth in blood and visceral tissues, decreases the mortality rate of septic shock in rats and enhances the therapeutic effect of ertapenem. Tritrpticin exhibits selective cytotoxicity against Jurkat T cell leukemia cells, while showing low toxicity to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and red blood cells, and can serve as a template for antimicrobial peptide design. Tritrpticin can be applied to research related to bacterial infections, fungal infections, trichomoniasis, septic shock and leukemia .
Trioxacarcin B (TXN-B) is a potent cytotoxic agent and DNA-targeted inhibitor. Trioxacarcin B disrupts DNA function and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Trioxacarcin B not only effectively inhibits the growth of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as Plasmodium falciparum, but also blocks the colony formation of cancer stem cells, significantly reduces tumor volume and prolongs survival in preclinical in vivo models. The activity of Trioxacarcin B is highly dependent on its intact spiro-epoxide structure; it loses efficacy once this moiety undergoes hydrolysis, and Trioxacarcin B shows no activity against fungi, microalgae and small RNA viruses. Trioxacarcin B can be used for research on bacterial infections, malaria, and various cancers including colon cancer and melanoma .
MA220607 is a FtsZ protein inhibitor with activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MA220607 inhibits bacterial growth and shows low bacterial resistance frequency. MA220607 increases bacterial membrane permeability and alters proton gradients. MA220607 blocks the formation of bacterial biofilms. MA220607 can be used in studies of bacterial infections .
Fenaminosulf is a plant immune modulator and mutagen. Fenaminosulf impairs plant immune recognition and signal transduction by inhibiting the activities of key kinases such as Xa21 and PBL19, thereby regulating the expression of genes related to hormone metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interactions. Fenaminosulf affects the growth and gall formation of Zizania latifolia in a concentration-dependent manner. Fenaminosulf induces mutations in bacterial systems and causes plant chromosome aberrations, but shows no mutagenic activity or lethal effect in Drosophila melanogaster. Fenaminosulf exhibits inconsistent carcinogenicity in rat studies .
Moenomycin complex is a class of antibacterial agents and PBP inhibitors, with Kd values ranging from 94 nM to 1690 nM against various bacterial PBPs. Moenomycin complex inhibits bacterial growth by blocking the transglycosylase activity of class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Moenomycin complex is used in the research of bacterial infections .
Plipastatin A1 (Fengycin IX; SNA-60-367-3) is a lipopeptide with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. Plipastatin A1 inhibits conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea in vitro and reduces the incidence of gray mold on tomato leaves. Plipastatin A1 is applicable to research related to gray mold [1][2].
RWJ-49815 is a histidine kinase inhibitor. RWJ-49815 inhibits the autokinase activity of purified GST-Sln1 and the autophosphorylation of KinA in vitro. RWJ-49815 acts as a fungal growth inhibitor . RWJ-49815 serves as a bactericide against Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. RWJ-49815 is applicable to research related to fungal infections and Gram-positive bacterial infections .
DNA gyrase/Topo IV-IN-3 is an inhibitor of Escherichia coliDNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV, with IC50 values of 1.75 μM and 3.47 μM, respectively. DNA gyrase/Topo IV-IN-3 acts as a biofilm inhibitor and exhibits antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. DNA gyrase/Topo IV-IN-3 can be used in studies related to bacterial infections .
Xanthobaccin A is a potent antibiotic that can be isolated from the culture fluid of Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SB-K88. Xanthobaccin A exhibits activity against fungi and G+ bacteria, induces zoospore immobilization and lysis, inhibits mycelial growth. Xanthobaccin A can be used for the research of beet damping-off disease, bacterial and fungal infection .
Andrimid is a peptide Antibiotic and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor. Andrimid is produced by symbiotic bacteria of the genus *Enterobacter* residing in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Andrimid exhibits strong specific activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Andrimid shows no or only weak activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including most plant pathogenic bacteria. Andrimid can be used in studies related to bacterial infections and rice bacterial blight .
Antibacterial agent 307 is an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 307 shows MICs of 1-4 μg/mL against Gram-positive bacteria, moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria, low hemolytic toxicity, and excellent plasma stability. Antibacterial agent 307 compromises bacterial membrane integrity via increased permeability and depolarization, induces endogenous ROS accumulation, causes cytoplasmic protein and nucleic acid leakage, and drives rapid bacterial cell death. Antibacterial agent 307 can be used for the research of bacterial infection .
Dehydrozingerone is a ginger-derived component and cyclin D1 inhibitor that downregulates cyclin D1 expression and induces cell cycle G1 phase arrest. Dehydrozingerone reduces the proliferative capacity of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells under in vitro conditions. Dehydrozingerone reduces subcutaneous tumor growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Dehydrozingerone exerts antibacterial and antifungal activities via its α,β-unsaturated carbonyl conjugated system. Dehydrozingerone can be used in studies related to castration-resistant prostate cancer, bacterial infections, and food spoilage fungal infections .
Ristomycin sulfate is an antibacterial antibiotic and platelet aggregation inducer. Ristomycin sulfate interacts with the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of bacterial cell wall precursors to regulate bacterial cell wall synthesis. Ristomycin sulfate induces platelet aggregation in vitro and inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Ristomycin sulfate serves as an in vitro diagnostic compound for detecting von Willebrand factor activity. Ristomycin sulfate is applicable to research related to von Willebrand disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome .
Negundoside is an iridoid glycoside compound. Negundoside exhibits hepatoprotective effects, reduces ROS, lipid peroxidation and intracellular calcium ion levels, and prevents the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis (apoptosis). Negundoside has neuroprotective effects, improves behavioral deficits, alleviates oxidative damage, and ameliorates cerebral infarction. Negundoside also possesses antibacterial and antiparasitic activities .
