Targeting Cellular Senescence in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Challenges, Considerations, and the Emerging Role of Senolytic and Senomorphic Therapies

Cellular Senescence is characterized by the permanent arrest of cell proliferation and is a response to endogenous and exogenous stress. The continuous accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) in the body leads to the development of aging and age-related diseases (such as neurodegenerative diseases, Cancer, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and Osteoarthritis). In the face of the growing challenge of aging and age-related diseases, several compounds have received widespread attention for their potential to target SnCs. As a result, senolytics (compounds that selectively eliminate SnCs) and senomorphics (compounds that alter intercellular communication and modulate the behavior of SnCs) have become hot research topics in the field of Anti-aging. In addition, strategies such as combination therapies and immune-based approaches have also made significant progress in the field of Anti-aging therapy. In this article, we discuss the latest research on Anti-aging targeting SnCs and gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action and impact of different Anti-aging strategies on aging and age-related diseases, with the aim of providing more effective references and therapeutic ideas for clinical Anti-aging treatment in the face of the ever-grave challenges of aging and age-related diseases.