Isotope-Labeled Hydroxy Fatty Acids

3-Hydroxybutyric acid-d₄ (sodium) is the deuterium labeled 3-Hydroxybutyric acid. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid can modulate the properties of membrane lipids.

DL-Serine-2,3,3-d₃ is the deuterium labeled DL-Serine. DL-Serine, a fundamental metabolite, is a mixture of D-Serine and L-Serine. DL-Serine has antiviral activity against the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

20-HETE-d₆ is the deuterium labeled 20-HETE.

Leukotriene C4-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Leukotriene C4. Leukotriene C4 is the parent cysteinyl leukotriene produced by the LTC4 synthase catalyzed conjugation of glutathione to LTA4.

Anandamide-d₄ (AEA-d₄) is the deuterium labeled Anandamide.

Oleic acid-d₃₄ (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid-d₃₄) is the deuterium labeled Oleic acid (HY-N1446). Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activator.

12-HETE-d₈ is the deuterium labeled 12-HETE. 12-HETE, a major metabolic product of arachidonic acid using 12-LOX catalysis, inhibits cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. 12-HETE promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB through the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway.12-HETE has both anti-thrombotic and pro-thrombotic effects. 12-HETE is a neuromodulator.

(3R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid-1-¹³C is ¹³C labeled (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid has applications as a nutrition source and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones.

Dexpanthenol-d₆ is deuterium labeled D-Panthenol. D-Panthenol is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell.

DL-Mevalonolactone-d₇ is the deuterium labeled DL-Mevalonolactone. DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone (Mevalonolactone) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (?Ψm), NAD(P)H content and the capacity to retain Ca2+ in the brain, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling.

Leukotriene E4-d₅ (LTE4-d₅) is the d-₅-labeled Leukotriene E4 (HY-113465). Leukotriene E4 is a stable final metabolite of cysteinyl leukotrienes, produced by immune cells such as mast cells and eosinophils. Leukotriene E4 serves as a key biomarker for evaluating asthma severity, Aspirin (HY-14654) sensitivity, and mast cell activation disorders. Leukotriene E4 is a full functional agonist of CysLT₁R, which induces sustained intracellular calcium mobilization and Erk phosphorylation. Leukotriene E4 mediates inflammation in a P2Y₁₂ receptor-dependent manner. Leukotriene E4 can be used in the research of asthma and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory diseases.

Leukotriene D4-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Leukotriene D4. Leukotriene D4 is one of the constituents of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) produced by the metabolism of LTC4 by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Leukotriene D4 is the first cysteinyl-leukotriene metabolite of LTC4. Leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction and enhanced vascular permeability contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and acute hypersensitivity.

9(S)-HODE-d₄ (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid-d₄) is the deuterium labeled 9(S)-HODE (HY-113455). 9(S)-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is the major active derivative of Linoleic acid (HY-N0729). 9(S)-HODE regulates the expression of miR-361-3p. 9(S)-HODE reduces cancer cell viability and induces cancer cell apoptosis. 9(S)-HODE can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia.

11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2.

3-Hydroxyoctanoic Acid-d₁₂ is the deuterium labeled 3-Hydroxyoctanoic Acid.

Lipoxin A4-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), an endogenous lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoid mediator, has potent dual pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory properties. Lipoxin A4 inhibits proliferation and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production of human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) associated with the ERK1/2 and NF-kB pathways. Lipoxin A4 inhibits serum amyloid A (SAA)-mediated IL-8 release with an IC₅₀ value of 25.74 nM.

12(S)-HETE-d8 contains eight deuterium atoms at the 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15 positions. 12(S)-HETE-d8 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 12(S)-HETE by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS). 12(S)-HETE-d8 is the predominant lipoxygenase product of mammalian platelets. It enhances tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells, fibronectin, and the subendothelial matrix at 0.1 µM.

Thromboxane B2-D4 is the deuterium labeled Thromboxane B2. Thromboxane B2 is a prostaglandin derivative that is released during anaphylaxis. Thromboxane B2 induces arterial contraction and platelet aggregation.

2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid-d₃ is the d₃ labeled 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid (HY-75954). 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is a metabolite. 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is elevated in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid does not promote the proliferation, migration or invasion of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells. 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid can be used in the research of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Propionyl CoA-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Propionyl CoA (HY-141467). Propionyl CoA serves as a common intermediate in the catabolic pathways of 1,2-propanediol and propionate in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, and also functions as a precursor for 2-methylcitrate. Propionyl CoA is utilized as a substrate for the 2-methylcitrate synthase (PrpC) enzyme to synthesize 2-methylcitrate.