Tetrachlorohydroquinone
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) is a metabolite of Pentachlorophenol. Tetrachlorohydroquinone induces reactive oxidant stress (ROS), inhibits apoptosis and induces necrosis in primary mouse splenocytes. Tetrachlorohydroquinone increases DNA lesions and induces oxidative stress in rodents.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.37%
- CAS No.: 87-87-6
- Formula: C6H2Cl4O2
- Molecular Weight:247.89
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-W144308R
Tetrachlorohydroquinone (Standard)Standard of Tetrachlorohydroquinone -
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Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
In the presence of oxygen, Tetrachlorohydroquinone can lead to production of superoxide radicals through a cycle of autoxidation and reduction between Tetrachlorohydroquinone and its corresponding semiquinone radical under certain physiological conditions[1].
Tetrachlorohydroquinone (12.5-50 µM; 0.25-6 hr) induces obvious cytotoxicity in the splenocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Tetrachlorohydroquinone decreases the spontaneous apoptosis[1].
Tetrachlorohydroquinone (12.5-50 µM; 0.25-2 hr) inhibits caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage[1].
Tetrachlorohydroquinone (12.5-50 µM; 0.25-2 hr) leads to necrotic cell death of the splenocytes through induction of massive and sudden ROS and prolonged ROS-triggered ERK activation[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:Splenocytes isolated from male ICR mice
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Concentration:12.5 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM
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Incubation Time:0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h
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Result:Induced obvious cytotoxicity in the splenocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:Splenocytes isolated from male ICR mice
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Concentration:12.5 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM
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Incubation Time:0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 6 h
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Result:Increased the percentage of the sub-G0/G1 cells and DNA laddering.
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Cell Line:Splenocytes isolated from male ICR mice
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Concentration:12.5 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM
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Incubation Time:0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 6 h
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Result:Dramatically decreased the spontaneous apoptosis of the splenocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:Splenocytes isolated from male ICR mice
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Concentration:12.5 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM
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Incubation Time:0.25 h, 2 h
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Result:Inhibited caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 87-87-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 247.89
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Formula C6H2Cl4O2
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)O)Cl)Cl)O)Cl
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Synonyms
TCHQ; Tetrachloroquinol
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 200 mg/mL (806.81 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 4.0340 mL | 20.1702 mL | 40.3405 mL | 100.8512 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8068 mL | 4.0340 mL | 8.0681 mL | 20.1702 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4034 mL | 2.0170 mL | 4.0340 mL | 10.0851 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2689 mL | 1.3447 mL | 2.6894 mL | 6.7234 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2017 mL | 1.0085 mL | 2.0170 mL | 5.0426 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1614 mL | 0.8068 mL | 1.6136 mL | 4.0340 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1345 mL | 0.6723 mL | 1.3447 mL | 3.3617 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1009 mL | 0.5043 mL | 1.0085 mL | 2.5213 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0807 mL | 0.4034 mL | 0.8068 mL | 2.0170 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0672 mL | 0.3362 mL | 0.6723 mL | 1.6809 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0504 mL | 0.2521 mL | 0.5043 mL | 1.2606 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0403 mL | 0.2017 mL | 0.4034 mL | 1.0085 mL |
Tetrachlorohydroquinone Related Classifications
HY-W144308 Related Classifications
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