Bud32
Bud32 is named after the yeast protein required for bud emergence, and its single human counterpart is TP53RK, also called EKEAP or PRPK. Rather than acting in a signaling cascade, it functions as a subunit of the KEOPS complex together with OSGEP, LAGE3, TPRKB and C14orf166, which installs the N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) modification at position 37 of tRNAs that read ANN codons. Early work reported phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 in vitro, but tRNA modification is now regarded as the principal physiological output. Hypomorphic mutations in KEOPS subunits cause Galloway-Mowat syndrome, combining microcephaly with nephrotic syndrome, linking this branch to translation fidelity.
