Cell Death & Disease

Mechanism of RB-E2F Pathway-Mediated Senescence-Based Tumor Suppression

Cellular senescence is a stable proliferative arrest that can arise after replicative exhaustion or stress, and its tumor-suppressive role is established as a major barrier to malignant progression.

Mechanisms of Age-Related Thymic Regeneration and Healthy Aging

Age-related thymic regeneration refers to efforts to restore the structure and T-cell-generating function lost during age-related thymic involution, a progressive decline characterized by reduced naïve T-cell production and disruption of the thymic stromal microenvironment.

Ubiquitination Regulates Tumor Metabolism and Cancer Therapy

Ubiquitination is a multistep post-translational modification that controls protein stability and diverse cellular activities, while deubiquitination counteracts ubiquitin-dependent regulation.

NLRP3 In CNS Inflammation: Neutrophils And BBB

NLRP3 is a cytosolic inflammasome sensor that assembles with ASC and caspase-1 after priming and activation signals.

Acute Pancreatitis: Pathophysiology And Inflammatory Networks

Acute pancreatitis begins with injury to pancreatic acinar cells and can progress from a self-limited local illness to systemic inflammation and multiorgan failure.

Applications And Challenges Of cfDNA Fragmentomics

Cell-free DNA fragmentomics extracts biological information from the physical patterns of circulating DNA rather than relying only on nucleotide variants.

Hepatic Cell Interactions Mediate Inflammatory And Immunological Disorders

The liver is an immunological interface in which hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, cholangiocytes, recruited myeloid cells, lymphocytes, and platelets continuously exchange signals.

Acute Pancreatitis: Mechanisms And Treatment Methods

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammatory injury of the pancreas whose clinical course ranges from self-limited disease to necrosis, sepsis, and persistent organ failure.

Entosis: A Cell-in-Cell Death Process

Entosis is a nonphagocytic cell-in-cell process in which one living cell actively enters another and may subsequently die inside the host cell.

Inflammatory Pathways Mediate Iron Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation

Inflammation reorganizes iron distribution as part of host defense, but persistent iron sequestration can impair erythropoiesis and increase oxidative stress.

Linear Ubiquitination in the Regulation of Cell Death and Disease

Linear ubiquitination is the covalent assembly of ubiquitin chains through the amino-terminal methionine, producing Met1-linked chains that differ structurally and functionally from lysine-linked ubiquitin.

Interplay Between Macrophages and Ferroptosis in Disease Therapy

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death driven by unchecked phospholipid peroxidation, whereas macrophages are phagocytic immune cells that coordinate iron recycling, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and tissue repair.

Mitochondria-Mediated Inflammation Associated with Cell Death

Mitochondria-mediated inflammation links metabolic organelle damage to innate immune sensing and cell-death outcome.

Evolution and Cutting-Edge Innovations in Cell-Death Detection Methods

Cell-death detection has evolved from static morphology to multiparameter, mechanism-aware measurement.

Erebosis: A Newly Described Cell-Death Phenomenon

Erebosis describes a cell-death-like state discovered during homeostatic replacement of enterocytes in the adult Drosophila intestine.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Pathogenic Inflammation

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease in which persistent synovial inflammation drives pain, swelling, cartilage loss, bone erosion, disability, and extra-articular comorbidity.

Therapeutic Targeting of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death

Non-apoptotic regulated cell death comprises mechanistically defined programs that kill cells without relying primarily on canonical apoptotic execution.

Apoptosis Resistance in Metastatic Cancer

Apoptosis resistance is the capacity of malignant cells to avoid caspase-dependent death despite oncogenic stress, therapy, immune attack, or loss of tissue attachment.

Non-Programmed Cell Death Induced by Homeostatic Disruption

“Non-programmed cell death” is best aligned with accidental cell death rather than treated as a distinct newly discovered pathway.

Methuosis: Macropinocytotic Cell Death Overcoming Tumor Drug Resistance

Methuosis is a non-apoptotic cell-death phenotype marked by extreme accumulation of macropinosome- and endosome-derived vacuoles, progressive cytoplasmic disruption, and loss of plasma-membrane integrity.

Lysosomal Membrane Homeostasis: Damage Repair and Disease Regulation

Lysosomes maintain an acidic, enzyme-rich lumen for degradation, nutrient recycling, signaling, and organelle quality control.

Redox Imbalance and Cancer Epigenetics

Redox imbalance and epigenetic dysregulation reinforce one another in cancer.

Epigenetic polypeptides associated with myocardial infarction

“Epigenetic polypeptides” is not a standardized myocardial-infarction category.

Common Epigenetic Factors and Mechanisms

Epigenetics comprises regulatory mechanisms that alter gene activity and cellular phenotype without changing the underlying DNA sequence.

