Phospho-AKT(S473) Antibody (YA5759)

Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Cell membrane; Mitochondrion intermembrane space

Tissue_specificity:This protein is expressed in prostate cancer, and its expression level gradually increases from normal to malignant (protein level) . It is expressed in all human cell types analyzed to date. The phosphorylated form of Tyr-176 is significantly increased in the progressive stages of breast cancer (i.e., from normal to hyperplastic (ADH) , ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) , invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) , and lymph node metastasis (LNMM) stages) .

P31749 has 2 isomers: P31749-1: 55686 Da (predicted); P31749-2: 48347 Da (predicted).
O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-305 and Thr-312 inhibits activating phosphorylation at Thr-308 via disrupting the interaction between AKT1 and PDPK1. O-GlcNAcylation at Ser-473 also probably interferes with phosphorylation at this site;Phosphorylation on Thr-308, Ser-473 and Tyr-474 is required for full activity (PubMed:12149249, PubMed:15047712, PubMed:15262962, PubMed:16266983, PubMed:18456494, PubMed:20481595, PubMed:20978158, PubMed:8978681, PubMed:9512493, PubMed:9736715). Phosphorylation of the activation loop at Thr-308 by PDPK1/PDK1 is a prerequisite for full activation (PubMed:9512493). Phosphorylation by mTORC2 in response to growth factors plays a key role in AKT1 activation: mTORC2 phosphorylates different sites depending on the context, such as Thr-450, Ser-473, Ser-477 or Thr-479, thereby facilitating subsequent phosphorylation of the activation loop by PDPK1/PDK1 (PubMed:15718470, PubMed:24670654). Phosphorylation at Ser-473 by mTORC2 promotes ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). Also phosphorylated at Ser-477 and Thr-479 by CDK2, facilitating subsequent phosphorylation of the activation loop by PDPK1/PDK1 (PubMed:24670654). Activated TNK2 phosphorylates it on Tyr-176 resulting in its binding to the anionic plasma membrane phospholipid PA (PubMed:20333297). This phosphorylated form localizes to the cell membrane, where it is targeted by PDPK1 and PDPK2 for further phosphorylations on Thr-308 and Ser-473 leading to its activation (PubMed:20333297). Phosphorylated at Thr-308 and Ser-473 by IKBKE and TBK1 (PubMed:21464307). Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced by interaction with AGAP2 isoform 2 (PIKE-A) (PubMed:14761976). Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced in focal cortical dysplasias with Taylor-type balloon cells (PubMed:17013611). Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced by signaling through activated FLT3 (PubMed:16266983). Ser-473 is dephosphorylated by PHLPP (PubMed:28147277). Dephosphorylated at Thr-308 and Ser-473 by PP2A phosphatase (PubMed:21329884). The phosphorylated form of PPP2R5B is required for bridging AKT1 with PP2A phosphatase (PubMed:21329884). Ser-473 is dephosphorylated by CPPED1, leading to termination of signaling (PubMed:23799035). AIM2 acts as an inhibitor of AKT1 by inhibiting phosphorylation Ser-473: AIM2 acts both by inhibiting the activity of PRKDC/DNA-PK kinase and promoting dephosphorylation by PP2A phosphatase (By similarity);Ubiquitinated; undergoes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. TRAF6-induced 'Lys-63'-linked AKT1 ubiquitination is critical for phosphorylation and activation (PubMed:19713527). When ubiquitinated, it translocates to the plasma membrane, where it becomes phosphorylated (PubMed:20059950). When fully phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus, undergoes 'Lys-48'-polyubiquitination catalyzed by TTC3, leading to its degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:20059950). Also ubiquitinated by TRIM13 leading to its proteasomal degradation (PubMed:21333377). Phosphorylated, undergoes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination preferentially at Lys-284 catalyzed by MUL1, leading to its proteasomal degradation (PubMed:22410793). Ubiquitinated via 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination by ZNRF1, leading to its degradation by the proteasome (By similarity);Acetylated on Lys-14 and Lys-20 by the histone acetyltransferases EP300 and KAT2B. Acetylation results in reduced phosphorylation and inhibition of activity. Deacetylated at Lys-14 and Lys-20 by SIRT1. SIRT1-mediated deacetylation relieves the inhibition;Cleavage by caspase-3/CASP3 (By similarity). Cleaved at the caspase-3 consensus site Asp-462 during apoptosis, resulting in down-regulation of the AKT signaling pathway and decreased cell survival (PubMed:23152800)

Interacts with BTBD10 (By similarity). Interacts with KCTD20 (By similarity). Interacts (via the C-terminus) with CCDC88A (via its C-terminus). Interacts with GRB10; the interaction leads to GRB10 phosphorylation thus promoting YWHAE-binding (By similarity). Interacts with AGAP2 (isoform 2/PIKE-A); the interaction occurs in the presence of guanine nucleotides. Interacts with AKTIP. Interacts (via PH domain) with MTCP1, TCL1A and TCL1B. Interacts with CDKN1B; the interaction phosphorylates CDKN1B promoting 14-3-3 binding and cell-cycle progression. Interacts with MAP3K5 and TRAF6. Interacts with BAD, PPP2R5B, STK3 and STK4. Interacts (via PH domain) with SIRT1. Interacts with SRPK2 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Interacts with RAF1. Interacts with TRIM13; the interaction ubiquitinates AKT1 leading to its proteasomal degradation. Interacts with TNK2 and CLK2. Interacts (via the C-terminus) with THEM4 (via its C-terminus). Interacts with and phosphorylated by PDPK1. Interacts with PA2G4 (By similarity). Interacts with KIF14; the interaction is detected in the plasma membrane upon INS stimulation and promotes AKT1 phosphorylation (PubMed:24784001). Interacts with FAM83B; activates the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade (PubMed:23676467). Interacts with WDFY2 (via WD repeats 1-3) (PubMed:16792529). Forms a complex with WDFY2 and FOXO1 (By similarity). Interacts with FAM168A (PubMed:23251525). Interacts with SYAP1 (via phosphorylated form and BSD domain); this interaction is enhanced in a mTORC2-mediated manner in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation and activates AKT1 (PubMed:23300339). Interacts with PKHM3 (By similarity). Interacts with FKBP5/FKBP51; promoting interaction between Akt/AKT1 and PHLPP1, thereby enhancing dephosphorylation and subsequent activation of Akt/AKT1 (PubMed:28147277). Interacts with TMEM175; leading to formation of the lysoK(GF) complex (PubMed:32228865). Acts as a negative regulator of the cGAS-STING pathway by mediating phosphorylation of CGAS during mitosis, leading to its inhibition (PubMed:26440888)

P31749

AKT1