Cajanol is an isoflavanone that can be isolated from the roots of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. . Cajanol inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces cancer cell apoptosis. Cajanol promotes the expression of Bax, inhibits the expression of Bcl-2, activates caspase-9 and caspase-3, induces PARP cleavage, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, generates ROS, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and triggers cytochrome c release. Cajanol induces bacterial DNA damage, disrupts bacterial cell membranes, and exerts antibacterial activity in vitro. Cajanol reduces the expression of PI3K, inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB, downregulates the expression and transport function of P-gp, restores the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells to Paclitaxel, and inhibits the growth of Paclitaxel-resistant metastatic ovarian tumors. Cajanol is applicable to research related to breast cancer, ovarian cancer and bacterial infections .
Tuberactinomycin-O is a peptide antibiotic belonging to the tuberactinomycin family. Tuberactinomycin-O inhibits the growth of various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium ATCC 607. Tuberactinomycin-O exhibits acute toxicity in male mice when administered intravenously. Tuberactinomycin-O can be used in the research of tuberculosis .
Nifurpipone is an orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. Nifurpipone acts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and reduces bacterial loads in systemic, intramuscular and urinary tract infections in mouse models. Nifurpipone can be used in studies related to bacterial infections .
GKL003 is a bacterial transcription inhibitor that targets the RNAP-σ interaction interface, with a Ki of 5.79 nM. GKL003 specifically binds to the RNAP β' clamp helix region at the σ A factor binding site, blocks the formation of RNAP holoenzyme, and inhibits the formation of bacterial transcription initiation complexes. GKL003 inhibits the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells, and also exhibits activity against drug-resistant strains .
Tetralin (1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene) is an Antibacterial agent. Tetralin inhibits the growth of E. coli and Arthrobacter strain T2. Tetralin serves as a probe molecule for cracking and hydrotreating the light cycle oil .
Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is a potent antifungal inhibitor of chitin synthesis. Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is potently antifungal against human pathogenic Candida species (IC50 = 1-2 μM). Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is detected in feijoa cultivars with high antifungal bioactivity. Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione can be used for the research of fungal infections .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide) dihydrochloride is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
4-Methylherniarin (7-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin) is a coumarin derivative and fluorescent label, has an antimicrobial activitiy against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial stains. 4-Methylherniarin displays good activity against B. subtilis and S.sonnei with IC50 values of 11.76 μg/ml and 13.47 μg/ml .
sCy5DL-amide is an amidated fluorescent D-amino acid conjugated to Sulfo-Cyanine 5, and a peptidoglycan labeling agent. sCy5DL-amide incorporates into bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall via transpeptidase-mediated reactions, replacing the fourth or fifth D-amino acid of the peptidoglycan stem peptide for visualization of nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis. sCy5DL-amide produces clear cell outline, septum labeling, and high localization density in Bacillus subtilis, including a 'V-shape' pattern at cell-cell contact areas. sCy5DL-amide exhibits robust incorporation into Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria, with reduced incorporation into Gram-negative bacteria (Ex/Em = 646/666 nm) .
RADA is a fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA) with high photostability and thermostability, which emits yellow-to-orange fluorescence. RADA shows low outer membrane permeability in wild-type Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but it targets penicillin-binding proteins and L,D-transpeptidases, mimics the interaction between acyl acceptors and enzyme intermediates, and integrates into peptidoglycan during biosynthesis. As a peptidoglycan labeling reagent, RADA metabolically integrates into the nascent peptidoglycan of live bacterial cells, labels the peptidoglycan at the poles and lateral walls of mycobacteria, and enables visualization of peptidoglycan synthesis and remodeling processes. RADA serves as a non-specific stain for fixed cells, is non-toxic to bacterial cells, and its red-shifted excitation/emission spectra reduce phototoxicity. RADA also supports virtual pulse-chase labeling experiments and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy for sub-diffraction-limited imaging of bacterial cell walls .
RMR-Tre is a fluorescent probe targeting the mycobacterial acyltransferase Ag85. Under the catalysis of Ag85, RMR-Tre undergoes 6-position mycoloylation and anchors to the mycobacterial membrane, while achieving fluorescence activation by inhibiting the intramolecular twisted charge transfer state transition. RMR-Tre can distinguish live mycobacteria from dead ones through metabolism-driven labeling, enabling rapid, wash-free, low-background detection of viable bacteria. RMR-Tre reports the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the trehalose catalytic shift activity readout associated with TreS. In addition, RMR-Tre can be combined with flow cytometry or high-content imaging techniques to visualize and quantitatively analyze the metabolic heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis related to persistence and drug resistance. RMR-Tre is widely used in tuberculosis-related research .
sCy5DA is a is a fluorescent D-amino acid . sCy5DA incorporates into bacterial peptidoglycan layers and cross-links via transpeptidase action, replacing peptidoglycan stem peptide D-amino acids. sCy5DA labels live bacterial cell walls, nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis sites, and diverse bacterial species including Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and mycobacteria (Ex/Em = 646/665 nm) .
Sucrose monolaurate is a glycolipid surfactant . Sucrose monolaurate interacts with bacterial DNA, disrupts cell membrane permeability, and exerts excellent inhibitory and bactericidal effects against a variety of foodborne pathogens (especially Gram-positive bacteria). Sucrose monolaurate significantly reduces liquid surface tension, and acts as a synergist for chlorine-based disinfectants in food cleaning and disinfection to improve the removal efficiency of pathogens on the surface of agricultural products .
Pisiferic acid is an antibacterial agent with inhibitory activity against Gram-negative/positive bacteria such as P. vulgaris, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Pisiferic acid can be used to study bacterial infections .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide) dihydrochloride is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
PBP10 is a decapeptide. PBP10 selectively binds to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). PBP10 penetrates cell membranes and possesses bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, cell motility-inhibiting and actin assembly-regulating activities. PBP10 is applicable to relevant research on bacterial infections, microbe-induced inflammation, skin and soft tissue infections, as well as sepsis .
Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) is an antibiotic, and shows antimicrobial activity. Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) can inhibit A. baumannii, as well as Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus. Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) can be used in microbial infection research .
Plipastatin A1 (Fengycin IX; SNA-60-367-3) is a lipopeptide with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. Plipastatin A1 inhibits conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea in vitro and reduces the incidence of gray mold on tomato leaves. Plipastatin A1 is applicable to research related to gray mold [1][2].
RW3 (MP196) is a small cationic antimicrobial hexapeptide. RW3 targets the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits cellular respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 exhibits high bioactivity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis 168 (MIC of 2 µg/mL). RW3 causes shrinking of murine erythrocytes. RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal research .
Tritrpticin is a porcine-derived antimicrobial peptide with properties such as membrane disruption and hemolysis. Tritrpticin disrupts the cell membranes of bacteria, fungi and Jurkat T cell leukemia cells and induces their death. Tritrpticin also enhances the efficacy of Metronidazole (HY-B0318) against *Trichomonas vaginalis*, reduces plasma endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine levels, restricts bacterial growth in blood and visceral tissues, decreases the mortality rate of septic shock in rats and enhances the therapeutic effect of ertapenem. Tritrpticin exhibits selective cytotoxicity against Jurkat T cell leukemia cells, while showing low toxicity to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and red blood cells, and can serve as a template for antimicrobial peptide design. Tritrpticin can be applied to research related to bacterial infections, fungal infections, trichomoniasis, septic shock and leukemia .
Sublancin is an antimicrobial peptide, which inhibits DNA replication, transcription and translation, without affecting membrane integrity. Sublancin suppresses glucose uptake for the competition of phosphotransferase system (PTS). Sublancin inhibits B. subtilis strain 168 ΔSPβ with MIC of 0.312 μM .
G(IIKK)3I-NH2 is an antimicrobial peptide. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 exhibits potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 has low toxicity to primary cells and mice, and G(IIKK)3I-NH2 is not easy to induce bacterial resistance. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 can be used in the research of anti-infection agents .
Iturin A-2 is a cyclic lipopeptide discovered in B. subtilis and exhibits inhibitory activity against the plant pathogenic fungus P. expansum (MIC = 8 µg/disk). Iturin A-2 is cytotoxic to MCF-7 and BT474 breast cancer cells, as well as HeLa cervical cancer cells, with IC50 values of 66.81, 95.04, and 77.5 µg/mL, respectively. In greenhouse studies, Iturin A-2 at concentrations of 100 and 300 mg/kg Iturin A-2 reduces the lesion area of southern corn leaf blight caused by B. maydis, and in field studies, concentrations of 300 and 500 mg/kg Iturin A-2 reduce the incidence of the disease. Iturin A-2 (12.5 µg/mL) inhibits cell division, but not nuclear division, in isolated fertilized starfish eggs .
Gageotetrin A is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin A has antifungal activity, but none toxic to numerous human cancer cells .
Gageotetrin C is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin C is more active against fungi (MIC value is 0.02-0.04 μM) .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
c(R3W4V) is an antimicrobial peptide. c(R3W4V) has a relatively stable transmembrane structure. c(R3W4V) has IC50 values of 0.27 μM, 0.46 μM, and 0.05 μM for E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis, respectively .
LMW peptide is an antimicrobial peptide. LMW peptide is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial, such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, V. cholera .
Im5, an antimicrobial peptide, has antibacterial (MIC: 10, 2.5-5, 0.5-1 μM for E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis respectively) and hemolytic activity (EC50: 28 μM) .
PP102 is an antimicrobial peptide is active against gram-positive B. subtilis (MIC: 25 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 13.3 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 63 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 23 uM) .
Aurein 3.1 is an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 80, 50, 50, 50, 50 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis) .
Aurein 2.6 is an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 25, 25, 30, 25, 30 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis) .
MCF is an antimicrobial peptide derived from bee venom. MCF has activity against E.coli W 160-37, S.aureus 8530 and B.subtilis, the MIC values are 35-45 μg/ml, 25-35 μg/ml and 15-25 μg/ml .
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobial peptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin 68 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 68 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 18.8, 9.4, 37.5, 9.4 μg/mL). Maximin 68 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
PP113 is an antimicrobial peptide is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, E.coli (MIC: 73.3 uM), B. subtilis (MIC: 23.3 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 13 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 16.7 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 23.3 uM) .
PP13 is an antimicrobial peptide, and is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria E.coli (MIC: 16.7 uM), B. subtilis (MIC: 13.3 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 23.3 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 8.0 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 9.0 uM) .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
L-Isoleucine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Isoleucine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Isoleucine is an orally active branched chain amino acid, which is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine. L-Isoleucine has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. L-Isoleucine regulates the inflammatory response to protect against pathogens in vivo and in vitro .
Latarcin 2a is a linear cationic antibacterial peptide that can be isolated from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Latarcin 2a has a MIC of 0.5 μM for both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Latarcin 2a is often used in the research of infectious conditions .
Surfactin C2 is a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis A18 with antifungal activity. Surfactin C2 acts against Heterobasidion annosum and Heterobasidion parviporum. Surfactin C2 exerts its activity mainly through membrane‑active effects to disrupt fungal cell structures and inhibit mycelial growth. Surfactin C2 can be used for the research of butt rot and root rot of conifers .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate (S-2251 acetate) is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
ZM-804 is a cationic α-helix antimicrobial peptide. ZM-804 targets bacterial cell membranes. ZM-804 demonstrates antimicrobial activity and prevents the infection of tomato plants by Pst DC3000. ZM-804 inhibits the growth of B. subtilis and E. coli (the same MICs of 41.10 μg/mL). ZM-804 exhibits low hemolytic activity .
Enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside, is isolated from extracts derived from fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Enfumafungin is an antifungal compound that is acting on the fungal cell wall, as the (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin is specific for yeasts and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis .
Thiocillin I is a thiopeptide antibiotic and has in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains. The MIC values of Thiocillin I against S. aureus 1974149, E. faecalis 1674621, B. subtilisATCC 6633 and S. pyogenes 1744264 are 2 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively .
Rhodomyrtone is an antibiotic that can be found in the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Rhodomyrtone kills Gram-positive bacterial cells without causing bacteriolysis. Rhodomyrtone exhibits activity against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus salivarius. Rhodomyrtone is applicable to studies related to bacterial infections .
Gypsogenin is a selective mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki=19.99 μM) that also exhibits significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Gypsogenin inhibits tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis. Gypsogenin displays antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and often serves as a key parent nucleus for the synthesis of anticancer compounds. Gypsogenin is widely used in research on Alzheimer's disease and various cancers including colon cancer, melanoma, and leukemia .
N2-Acetylguanine is a C2-modified guanine. N2-Acetylguanine binds GR (guanine-guanine riboswitch) with an Kd value of 300 nM. N2-Acetylguanine modulate transcriptional termination. N2-Acetylguanine has the potential for the research of antimicrobial agent .
Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 µg/disk .
Angustifoline, an alkaloid, can be isolated from Lupinus angustifolius L. alkaloid extract. Angustifoline exhibits antimicrobial activity. Angustifoline could have bacteriostatic effects against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. thuringiensis .
Macrocarpal A (10-epi-Eucarobustol F) is an antibacterial agent, which can be isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus macrocarpa. Macrocarpal A inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 (minimum inhibitory concentration below 0.2 µM) and Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.4 µM) .
Eicosane is an alkane with anti-microbial effects. Eicosane inhibits the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Eicosane is used to form candles .
Eremomycin (MM 45289) is a potent glycopeptide antibiotic closely related to Vancomycin (HY-B0671). Eremomycin shows antibacterial activity in Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus subtilisATCC6633, with the MIC values of 0.03-1.6 μg/mL .
Sideroxylonal A is an effective marine antifouling agent isolated from Eucalyptus jensenii. Sideroxylonal A has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacilus subtilis .
Macatrichocarpin A is a flavanone with anti-bacterial activity. Macatrichocarpin A inhibits Bacillus subtilis with MIC value of 26.5 μM. Macatrichocarpin A can be isolated from the leaves of Macaranga trichocarpa .
(R)-Mucronulatol is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Astragalus adsurgens. (R)-Mucronulatol shows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia carotovora and Bacillus subtili, with MICs of 15.5, 15.5, 7.8, 7.8, 15.5 μg/mL respectively .
Orthosporin ((+)-Orthosporin), a phytotoxic isocoumarin compound, is a microbial secondary metabolite. Orthosporin can be isolated from the endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia tbeobromae. Orthosporin has potent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Orthosporin also has antioxidant activity against DPPH radical and antiviral activities with inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity .
Mazethramycin B (Compound II) is an antitumor antibiotic. Mazethramycin B can be isolated from the Streptomyces thioluteusM ME561-L4. Mazethramycin B has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (such as MICs of 1.56 and 6.25 μg/mL for the bacteria Bacillus subtilis PCI 219 and the fungus Candida pseudotropicalis, resepectively). Mazethramycin B significantly increases survival in L1210 leukemia mice model .
Massarigenin C is a compound that can be isolated from Massarina tunicata. Massarigenin C has inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) .
Filiformin ((-)-Filiformin) is a sesquiterpene compound that can be isolated from Laurencia filiformis forma heteroclada. Filiformin exhibits certain cytotoxicity against P388 and BSC-1 cells. Filiformin has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. In addition, Filiformin can inhibit oxygen uptake in isolated rat liver mitochondria at a concentration of 150 μM .
Nanangenine C is a drimane sesquiterpene that has been found in Aspergillus. It is active against B. subtilis (IC50 = 5.7 μg/ml) and cytotoxic to NS-1 mouse myeloma cells (IC50 = 4.1 μg/ml).
Ophiobolin H is a fungal metabolite that can be isolated from Aspergillus ustus. Ophiobolin H inhibits growth of Bacillus subtilis cultures. Ophiobolin H induces hyperacusia in day-old chicks at rates up to 375 mg/kg .
Blepharotriol is a phenolic triterpene that can be found in Maytenus blepharodes. Blepharotriol shows antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 8-4 µg/ml for Bacillus subtilis. Blepharotriol shows cytotoxic activity with IC50s of 12.2, >20, >20 µM for HeLa, Hep-2, Vero cells, respectively .
Rhizocarpic acid (Compound 2) is a secondary metabolite of lichen. Rhizocarpic acid effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as murine myeloma NS-1 cells. Rhizocarpic acid is an antioxidant and an insect antifeedant with an ED50 of 71 μmol/g dry weight against neonate larvae of the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis .
Rhizocticin A is an antifungal phosphono-oligopeptide against Ascodesmis, Plicaria, Rhizoctonia with MIC of 3.5 μg/mL. Rhizocticin A produces toxic L-2-Amino-5-phospho-3-cis-pentenoic acid (L-APPA), which may interfere with cell metabolism .
Pachybasin is a major metabolite from culture broth of endophytic coelomyceteous AFKR-18 fungus. Pachybasin showes antimicrobial activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, M. luteus, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, A. niger, and A. flavus, with MIC values of 64.0 μg/mL, and against S. aureus and F. oxysporum with MIC values of 32.0 and 16.0 μg/mL respectively .
Altersolanol A (Stemphylin; NSC 173943) exhibits antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC of 25-100 μg/mL. Altersolanol A exhibits no phytotoxicity to Taxus (at dose of 4 μg/μL) .
Aranciamycin A is an anthracyclic antibiotic and can be isolated from Streptomyces. Aranciamycin A shows antibacterial activity against M. bovis and B. subtilis with the MIC values of 30 and 7.5 µM, respectively .
Talaroderxine D (compound 4) has biofilm inhibitory effect. Talaroderxine D shows antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 2.1 and 8.3 μg/mL .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Lantic acid is a triterpenoid compound possessing antimicrobial activity. Lantic acid exhibits inhibitory effects on a broad range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with particular potency against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Lantic acid is utilized in the research and development of antimicrobial agents .
Bactobolin (Compound 1) is an antibiotic, which inhibits Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 0.3-6.25 μg/mL. Bactobolin exhibits antitumor efficacy against leukemia, with a LD50 value of 6.25-12.5 mg/kg .
Kumbicin C is a bis-indolyl benzenoid compound from an Australian soil fungus, Aspergillus kumbius. Kumbicin C inhibits the growth of mouse myeloma cells and the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis .
Angustifoline hydrochloride, an alkaloid, can be isolated from Lupinus angustifolius L. alkaloid extract. Angustifoline hydrochloride exhibits antimicrobial activity. Angustifoline hydrochloride could have bacteriostatic effects against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. thuringiensis .
Stromemycin is a stromelysin inhibitor. Stromemycin exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis when used alone. Stromemycin shows a significant increase in antibacterial efficacy when combined with Compound 5. Stromemycin does not possess a significant cell-killing effect on HCT-116 cells .
Rubiginone D2 is an antibiotic, which exhibits antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Rubiginone D2 exhibits antitumor efficacy, inhibits proliferations of cancer cells HM02, Kato III, HepG2 and MCF7, with GI50s of 0.1, 0.7, <0.1 and 7.5 μM, respectively .
Galbinic acid (α-Acetylsalazinic acid), a lichen acid, shows antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus (MICs=62.5, 62.5, 250 μg/ml, respectively). Galbinic acid inhibits the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli (MIC=125 μg/ml) .
Burnettramic acid A is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Aspergillus burnettii. Burnettramic acid A exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activities, with IC50 of 0.2, 0.5, 2.3 and 5.9 μg/mL, for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Burnettramic acid A exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell NS-1 with IC50 of 13.8 μg/mL .
DC-86-M is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Streptomyces luteogriseus. DC-86-M exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio anguillarum, and Proteus vulgaris, with MIC <1 μg/mL. DC-86-M exhibits antitumor activity against mouse sarcoma 180 with LD50 of 25 mg/kg .
Pycnophorin significantly inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus with equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 25 μM.
Enfumafungin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Enfumafungin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside, is isolated from extracts derived from fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Enfumafungin is an antifungal compound that is acting on the fungal cell wall, as the (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin is specific for yeasts and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis[1][2].
Atrovenetin is an antibiotic found in Penicillium species. Atrovenetin has inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Atrovenetin is also a potent antioxidant.
Peptaibolin has anti-Gram-positive bacteria and yeast activity, but the antibacterial activity is weak. Peptaibolin inhibits SubtilisATCC 6633 and candida albicans with MICs (μg/mL) of 100, 100, respectively .
Seitomycin is an anthraquinone antibiotic. Seitomycin has moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and green Streptomyces chlorophyllus .
A mixture of uvaretin (HY-N10129) and isouvaretin exhibits significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (EC50 8.7 μM) and S. epidermidis (IC50 7.9 μM).
Neorauflavene is a phenolic neorautanenia isoflavanoid isolated from Neorautanenia edulis. Neorauflavene shows antibacterial activities against E. faecalis, S. suis, S. agalactiae, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and R. anatipestifer .
Aspergillumarin B (Compound 2) is a derivative of dihydroisocoumarin. Aspergillumarin B can be isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.. Aspergillumarin B has a weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis .
Curromycin A has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Curromycin A can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inhibit mouse melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 cells .
Nonacosane (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nonacosane. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus .
Curromycin B has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Curromycin B can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inhibit mouse melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 cells .
Flavipucine (Flavipucin), a glutarimide antibiotic, is found in the strain of Aspergillus flavipes F-2090/7. Flavipucine has antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. Flavipucine has antiprotozoal activity. Flavipucine has cytotoxic activity against several cancer cells .
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Linearmycin B is an antibacterial and antifungal agent. Linearmycin B shows activity against Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa). Candida albicans (Ca), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), with MIC values of 0.097, 1.5, 0.0008, and 0.0002 μg/mL, respectively .
Epitaraxerol (compound 6) is a natural product isolated from the leaves of E. neriifolia. Epitaraxerol shows moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans and low antimicrobial activity against T. mentagrophytes, A. niger, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis .
Germicidin C is a microbial metabolite with antibacterial activity, which is found in the marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus niger. Germicidin C can inhibit the growth of various pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values ranging from 32 to 64 µg/mL .
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobial peptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Norfunalenone exhibits weak cytotoxic activity in mouse myeloma NS-1 cell line (ATCC TIB-18) with an IC50 of 70 μM. Norfunalenone also exhibits weak antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (MIC=100 μg/mL; IC50=265 μM) .
Leucomycin A4 is a macrolide antibiotic that can be extracted from S. kitasatoensis. Leucomycin A4 inhibits a variety of bacteria, including S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. diphtheriae, N. gonorrhoeae, and H. influenzae (MICs = 0.15, 1.25, 0.15, 0.6, and 0.15 µg/ml, respectively) .
