ABCG2 Protein, Human (E211Q, HEK293)

ABCG2 is an ATP-dependent transporter with broad substrate specificity belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family, which actively extrudes a wide variety of physiological compounds, dietary toxins and xenobiotics from cells; it is involved in porphyrin homeostasis, mediating the export of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) from mitochondria to cytosol and from cytosol to extracellular space, and also functions in the cellular export of heme; it mediates the efflux of sphingosine-1-P from cells; acts as a urate exporter involved in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion; in the kidney, it also functions as a physiological exporter of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (By similarity); is involved in the excretion of steroids such as estrone 3-sulfate (E1S), 3beta-sulfooxy-androst-5-en-17-one (DHEAS), and other sulfate conjugates; mediates the secretion of vitamins like riboflavin and biotin into milk (By similarity); extrudes pheophorbide a, a phototoxic porphyrin catabolite of chlorophyll, reducing its bioavailability (By similarity); plays an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain (Probable); confers cells resistance to multiple drugs and other xenobiotics including mitoxantrone, pheophorbide, camptothecin, methotrexate, azidothymidine, and the anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin by controlling their efflux; in the placenta, limits the penetration of drugs from the maternal plasma into the fetus (By similarity); may play a role in early stem cell self-renewal by blocking differentiation (By similarity); in inflammatory macrophages, exports itaconate from the cytosol to the extracellular compartment and limits the activation of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis involved in antibacterial innate immune response.