ボスカリド
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis.
商品は「研究用試薬」です。人や動物の医療用・臨床診断用・食品用の製品ではありません。
研究用途以外に使用した場合、当社は一切の責任を負いかねます。
- 純度 : 99.80%
- CAS 番号: 188425-85-6
- 分子式: C18H12Cl2N2O
- 分子量:343.21
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保管条件:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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生物活性
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化学情報
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溶剤 & 溶解度
- プロトコル
- 純度とドキュメンテーション
- 参考文献
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Help & FAQs
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HY-B0849
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HY-100410
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FluxapyroxadAntibiotic -
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Boscalid (Standard)Anti-Fungal Agent -
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2-ThenoyltrifluoroacetoneChelating Agent, Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Inhibitor, Carboxylesterase Inhibitor -
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N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanineMitochondrial Uncoupler -
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FamoxadoneFungicide Active -
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FCCP (Standard)OXPHOS Uncoupler -
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Piericidin BAntibiotic -
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Famoxadone (Standard)Anti-Fungal Agent -
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2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Standard)Chelating Agent, Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Inhibitor, Carboxylesterase Inhibitor
MedChemExpress（MCE）の使用を引用している文献 Boscalid
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生物活性
製品説明
IC50 & Target
succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)[1]
体内実験
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Tg(elavl3: EGFP) transgenic line, AB strain[2]
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Dosage:5 mg/L; 15 mg/L; 25 mg/L
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Administration:waterborne; 6 to 48 hpf (embryos); 24 h (6 dpf larvae)
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Result:Observed obscure brain regional division, blurred ventricles, malformed eyes, and decreased spontaneous tail coiling frequency at 24 hpf in embryos. Detected enlarged cerebral ventricles, reduced pigmentation, decreased neonatal neurons, defective development around ventricles, increased brain intercellular space, and concentrated nuclei at 48 hpf in embryos. Measured increased Na⁺K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺Mg²⁺-ATPase, and total ATPase activities; increased MDA content; accumulated ROS in head and heart; increased CAT activity; decreased SOD activity; decreased tyrosinase activity in embryos. Recorded decreased expression of tfap2a, tfap2e, sox10, gfap, gap43; increased then decreased expression of wnt1, mitfa, pax3a; increased expression of sliva, oca2, nestin, neurogenin1 in embryos. Found increased central area motion proportion, increased angular velocity and sinuosity; decreased total distance, average speed, movement duration, mobile/high mobile frequency and duration in larvae.
化学情報
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CAS 番号 188425-85-6
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性状 Solid
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分子量 343.21
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分子式 C18H12Cl2N2O
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
ClC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2NC(C3=C(N=CC=C3)Cl)=O
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別名
Boscalid
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輸送条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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保管条件
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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J Agric Food Chem
Transcription Repressor SsGATA2 Regulates Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Fungicides and Pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. [Abstract]2025 Jul 9;73(27):16787-16803. PMID: 40558024
溶剤 & 溶解度
体外:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (291.37 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
濃度 (開始) × 体積 (開始) = 濃度 (終了) × 体積 (終了)
体内:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.28 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
プロトコル
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
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Mammalian live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining
Live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining assays are based on the simultaneous detection of intracellular esterase activity in metabolically active (viable) cells and membrane integrity loss in non-viable cells. In commonly used dual-staining approaches, membrane-permeant fluorogenic substrates are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescent products in live cells, while impermeant DNA-binding dyes selectively enter cells with compromised plasma membranes and label nucleic acids in dead or dying cells, enabling discrimination between viable and non-viable populations by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Mitochondrial membrane-potential and mitochondrial mass staining
Mitochondrial membrane potential staining measures the electrochemical polarization across the mitochondrial inner membrane in live cells using lipophilic cationic fluorescent probes; early rhodamine-based work showed that selective mitochondrial dye accumulation is lost when the mitochondrial transmembrane potential is dissipated. JC-1 reports mitochondrial polarization by shifting from green monomer fluorescence to red J-aggregate fluorescence as dye concentration increases within energized mitochondria; therefore, the red/green fluorescence ratio is used as a relative readout of mitochondrial membrane potential. TMRE or TMRM staining provides a single-channel relative readout because these cationic rhodamine esters accumulate in polarized mitochondria, and lower fluorescence indicates reduced mitochondrial polarization when acquisition and dye-loading conditions are controlled. Mitochondrial mass staining is commonly performed with MitoTracker Green FM or related MitoTracker dyes as
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Subchronic/Chronic Toxicity Study
A subchronic/chronic oral toxicity study detects systemic adverse effects caused by repeated administration of a test article, using mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food/water intake, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, gross necropsy, and histopathology as integrated readouts. The readout reflects dose-related physiological injury, target-organ pathology, reversibility after recovery, and derivation of NOAEL, LOAEL, or related point-of-departure values when the dataset supports them.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Genotoxicity/Mutagenicity Study
The bacterial reverse mutation assay detects point mutations that restore amino-acid prototrophy in auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli tester strains; after exposure to a test article, mutagenic activity is read out as an increased number of revertant colonies on minimal agar compared with the vehicle control. The assay uses tester strains with different mutation targets so that base-substitution and frameshift mutagens can be detected, and testing is performed with and without exogenous mammalian metabolic activation because some chemicals require biotransformation to become mutagenic.
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
純度とドキュメンテーション
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データシート (280 KB)
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SDS (458 KB)
- English - EN (458 KB)
- Français - FR (458 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (458 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (458 KB)
- Español - ES (458 KB)
- Swedish - SV (458 KB)
- Italian - IT (458 KB)
- Korean - KR (458 KB)
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取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献
[1]. Moschopoulou G, et al. Development of a Portable Cell-Based Biosensor for the Ultra-Rapid Screening for Boscalid Residues in Lettuce. Biosensors (Basel). 2024;14(6):311. Published 2024 Jun 18. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wang H, et al. Characterization of boscalid-induced oxidative stress and neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Chemosphere. 2020;238:124753. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.9137 mL | 14.5683 mL | 29.1367 mL | 72.8417 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5827 mL | 2.9137 mL | 5.8273 mL | 14.5683 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2914 mL | 1.4568 mL | 2.9137 mL | 7.2842 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1942 mL | 0.9712 mL | 1.9424 mL | 4.8561 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1457 mL | 0.7284 mL | 1.4568 mL | 3.6421 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1165 mL | 0.5827 mL | 1.1655 mL | 2.9137 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0971 mL | 0.4856 mL | 0.9712 mL | 2.4281 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0728 mL | 0.3642 mL | 0.7284 mL | 1.8210 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0583 mL | 0.2914 mL | 0.5827 mL | 1.4568 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0486 mL | 0.2428 mL | 0.4856 mL | 1.2140 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0364 mL | 0.1821 mL | 0.3642 mL | 0.9105 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0291 mL | 0.1457 mL | 0.2914 mL | 0.7284 mL |
Boscalid 関連分類
HY-119976 関連分類
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Keywords
- Boscalid
- 188425-85-6
- Environmental Pollutants
- Mitochondrial Metabolism
- Fungal
- Apoptosis
- Succinate Dehydrogenase
- Alternaria alternata
- HepG2 liver cells
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
- Caco-2/HT29-MTX/Raji B cells
- Chlorella vulgaris
- honeybees
- fungal mitochondrial complex II
- succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor
- zebrafish
- Blumeriella jaapii
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit