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  6. AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Mouse

AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Mouse

Cat. No.: HY-P7319
COA Handling Instructions

AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1). AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Mouse is a recombinant mouse AITRL (T47-S173) without tag, which is expressed in E.coli.

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  • Biological Activity

  • Technical Parameters

  • Properties

  • Documentation

  • References

Description

AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases[1]. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1)[2]. AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Mouse is a recombinant mouse AITRL (T47-S173) without tag, which is expressed in E.coli.

Background

GITRL (AITRL), a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). GITR, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is expressed in T cells, natural killer cells and some myeloid cells[1]. And murine GITRL has been detected on dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, macrophages, B cells, endothelial cells, osteoclasts, and microglia cells[4].
When GITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. The interaction stimulates proliferation and cytokine production of both CD4+ Teff and Treg cells, and drives antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells[3]. Besides, GITRL plays a role in EC-activation and promotes adhesion in both mice and humans, which increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the augmented expression of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1[2]. Mouse GITRL can activate signal transduction, including inducing a tolerogenic effect in DCs and pro-inflammatory stimuli in macrophages[7].
Mouse GITRL shares < 55% common aa identity with human. Murine GITRL exists as a dimer[4] GITR/GITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases[1]

In Vitro

AITRL (mouse, 5 μg/mL, 48 h) promotes the maturation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) isolated from ESS mice[5].
AITRL (mouse, 2 μg/mL, 72 h) provides moderate costimulation to Treg cell proliferation[6].

In Vivo

AITRL (mouse, 2 mg/kg, i.v.) attenuates the suppressive effect of MDSCs in ESS mice[5].

Biological Activity

The ED50 is <5 ng/mL as measured by PMBC, corresponding to a specific activity of >2 × 105 units/mg.

Species

Mouse

Source

E. coli

Tag

Tag Free

Accession

Q7TS55 (T47-S173)

Gene ID

240873  [NCBI]

Molecular Construction
N-term
AITRL (T47-S173)
Accession # Q7TS55
C-term
Synonyms
rMuActivation-inducible TNF-related Ligand/AITRL; TNFSF18; GITRL; TL-6
AA Sequence

TAIESCMVKFELSSSKWHMTSPKPHCVNTTSDGKLKILQSGTYLIYGQVIPVDKKYIKDNAPFVVQIYKKNDVLQTLMNDFQILPIGGVYELHAGDNIYLKFNSKDHIQKTNTYWGIILMPDLPFIS

Molecular Weight

Approximately 14.5 kDa

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against PBS.

Endotoxin Level

<0.2 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Documentation
References

AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Mouse Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

  • Reconstitution Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

  • Specific Activity Calculator

The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Mouse
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HY-P7319
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