Mitochondrial Metabolism
Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.
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Mitochondrial Metabolism Related Products (603)
Related Products (603)
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Antibodies (52)
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Related Compound Screening Libraries (2)
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MitoSOX Red
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-D1055CAS No.: 1003197-00-9MitoSOX Red is a live cell fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria and is cell membrane permeable. MitoSOX Red enters mitochondria and is oxidized by superoxide but not by other ROS or RNS generating systems. The oxidized MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in mitochondria/nucleus, producing strong red fluorescence. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) can prevent the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.
Excitation/emission wavelength: 510/580 nm.
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CCCP
0 ImagesSynonyms: Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; Carbonyl Cyanide m-ChlorophenylhydrazoneCCCP is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler. CCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.
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Rotenone
0 ImagesRotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
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FCCP
0 ImagesSynonyms: Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazoneFCCP is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. FCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.
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Mito-TEMPO
0 ImagesMito-TEMPO is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mito-TEMPO induces mitophagy by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, restores mitochondrial membrane potential, and improves renal function and podocyte injury. Mito-TEMPO regulates Ca2+ homeostasis, inhibits Bnip3 overexpression, shortens action potential duration, and exerts antiarrhythmic effects. Mito-TEMPO reverses premature senescence, reduces trabecular bone loss, and decreases cell apoptosis. Mito-TEMPO can be used in studies of chronic kidney disease, age-related cardiac dysfunction, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and ischemic stroke.
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F16
0 ImagesF16 is a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) modulator with an EC50 of 30 μM in mice. F16 promotes PTP opening, accumulates in cancer cell mitochondria, and induces mitochondrial depolarization, swelling, cristae disruption, outer membrane rupture, ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cytochrome c release and mitochondrial uncoupling. F16 induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 (occasionally G2) phase, reduces the phosphotyrosine content of Neu, as well as the levels of phosphorylated PKB/Akt and phosphorylated MAP kinase, downregulates the protein expression levels of Neu and PKB, triggers apoptosis in cells with moderate Bcl-2 expression, and induces necrosis in cells with overexpressed Bcl-2. F16 can be used in research related to breast cancer and gastric cancer.
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Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Bay-09867 (Standard)Ciprofloxacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Ciprofloxacin exerts bactericidal effects primarily by inhibiting topoisomerase II and IV. Ciprofloxacin inhibits the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells and chondrocytes from young rats, and also activates the Akt signaling pathway and upregulates markers such as β-catenin and Nanog to maintain the morphological characteristics of stem cells. Ciprofloxacin induces significant neurotoxicity and tissue damage, including reducing serotonin and glutathione levels in the brain, inducing oxidative stress and depression-like behaviors, and causing articular cartilage damage. Ciprofloxacin can be applied to research related to infections of necrotic young permanent teeth and neurotoxicity.
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3-Methylcrotonylglycine
0 Images3-Methylcrotonylglycine is an organic acid conjugate associated with leucine catabolism that inhibits respiratory chain complex II-III, mitochondrial creatine kinase, and synaptic membrane Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylcrotonylglycine increases reactive oxygen species levels to mediate oxidative damage, while inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport, reducing tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, and interfering with intracellular energy transport and neuronal ion homeostasis. 3-Methylcrotonylglycine is a neurotoxic metabolite that accumulates in the metabolic pathway of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. 3-Methylcrotonylglycine can be used in studies related to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency.
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MPP+ iodide
0 ImagesMPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT).
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UK-5099
0 ImagesSynonyms: PF-1005023UK-5099 (PF-1005023) is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). UK-5099 (PF-1005023) inhibits pyruvate-dependent O2 consumption with an IC50 of 50 nM.
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Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-44134CAS No.: 13192-04-6Synonyms: Dimethyl α-ketoglutarateDimethyl 2-oxoglutarate (Dimethyl α-ketoglutarate) is a cell-permeable derivative of 2-oxoglutarate and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite with antioxidant properties. Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate inhibits Autophagy. Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate prevents mitochondrial damage and reduces ROS production. Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate alleviates Carbon tetrachloride (HY-Y0298)-induced liver fibrosis. Dimethyl-2-oxoglutaric acid can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cardiomyopathy.
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IACS-010759
0 ImagesSynonyms: IACS-10759IACS-010759 is an orally active, potent mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research.
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Devimistat
0 ImagesSynonyms: CPI-613Devimistat is a mitochondrial metabolism inhibitor. Devimistat is a lipoic acid antagonist that abrogates mitochondrial energy metabolism to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells.
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Ac4ManNAz
0 ImagesAc4ManNAz can be taken up by cells and is an azide-containing metabolic glycoprotein labeling reagent that selectively modifies proteins. Commonly used for cell labeling, tracking and proteomic analysis. Ac4ManNAz contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Ac4ManNAz can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
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Ciprofloxacin
0 ImagesSynonyms: Bay-09867Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
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Glibenclamide
0 ImagesSynonyms: GlyburideGlibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy.
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IMT1
0 ImagesIMT1 is a first-in-class specific and noncompetitive human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) inhibitor. IMT1 causes a conformational change of POLRMT, which blocks substrate binding and transcription in a dose-dependent way in vitro. IMT1 reduces deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels and citric acid cycle intermediates, resulting in a marked depletion of cellular amino acid levels. IMT1 has the potential for mitochondrial transcription disorders related diseases.
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BAM 15
0 ImagesBAM 15 is a mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler. BAM 15 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler.
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CTPI-2
0 ImagesCTPI-2 is a third-generation mitochondrial citrate carrier SLC25A1 inhibitor with a KD of 3.5 μM. CTPI-2 inhibits glycolysis, PPARγ, and its downstream target the glucose transporter GLUT4. CTPI-2 halts salient alterations of NASH reverting steatosis, preventing the evolution to steatohepatitis, reducing inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue, and starkly mitigating obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Antitumor activity.