Lankamycin, a macrolide antibiotic, shows moderate antimicrobial activity against several gram-positive bacteria, acting as a synergistic pair with carbocyclic antibiotic Lankacidin C (HY-121412) by binding to the ribosome exit tunnel .
Cuevaene A can be isolated from the strain of gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35 and. Cuevaene A displays moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4) .
Aspergillumarin A is a dihydroisocoumarin derivative with various biological activity. Aspergillumarin A inhibits cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.. Aspergillumarin A exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Aspergillumarin A can be used for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Leucinostatin H is a polypeptide antibiotic discovered in Paecilomyces marquandii, characterized by a tertiary amine-oxide terminal group. Leucinostatin H exhibits inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 10-100 μg/mL). Leucinostatin H holds potential for research in anti-infective and plant disease control applications .
Cuevaene B can be isolated from the strain of gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35 and. Cuevaene B displays moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4) .
Cyclamidomycin (Desdanine) is an acrylamide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cyclamidomycin inhibits nucleoside diphosphate kinase and pyruvate kinase (in E. coli) and oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. Cyclamidomycin is active against S. aureus, M. flavus, S. lutea, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. flexneri, S. typhosa, P. vulgaris, and K. pneumoniae (MICs=3.12-25 mg/ml) .
Epoxyquinomicin B is an antibiotic that can be isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella piscicida and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 6.25-12.5 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell L1210 with IC50 of 16.3 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits anti-inflammatory effects against collagen-induced arthritis .
Epoxyquinomicin A is an antibiotic that can be isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella piscicida and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 3-12.5 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell L1210, B16 and S180 with IC50 of 2-8 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits anti-inflammatory effects against collagen-induced arthritis .
Sclerotioramine (Compound 1), a red pigment, is an antioxidant compound. Sclerotioramine can be isolated from the endolichenic fungus Penicillium sp.-strain 1322P. Sclerotioramine has potent antibacterial activity with MICs of 3.125, 3.125 and 6.25 μg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Shigella dysentery, respectively. Sclerotioramine also has significant antifungal activity against Pestalotiopsis theae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Exserohilum turcicum .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Pulvinic acid dilactone (Compound 1) is a pulvinic acid derivative and Antibacterial agent. Pulvinic acid dilactone can be isolated from the lichen Candelaria concolor. Pulvinic acid dilactone moderately inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Pulvinic acid dilactone exerts positive inotropic effects. Pulvinic acid dilactone can be used in studies related to Bacillus subtilis infections and leukemia .
N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine is a key metabolic marker in the biosynthesis and maturation of colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine acts as a biomarker for detecting colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine exhibits mild growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 .
Kipukasin B is an antibacterial agent. Kipukasin B exhibits activity against the Gram-positive strain Bacillus subtilis. Kipukasin B is isolated from Aspergillus versicolor obtained from Hawaii. Kipukasin B can be used in the research of Gram-positive bacterial infections .
Xanthoangelol F is a prenylated (geranylated) chalcone and Antibacterial agent. Xanthoangelol F can be isolated from Angelica keiskei. Xanthoangelol F inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus, with an MIC of 64 μg/mL .
2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin, Germacranolide, is an Antifungal and Antibacterial agent. 2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin can be isolated from Elephantopus tomentosus Linn and E. mollis. 2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin is moderately active against Candida albicans (14 mm clearing zone) and slightly active against Escherichia coli (12 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 mm), Bacillus subtilis (14 mm), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (13 mm) .
γ-Chloronorvaline has the activity of resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serrata, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis in the synthetic medium, but has no effect on Escherichia coli .
Rugulotrosin A is an antibiotic originally isolated from Penicillium. It is active against the Gram-positive bacteria E. faecalis, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus with 99% lethal dose (LD99) values of 1.6, 3.1, 5.5, and 200 μg/mL, respectively.1 Rugulotrosin A is inactive against Gram-negative bacteria.
Nanangenine F is a drimane sesquiterpenoid with weak antibacterial and anticancer activities. Nanangenine F inhibits Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) with an IC50 of 78 µg/mL. Nanangenine F inhibits NS-1, DU-145, MCF-7 and human fibroblast NFF cells with IC50s of 49 µg/mL, 95 µg/mL, 49 µg/mL, and 84 µg/mL, respectively .
Sedoheptulose is a heptulose. Sedoheptulose, in the form of phosphate esters, functions as a metabolic intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. Sedoheptulose serves as a starting material for the chemical synthesis of pseudoaminosugars and chiral substituted furans .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
Monascorubrin is a compound that can be isolated from Monascus mycelia. Monascorubrin has activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory. Monascorubrin also has certain embryotoxicity, with an ED50 of 4.3 μg for chicken embryos. Monascorubrin can be used for the research of tumors and inflammatory diseases .
14-epi-Berkeleylactone F (Compound 8) is a C-14 epimer of Berkeleylactone F (HY-N8386). 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F can be isolated from Penicillium turbatum NRRL 5630. 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F has no significant biological activity against bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli), fungi Candida albicans, the parasite Giardia duodenalis and NS-1 murine myeloma cells .
10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
4'-O-Methyl-8-prenylnaringenin is a prenylated flavonoid compound with antibacterial activity, which can be isolated from propolis of the Solomon Islands. 4'-O-Methyl-8-prenylnaringenin exerts its antibacterial activity by enhancing cell penetration and damaging bacterial cell membranes or cell walls. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are 32 μg/mL, 32 μg/mL, and 128 μg/mL, respectively .
Linearmycin A is a polyene antibiotic that has been found in Streptomyces. It is active against the bacteria S. aureus and E. coli (MICs=3.1 and 1.6 μg/disc, respectively), the fungi S. cerevisiae and C. albicans (MICs=0.1 and 1.6 μg/disc, respectively), and the plant pathogenic fungus A. niger in disc assays (MIC=0.2 μg/disc). Linearmycin A induces lysis and degradation of B. subtilis as a component of Streptomyces Mg1 extract.
