LW-1
LW-1 is a fluorescent probe targeting polarity detection of lipid droplets (LD). LW-1 produces a strong solvatochromic effect via the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism: as environmental polarity increases, the emission wavelength red-shifts and the fluorescence intensity decreases significantly (emission at 557 nm in toluene and 642 nm in acetonitrile, with an 85 nm red-shift); fluorescence enhances in low-polarity lipid droplets. LW-1 can be used for lipid droplet polarity detection, differentiation between cancer cells and normal cells, monitoring of lipid droplet polarity changes under different physiological conditions such as starvation, oleic acid treatment and oxidative stress, as well as ex vivo imaging of polarity changes in lung tissues of asthmatic mice. The detection wavelength for cell imaging with LW-1 is Ex/Em = 405/500-550 nm (green channel).
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 1510814-96-6
- Formula: C26H14N2
- Molecular Weight:354.40
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Guidelines (The recommended experimental protocol below is for guidance only and should be adjusted according to your specific requirements)
1. Stock Solution Preparation
1.1 Solvent: Most dyes are typically dissolved in organic solvents, such as anhydrous DMSO.
1.2 Concentration Recommendation: It is generally recommended to prepare a high-concentration stock solution of 1-10 mM.
2. Working Solution Preparation
2.1 Diluent: Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 10 mM, 5% DMSO).
2.2 Working Concentration: 1-10 μM.
2.3 Notes: Adjust the working solution concentration as needed; prepare the solution immediately before use.
3. Staining Procedure
3.1 Sample Type Description
3.1.1 Adherent cells: HepG2, Siha, Hela, 3T3, 4T1, HL-7702 cells.
3.2 Incubation Conditions
3.2.1 Adherent cells: Incubate at 37°C for 30 min, and light avoidance is recommended during incubation.
3.3 Washing Step: After incubation, wash the cells 2-3 times with pre-warmed PBS or serum-free medium to remove free probes and reduce background fluorescence.
4. Control Setup
4.1 Unstained Control: Used to adjust instrument voltage and eliminate autofluorescence of cells.
5. Detection and Analysis
5.1 Instrument Type: Confocal microscope, fluorescence microscope.
5.2 Excitation/Emission Wavelength: Excitation wavelength is 405 nm (410 nm for spectral experiments), and the emission channel collects signals at 500-550 nm (green channel).
5.3 Result Analysis: LW-1 localizes specifically to lipid droplets, and its fluorescence intensity is negatively correlated with lipid droplet polarity-lower polarity corresponds to stronger fluorescence. Lipid droplets in cancer cells (e.g., HepG2, 4T1) have lower polarity than those in normal cells (e.g., HL-7702, 3T3), so cancer cells exhibit stronger fluorescence; starvation and oleic acid stimulation can reduce lipid droplet polarity (enhance fluorescence), while H2O2 stimulation can increase lipid droplet polarity (weaken fluorescence). Changes in lipid droplet polarity can be analyzed semi-quantitatively based on changes in fluorescence intensity.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
1. Solvent
The literature does not specify the solvent for in vivo working solution.
2. Model Establishment and Staining
2.1 Asthma model: A mouse asthma model is established via ovalbumin (OVA) induction, with the successful modeling indicated by symptoms such as sneezing, nose scratching, and tachypnea in mice.
2.2 Treatment group: Asthmatic mice are treated with Ketotifen fumarate (HY-B0157A) nasal drops for 3 days.
2.3 Grouping: Normal group, asthma group, and treatment group.
2.4 Ex vivo tissue staining: After mice are sacrificed, lung tissues are harvested to prepare sections. The sections are immersed in a working solution containing LW-1 (10 μM), incubated at 37°C in the dark for 30 min, washed with PBS, and then imaged.
2.5 Ex vivo organ imaging: After sacrifice, intact lung organs are harvested, immersed in a working solution containing LW-1 and incubated for 2 h, followed directly by fluorescence imaging at the organ level.
3. Detection and Analysis
3.1 Instrument settings: Fluorescence microscopes or animal imagers are recommended. The excitation wavelength is 405 nm, and the emission channel collects signals at 500-550 nm.
3.2 Result analysis: The fluorescence intensity of lung tissues and lung organs in asthmatic mice is significantly higher than that in normal mice, indicating reduced polarity of lipid droplets in lung tissues under asthmatic conditions; after treatment with Ketotifen fumarate, the fluorescence intensity decreases but remains higher than that in the normal group, indicating partial recovery of lung polarity after treatment. The results demonstrate that LW-1 enables the detection of lipid droplet polarity changes at both tissue and organ levels, and can be used in studies on the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of polarity-related diseases such as asthma.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1510814-96-6
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Molecular Weight 354.40
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Formula C26H14N2
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SMILES
N#C/C(C#N)=C/C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C3C=CC4=CC=CC5=CC=C(C3=C45)C=C2
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Protocols
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Lipid Droplets: Oil Red O/Sudan Dye Lipid Staining
Lipid droplets are intracellular organelles with a neutral-lipid core that stores triacylglycerols and sterol esters, and Oil Red O or Sudan dyes detect these hydrophobic lipid deposits by partitioning into retained lipids in fresh or frozen specimens. Oil Red O stains neutral triglycerides and lipids in frozen tissue sections or air-dried cytologic preparations, while Sudan Black B has also been used as a histochemical fat stain for lipid-rich tissue structures.
Purity & Documentation
References
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
LW-1 Related Classifications
HY-D3071 Related Classifications
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