Cat. No.: HY-14562

TBPB

Name: TBPB
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-14562
Price: 51.00 USD
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TBPB (tert-butyl peroxybenzoate) is a highly selective, blood-brain-permeable M1 mAChR allosteric agonist (EC₅₀=289 nM) with anti-schizophrenia and anti-inflammatory activities. TBPB can enhance the sensitivity of M1 receptors to acetylcholine, activate downstream signaling pathways, and inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). TBPB can regulate the processing of amyloid and can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease) and inflammation-related diseases (such as sepsis).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity : 99.78%
CAS No.: 634616-95-8
Formula: C₂₅H₃₂N₄O
Molecular Weight:404.55

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

TBPB Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 634616-95-8

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocols (4)
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

^[1]

mAChR1

289 nM (EC₅₀)

All mAChR Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
CHO	EC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M2 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M2 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M3 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M3 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M5 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M5 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M2 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M2 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M3 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M3 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	>30 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M5 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M5 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	255 nM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M1 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at human muscarinic M1 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	EC₅₀	79.6 nM Compound: 1, TBPB	Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M1 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response Partial agonist activity at rat muscarinic M1 receptor expressed in CHO cells calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	IC₅₀	1.29 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Antagonist activity at rat muscarinic M2 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response Antagonist activity at rat muscarinic M2 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	IC₅₀	2.3 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Antagonist activity at human muscarinic M3 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response Antagonist activity at human muscarinic M3 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	IC₅₀	3.5 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Antagonist activity at human muscarinic M2 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response Antagonist activity at human muscarinic M2 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	IC₅₀	3.97 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Antagonist activity at rat muscarinic M5 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response Antagonist activity at rat muscarinic M5 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	IC₅₀	4.9 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Antagonist activity at human muscarinic M5 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response Antagonist activity at human muscarinic M5 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	IC₅₀	493 nM Compound: 1, TBPB	Antagonist activity at rat muscarinic M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response Antagonist activity at rat muscarinic M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	IC₅₀	5.48 μM Compound: 1, TBPB	Antagonist activity at rat muscarinic M3 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response Antagonist activity at rat muscarinic M3 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO	IC₅₀	734 nM Compound: 1, TBPB	Antagonist activity at human muscarinic M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response Antagonist activity at human muscarinic M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ach-induced calcium response	[PMID: 23200253]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	6.5 nM Compound: 4, TBPB	Agonist activity at human muscarinic M1 receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as increase of acetylcholine-induced calcium flux by FLIPR assay Agonist activity at human muscarinic M1 receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as increase of acetylcholine-induced calcium flux by FLIPR assay	[PMID: 20684563]

In Vivo

TBPB (60 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; single dose; 2 h before sepsis induction) significantly reduces mortality in E. coli-induced murine sepsis model, with 20% and 23.2% decreases in 4- and 24-hour mortality, while inhibiting TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Random-bred albino mice (male/female, 18-22 g) with E. coli-induced sepsis^[3]
Dosage:

60 mg/kg
Administration:

Subcutaneous injection, single dose, 2 hours prior to sepsis induction
Result:

Reduced 4-hour mortality by 20% and 24-hour mortality by 23.2% compared to vehicle control.
Significantly decreased blood concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by 2.8-, 2.2-, and 7.3-fold respectively at 4 hours post-sepsis induction.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 634616-95-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 404.55
Formula C₂₅H₃₂N₄O
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C1N(C2CCN(C3CCN(CC4=C(C)C=CC=C4)CC3)CC2)C5=CC=CC=C5N1
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 20 mg/mL (49.44 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.4719 mL

12.3594 mL

24.7188 mL

5 mM

0.4944 mL

2.4719 mL

4.9438 mL

10 mM

0.2472 mL

1.2359 mL

2.4719 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocols

All Animals and Diseases Signal Pathway Related Histomorphology

LPS-Induced Endotoxemia/Systemic Inflammation
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia is a widely used in vivo model of acute systemic inflammation in which LPS, a Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, activates innate immune signaling primarily through TLR4, leading to rapid and transient induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in circulation and tissues. This cytokine surge is commonly used as a measurable readout of systemic inflammatory activation and immune dysregulation, and is typically assessed within hours after intraperitoneal LPS administration in mouse models of endotoxemia. The model captures key features of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, including cytokine release, immune cell activation, and downstream tissue responses, and has been used to evaluate anti-inflammatory interventions such as cytokine modulation, lipid mediators, and immune cell-targeting therapies.
Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Amyloid: Congo Red Amyloid Staining
Congo red amyloid staining is a histochemical method used to detect extracellular amyloid deposits in tissue sections based on the affinity of Congo red dye for β-pleated sheet-rich protein aggregates. When bound to amyloid, Congo red produces characteristic apple-green birefringence under polarized light microscopy, which is widely regarded as a diagnostic feature of amyloid deposition in histopathology. The diagnostic principle relies on the combination of dye binding (congophilia) and optical anisotropy under polarized illumination, which distinguishes amyloid from most non-amyloid eosinophilic extracellular deposits in routine histological evaluation. Amyloid identification by Congo red staining remains a cornerstone in diagnostic pathology despite the availability of adjunct methods such as immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, particularly because of its ability to localize deposits directly within tissue architecture. The specificity of Congo red-positive deposits is incre
Alzheimer’s Disease Modeling
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions and loss of specific types of neurons and synapses. Alzheimer's symptoms can be simulated in mice by injecting drugs (such as Aβ) or genetically modified.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (254 KB)
- English - EN (254 KB)
- Français - FR (254 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (254 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (254 KB)
- Español - ES (254 KB)
- Swedish - SV (254 KB)
- Italian - IT (254 KB)
- Korean - KR (254 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (254 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Miller NR, et al. Synthesis and SAR of analogs of the M1 allosteric agonist TBPB. Part II: Amides, sulfonamides and ureas--the effect of capping the distal basic piperidine nitrogen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Oct 15;18(20):5443-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Zhou, et al. Calorimetric and kinetic evaluation of thermal stability and process safety in tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 185 (2024): 602-613.

[3]. Zabrodskii PF, et al. Combined Effects of M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist TBPB and α7n-Acetylcholine Receptor Activator GTS-21 on Mouse Mortality and Blood Concentration of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Sepsis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017 Apr;162(6):750-753. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.4719 mL	12.3594 mL	24.7188 mL	61.7971 mL
	5 mM	0.4944 mL	2.4719 mL	4.9438 mL	12.3594 mL
	10 mM	0.2472 mL	1.2359 mL	2.4719 mL	6.1797 mL
	15 mM	0.1648 mL	0.8240 mL	1.6479 mL	4.1198 mL
	20 mM	0.1236 mL	0.6180 mL	1.2359 mL	3.0899 mL
	25 mM	0.0989 mL	0.4944 mL	0.9888 mL	2.4719 mL
	30 mM	0.0824 mL	0.4120 mL	0.8240 mL	2.0599 mL
	40 mM	0.0618 mL	0.3090 mL	0.6180 mL	1.5449 mL

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TBPB

All mAChR Isoforms