Evoxine (Haplophytin B) is a compound that selectively inhibits CO2-induced immunosuppression and has activity in inhibiting the expression of interleukin-6 and chemokine CCL2 in human THP-1 macrophages. Evoxine shows antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, especially performing well in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Evoxine extracts may find application in crude drug preparations in West Africa, provided that their in vivo toxicity results are negative .
10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Isopteropodine is a positive modulator that selectively acts on muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Isopteropodine has an EC50 of 9.92 μM for acetylcholine and 14.5 μM for 5-HT. Isopteropodine also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs of 150 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Isopteropodine enhances receptor function by increasing the affinity of agonists for receptors and can also inhibit the growth of specific Gram-positive bacteria, and can be used in cognitive impairment and antibacterial research .
Sabinene hydrate is a volatile organic compound of a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol. Sabinene hydrate, as a plant secondary metabolite, is naturally present in various plants and their essential oils. Sabinene hydrate exhibits broad-spectrum but varying-intensity antibacterial activity, with the greatest sensitivity to Gram-positive bacteria, especially Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 0.0312 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.0625 mg/mL). Sabinene hydrate also shows certain sensitivity to Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, with MIC values of 0.125 mg/mL for both. Sabinene hydrate can be used in the research of the ecological functions of plant defense substances .
Ducloudine C is an alkaloid present in the roots of Aconitum duclouxii with antifungal activity. Ducloudine C has an MIC of 128 μg/mL against Candida albicans .
6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene (Compound 6) is a diterpenoid found in Premna obtusifolia with antibacterial activity. 6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene can significantly inhibit the release of the inflammatory mediator NO, with an IC50 value of 29.1 μM. 6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene can be used for the researches of infection and inflammation .
(-)-(E)-Guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats .
(-)-(E) -guggulsterone (Standard) is the analytical standard for (-)-(E) -guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) (HY-N7781). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats.
10-Undecenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Cinosulfuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cinosulfuron. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gypsogenin is a selective mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki=19.99 μM) that also exhibits significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Gypsogenin inhibits tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis. Gypsogenin displays antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and often serves as a key parent nucleus for the synthesis of anticancer compounds. Gypsogenin is widely used in research on Alzheimer's disease and various cancers including colon cancer, melanoma, and leukemia .
Aldgamycin E is a neutral macrolide antibiotic that can be derived from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lavendulae. Aldgamycin E has antibacterial activity .
Pimelic acid (Heptanedioic acid; 1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid) is a seven-carbon α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a downstream product of fatty acid synthesis. Pimelic acid is a key precursor in biotin biosynthesis. Pimelic acid can be converted to pimelic acid-CoA by the BioW enzyme, thereby bypassing exogenous biotin requirements to support growth in various biotinytrophic bacteria and fungi, and reversing antibiotic-induced inhibition of biotin synthesis. Furthermore, Pimelic acid has been proposed as a highly specific biomarker for oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Pimelic acid can be used to study retinopathy of preterm infants, oxygen-induced retinopathy, and microbial biotin metabolism .
10-Undecenoic acid (zinc salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid (zinc salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (NSC 49139) is an endogenous metabolite. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine in produced in food systems of two whey protein hydrolysates, obtained using either trypsin or proteinase from Aspergillus melleus. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can be qualitatively monitored using a stable isotope dilution assay. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can also be generated via microbial mechanisms using Bacillus subtilis. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can be oxidized to form 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, which is the intermediate in the synthesis of antilipoltic agent. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine is a volatile compound that can give a roasted peanut flavor .
Isopteropodine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isopteropodine (HY-N4157). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isopteropodine is a positive modulator that selectively acts on muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Isopteropodine has an EC50 of 9.92 μM for acetylcholine and 14.5 μM for 5-HT. Isopteropodine also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs of 150 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Isopteropodine enhances receptor function by increasing the affinity of agonists for receptors and can also inhibit the growth of specific Gram-positive bacteria, and can be used in cognitive impairment and antibacterial research .
Flindersine is an alkaloid with multiple activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties. Flindersine increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, restores the levels of renal biomarkers, and reduces blood glucose, blood lipid, and insulin levels in diabetic rats. Flindersine inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant bacteria, as well as dermatophytes, filamentous fungi, and yeasts. Flindersine reduces the viability of cancer cells and induces apoptosis. Flindersine can be used in research related to breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, bacterial infections, and fungal infections .
Micronomicin sulfate (Gentamicin C2b sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Micromonospora. Micronomicin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic close to the gentamicin-type antibiotics, exhibits a high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc (MIC=0.001-8.3 μg/ml) .
Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC50 = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus .
Carvacrol methyl ether is a carvacrol derivative isolated from plant essential oils. Carvacrol methyl ether essentially lost its antibacterial activity, exhibiting only a weak inhibitory effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the highest tested concentration of 3 g/L .
Petalostemumol G is a flavonol derivative present in Petalostemum purpureum. Petalostemum G has no antibacterial activity. Petalostemumol G is formed by air oxidation of petalostemumol .
(9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a nature product that could be isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cassonia barteri (Araliaceae) leaves. (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol has antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum, moiluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata . (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Chorismic acid is a precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and vitamins, as well as a key metabolite in tRNA modification. Chorismic acid is a critical metabolite for the synthesis of cmo 5U. Deficiency of Chorismic acid inhibits the formation of cmo 5U and mcmo 5U. Chorismic acid can be used in studies of S. typhimurium and E. coli infections .\n
Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite of lichens with a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis and has antibacterial activity. Usnic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has anticancer activity. Usnic acid inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1. Usnic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase .
Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite of lichens with a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis and has antibacterial activity. Usnic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has anticancer activity. Usnic acid inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1. Usnic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase .
1,1,3-Tris (3-indolyl) butane is an indole alkaloid. It is isolated from North Sea bacteria closely related to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 1,1,3-Tris (3-indolyl) butane shows no activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi .
Koninginin D is a potent antifungal agent that can be isolated from fungi including Trichoderma applanatum. Koninginin D inhibits growth of various fungal species including Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana and so on. Koninginin D can be used for the research of fungal infection .
Desaspidin is an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor and photophosphorylation inhibitor. Desaspidin uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, multiple chloroplast photophosphorylation pathways, and ATP synthesis linked to non-cyclic NADP reduction. Desaspidin can be used for the research of anthelmintic agent .
Antifungal agent 158 is an α-pyrone derivative that can be found in Trichoderma harzianum, exhibiting antifungal activity against select plant-pathogenic fungi, including Chaetomium spp., Curvularia lunata, and Aspergillus flavus. Antifungal agent 158 is non-toxic to greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants. Antifungal agent 158 can be used for research on Aspergillus flavus infection .
Xanthobaccin A is a potent antibiotic that can be isolated from the culture fluid of Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SB-K88. Xanthobaccin A exhibits activity against fungi and G+ bacteria, induces zoospore immobilization and lysis, inhibits mycelial growth. Xanthobaccin A can be used for the research of beet damping-off disease, bacterial and fungal infection .
Andrimid is a peptide Antibiotic and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor. Andrimid is produced by symbiotic bacteria of the genus *Enterobacter* residing in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Andrimid exhibits strong specific activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Andrimid shows no or only weak activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including most plant pathogenic bacteria. Andrimid can be used in studies related to bacterial infections and rice bacterial blight .
Ristomycin sulfate is an antibacterial antibiotic and platelet aggregation inducer. Ristomycin sulfate interacts with the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of bacterial cell wall precursors to regulate bacterial cell wall synthesis. Ristomycin sulfate induces platelet aggregation in vitro and inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Ristomycin sulfate serves as an in vitro diagnostic compound for detecting von Willebrand factor activity. Ristomycin sulfate is applicable to research related to von Willebrand disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome .
Cajanol is an isoflavanone that can be isolated from the roots of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. . Cajanol inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces cancer cell apoptosis. Cajanol promotes the expression of Bax, inhibits the expression of Bcl-2, activates caspase-9 and caspase-3, induces PARP cleavage, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, generates ROS, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and triggers cytochrome c release. Cajanol induces bacterial DNA damage, disrupts bacterial cell membranes, and exerts antibacterial activity in vitro. Cajanol reduces the expression of PI3K, inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB, downregulates the expression and transport function of P-gp, restores the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells to Paclitaxel, and inhibits the growth of Paclitaxel-resistant metastatic ovarian tumors. Cajanol is applicable to research related to breast cancer, ovarian cancer and bacterial infections .
Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is a potent antifungal inhibitor of chitin synthesis. Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is potently antifungal against human pathogenic Candida species (IC50 = 1-2 μM). Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is detected in feijoa cultivars with high antifungal bioactivity. Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione can be used for the research of fungal infections .
Nitroreductase is an enzyme that reduces nitro groups on substrates to amino groups. Nitroreductase plays a role in the bioactivation of prodrugs particularly in applications related to cancer therapeutic strategies. Nitroreductase Protein, B. subtilis (His) is the recombinant Nitroreductase protein, expressed by E. coli, with His tag.
L-arabinose isomerase is a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and plays a key role in catalyzing the conversion of L-arabinose to L-ribulose. This enzymatic activity is part of a broader biochemical pathway involved in the interconversion of sugars. L-arabinose isomerase Protein, Bacillus subtilis is the recombinant L-arabinose isomerase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
L-arabinose isomerase is a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and plays a key role in catalyzing the conversion of L-arabinose to L-ribulose. This enzymatic activity is part of a broader biochemical pathway involved in the interconversion of sugars. L-arabinose isomerase Protein, Bacillus subtilis (His) is the recombinant L-arabinose isomerase protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
Cephalosporin C deacetylase Protein, an esterase, selectively removes acetyl groups from substrates like acetylated xylose and cephalosporin C. Its catalytic activity excludes polymeric acetylated xylan and amide linkages, highlighting its nuanced, targeted deacetylation function. Cephalosporin C deacetylase Protein, Bacillus subtilis is the recombinant Cephalosporin C deacetylase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
The gucD protein is an important enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible ammonia removal of L-kynurenine to generate kynurenic acid (KA). This process is part of the tryptophan catabolic pathway and produces KA, known for its broad-spectrum antagonistic activity at excitatory amino acid receptors. gucD Protein, Bacillus subtilis is the recombinant gucD protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
YUAB is an important contributor to biofilm formation, self-polymerizing to form a hydrophobic layer with excellent stability and resistance to mechanical compression. YUAB is essential for complex colony structure, interacting synergistically with exopolysaccharides and TasA amyloid fibrils to facilitate biofilm matrix assembly. YUAB Protein, Bacillus subtilis (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is the recombinant YUAB protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
The gucD protein is an important enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible ammonia removal of L-kynurenine to generate kynurenic acid (KA). This process is part of the tryptophan catabolic pathway and produces KA, known for its broad-spectrum antagonistic activity at excitatory amino acid receptors. gucD Protein, Bacillus subtilis (His, Strep) is the recombinant gucD protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-Strep, N-6*His labeled tag.
Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate (APBADP) is an adenylosuccinate lyase substrate analog and competitive inhibitor. Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate binds to the tetramers of *Bacillus subtilis* adenylosuccinate lyase and wild-type human adenylosuccinate lyase. Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate can be used for research on adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency .
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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