Ferroptosis and Cardiovascular Disease

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lethal accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides.

PANoptosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

PANoptosis is an inflammatory lytic cell-death program in which pyroptotic, apoptotic, and necroptotic machinery is coordinated within a PANoptosome.

Cancer Phototherapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, And Innovations

Cancer phototherapy uses light-activated agents or optical energy to destroy malignant tissue through localized chemical, thermal, or immune-mediated damage.

Copper Metabolism And Cancer Therapy

Copper metabolism and cancer therapy focus on how tumors exploit copper homeostasis to support proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant defense, and drug resistance.

Lipid Raft Remodeling Strategies For Inducing Tumor Cell Death

Lipid raft remodeling strategies for inducing tumor cell death target cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains that compartmentalize signaling proteins.

Alkaliptosis: Ph-Dependent Cell Death Capable Of Killing Cancer Cells

Alkaliptosis is a pH-dependent regulated cell death process induced by JTC801 and characterized by lethal intracellular alkalinization, lysosomal dysfunction, and selective cancer-cell killing.

Paraptosis: A Unique Form Of Cell Death Characterized By Cytoplasmic Vacuolization

Paraptosis is a nonapoptotic programmed cell death mode defined by cytoplasmic vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilation, and resistance to classical apoptosis inhibitors.

Parthanatos: A Distinct Form Of Neuronal Death

Parthanatos is a distinct form of regulated neuronal death driven by PARP1 overactivation, poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation, mitochondrial AIF release, nuclear AIF translocation, and large-scale DNA fragmentation.

Oxeiptosis: A Cell Death Pathway That Reduces Free Radical Damage

Oxeiptosis is a ROS-sensitive, caspase-independent, non-inflammatory cell-death pathway that mitigates damage caused by radicals.

Floatptosis: Lysosomal Fusion-Associated Termination Of Cell Death

Floatptosis is a newly reported cytoplasmic vacuolization cell death pathway defined as 'Fused LysosOme-Associated Termination' in macrophages infected by a Bergeyella cardium variant.

Adcs Enter The Bispecific Era

ADCs enter the bispecific era as bispecific antibody-drug conjugates, or BsADCs, combine the tumor-targeting logic of antibody-drug conjugates with the dual-recognition capacity of bispecific antibodies.

The Interaction Between Inflammageing And Clonal Hematopoiesis And Its Impact On Disease

Inflammageing and clonal hematopoiesis form a self-reinforcing axis in aging biology.

From Antibiotic Targeting Mechanisms To The Issue Of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotics act by disrupting bacterial processes required for survival, including cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, RNA synthesis, membrane integrity, and folate metabolism.

How Wnt Signaling Preserves Stem Cell Renewal

How Wnt signaling preserves stem cell renewal describes how Wnt-regulated pathways maintain stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation balance in specialized stem cell niches.

Ferroptosis Route to Tumor Immune Remodeling

Ferroptosis route to tumor immune remodeling refers to the integration of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation with antitumor immunity, whereby ferroptotic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment and influences immune-cell function.

Cuproptosis: Copper-Dependent Cell Death and Mitochondrial Metabolism

Cuproptosis is a recently defined copper-dependent form of regulated cell death that is mechanistically distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, and is tightly linked to mitochondrial respiration and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity.

Disulfidptosis: Actin Cytoskeleton Collapse Under Disulfide Stress

Disulfidptosis is a recently identified form of regulated cell death driven by disulfide stress and characterized by collapse of the actin cytoskeleton rather than by the canonical mechanisms that define apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, or other established cell death programs.

PANoptosis: Crosstalk Between Pyroptosis, Apoptosis and Necroptosis

PANoptosis is a regulated inflammatory cell death pathway that integrates key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis and cannot be fully explained by any individual pathway alone.

The Guiding Significance of Erythrocyte "Spectosis".

Spectosis is a lytic programmed cell death pathway in mature red blood cells triggered by complement activation and involving NLRP3 signaling.

Live Cell Extrusion: A Mode of Cell Death Mediated by Energetic Stress

Live cell extrusion is a conserved mechanism that maintains epithelial cell-number homeostasis.

Necroptosis: A Key Target in Cancer & Beyond Therapeutics

Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death with characteristics of both necrosis and apoptosis, triggered by death receptors (e.

Disulfidptosis: A Promising Target For Cancer Management

Disulfidptosis is a newly identified form of programmed cell death (PCD) defined by actin cytoskeleton collapse triggered by disulfide stress.

Cuproptosis: An Emerging Target In Cancer Therapy

Cuproptosis represents a distinctive regulated cell death mode elicited by mitochondrial copper.

Ferroptosis: A Key Regulator in Cancer Therapy and Beyond

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical player in various physiological and pathological processes.