Saccharides

D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. Lipopolysaccharide/D(+)-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury is a known animal model of fulminant hepatic failure.

Lactose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lactose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lactose is a β-galactoside consisting of galactose and glucose residues, the main carbohydrate in mammalian breast milk. Lactose, a macronutrient and an inducer of host innate immune responses, possesses immune modulatory functions.

Fructose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fructose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.

Xylitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Xylitol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Xylitol can be classified as polyols and sugar alcohols.

Glucosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glucosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.

D-Fructose (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Fructose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a monosaccharide found in honey, fruits, and other plants. Two D-Fructose molecules can combine to form a disaccharide, sucrose.

Amobam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Amobam. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amobam is a pesticidal.

Arabinose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Arabinose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite.

alpha-D-glucose (Standard) is the analytical standard of alpha-D-glucose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. \alpha-D-glucose is a monosaccharide that has a more significant insulin stimulating effect than beta-D-glucose[1][2].

D-Sorbitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Sorbitol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Sorbitol (Sorbitol) is a six-carbon sugar alcohol and can used as a sugar substitute. D-Sorbitol can be used as a stabilizing excipient and/or isotonicity agent, sweetener, humectant, thickener and dietary supplement.

D-Arabinopyranose (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Arabinopyranose (HY-N7082). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Arabinpyranose is is an orally active antidepressant and a growth inhibitor of C. elegans (IC₅₀ is 7.5 mM). D-Arabinpyranose can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, selectively interfere with the metabolism of D-ribose and D-fructose, and inhibit the growth of nematodes. D-Arabinpyranose can also inhibit the synthesis of cell biofilm and exert antibacterial activity. D-Arabinpyranose activates the ACSS2-PPARγ/TFEB-CRTC1 axis through the lysosomal AXIN-LKB1-AMPK pathway, inducing CRTC1 transcription, exerts antidepressant-like activity. D-Arabinpyranose is the ring-opened form of the aldopentose D-Arabinpyranose (HY-N7082).

Gluconate (D-Gluconic acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gluconate sodium (HY-B1092A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gluconate (D-Gluconic acid) sodium is an orally active glucose derivative. Gluconate sodium reduces nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Gluconate sodium inhibits ERK phosphorylation. Gluconate sodium has antioxidant and antiplatelet activation activities. Gluconate sodium has antitumor activity against colorectal cancer. Gluconate sodium improves osteoarthritis, intestinal damage and acute lung injury.

Lactulose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lactulose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lactulose (4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructose) is a poorly absorbed sugar that can be used to study constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. The drug generally begins to take effect 8 to 12 hours after administration, but it may take two days to improve constipation.

D-Lactose monohydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Lactose monohydrate (HY-B1673). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Lactose monohydrate is a sugar. D-Lactose monohydrate can be utilized by most bacteria. D-Lactose monohydrate promotes the growth of tobacco B6S3 tumor tissue. D-Lactose monohydrate is used in the research of the growth mechanism of plant tumor tissues and the sugar utilization of bacteria.

Maltopentaose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Maltopentaose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Maltopentaose is the shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as maltodextrin and is also used in a study to investigate glycation and phosphorylation of α-lactalbumin.

Nystose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nystose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nystose is a tetrasaccharide with two fructose molecules linked via beta (1→2) bonds to the fructosyl moiety of sucrose. Nystose exhibits prebiotic, immunomodulatory, and metabolism regulating activities. Nystose promotes the bone mineralization by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Raffinose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Raffinose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Raffinose (Melitose) regulates intestinal flora, inhibits TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway, and activates Nrf2 signaling pathway. Raffinose exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. Raffinose is orally active.

α-Lactose (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Lactose (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Lactose (hydrate) (α-D-Lactose (hydrate)) is the principal carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals. α-Lactose (hydrate) consists of glucose and galactose and exists in the form of two anomers, α and β. α-Lactose (hydrate) has many uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries, such as a free-flowing or agglomerating agent, a diluent for pigments, flavors, or enzymes.

D-Melibiose (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Melibiose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Melibiose is a disaccharide which is composed of one galactose and one glucose moiety in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage.

D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.