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Pathways Recommended: Immunology/Inflammation
Results for "

Liver inflammation

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

137

Inhibitors & Agonists

3

Screening Libraries

1

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8

Biochemical Assay Reagents

14

Peptides

2

Inhibitory Antibodies

30

Natural
Products

9

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

2

Oligonucleotides

Targets Recommended:
Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0627
    Metformin
    Maximum Cited Publications
    196 Publications Verification

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide

    		 AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin
  • HY-17471A
    Metformin hydrochloride
    Maximum Cited Publications
    196 Publications Verification

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride

    		 AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin hydrochloride
  • HY-107859
    Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
    5+ Cited Publications

    TCEP

    		 Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis FXR Calcium Channel Toll-like Receptor (TLR) SOD Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) DNA/RNA Synthesis Interleukin Related NF-κB TNF Receptor Others
    Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a widely used organic phosphorus flame retardant, mainly used as a plasticizer. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate has orally active hepatotoxicity, inducing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) influx, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm), and causing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate directly binds to FXR, inducing obesity and the formation of fatty liver in mice. Chloroethyl) phosphate activates the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, triggering liver inflammation .
    Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
  • HY-120501
    B022
    15+ Cited Publications

    		 NF-κB Inflammation/Immunology
    B022 is a potent and selective NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibitor (Ki of 4.2 nM; IC50=15.1 nM). B022 protects liver from toxin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury . B022 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    B022
  • HY-108910
    Chymotrypsin
    2 Publications Verification

    EC 3.4.21.1; Chymotrypsin A

    		 Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NF-κB MMP Others Inflammation/Immunology
    Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1; Chymotrypsin A) is an orally effective inhibitor targeting molecules such as TLR4, NF-κB, MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Chymotrypsin downregulates the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors, reducing cell infiltration and tissue damage. It also reduces the expression of tumor cell adhesion molecules (such as CD44 and CD54) and can be specifically detected by fluorescent probes (such as NBD-3). Chymotrypsin has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, joint damage-reducing, liver protection against lipotoxicity, and anti-tumor metastasis functions. It can be used in research on diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and melanoma metastasis. Chymotrypsin can be used in studies of inflammation, edema, and expectoration .
    Chymotrypsin
  • HY-14648A
    Dexamethasone acetate
    5+ Cited Publications

    Dexamethasone 21-acetate; Hexadecadrol acetate

    		 Glucocorticoid Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    Dexamethasone acetate (Dexamethasone 21-acetate) is the acetate form of the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (HY-14648). Dexamethasone acetate has a longer duration of action than Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone acetate can accumulate at inflammatory sites, in mouse liver and mouse lung via nanostructured lipid carriers. Dexamethasone acetate can be used to prepare topical formulations for studies related to sensorineural hearing loss, γ-carrageenan-induced paw edema, chronic active hepatitis, pulmonary diseases, and inflammation after vitreoretinal surgery .
    Dexamethasone acetate
  • HY-N6871
    Abietic acid
    3 Publications Verification

    		 Bacterial IKK Ferroptosis Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Abietic acid, an orally active diterpene isolated from Colophony, displays significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect, bacteriostatic, cell cycle arresting and pro-apoptotic activities. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy. Abietic acid enhances cell migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Abietic acid induces significant angiogenic potential, which is associated with upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 expression. Abietic acid attenuates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Abietic acid exhibits a positive effect against liver injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis. Abietic acid shows accelerated wound closure in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds. Abietic acid significantly reduces the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells by IKKβ inhibition.Additionally, Abietic acid ameliorates psoriasis-like inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Abietic acid is promising for research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), liver injury-related deseases and psoriasis .
    Abietic acid
  • HY-P1624
    Teduglutide
    2 Publications Verification

    ALX-0600

    		 Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A FXR Inflammation/Immunology
    Teduglutide (ALX-0600) is an analog of human glucagon like peptide-2 (GLP-2). Teduglutide can activate the expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1 (NR4a1)/nur77 and intestinal FXR signaling in human hepatic stellate cells, thereby improving liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice with sclerosing cholangitis. Teduglutide can alleviate intestinal dysfunction in mice, improve lung injury, alleviate obesity related neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis .
    Teduglutide
  • HY-100438
    Hydronidone
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Phosphodiesterase (PDE) TGF-beta/Smad COX Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Hydronidone is an orally active pyridine derivative. Hydronidone is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) as well as TGF-β. Hydronidone induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptosis. Hydronidone can be used for liver fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer study .
    Hydronidone
  • HY-P9928
    Alirocumab
    1 Publications Verification

    REGN 727; SAR 236553

    		 PCSK9 NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Keap1-Nrf2 HMG Family NF-κB CX3CR1 Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Alirocumab is an anti-PCSK9 human monoclonal antibody. Alirocumab inhibits PCSK9. Alirocumab reduces NLRP3 inflammasome, regulates Nrf2/HO-1, HMGB1/NF-κB and Fractalkine/CX3CR1. Alirocumab increases the ability of the liver to bind LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduces levels of LDL-C in blood. Alirocumab improves atherosclerosis and inflammation .
    Alirocumab
  • HY-117985B
    Evogliptin tartrate
    1 Publications Verification

    DA-1229 tartrate

    		 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Autophagy Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate is an orally active DPP4 inhibitor with significant and sustained hypoglycaemic effects in mouse models. Evogliptin tartrate also inhibits the production of inflammatory and fibrotic signals in hepatocytes by inducing autophagy. Evogliptin tartrate can be used in studies of type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, renal impairment and chronic liver inflammation .
    Evogliptin tartrate
  • HY-W013215
    Adrenic acid
    1 Publications Verification

    cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Adrenic Acid (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) is a naturally polyunsaturated fatty acid in the adrenal gland, brain, kidney, and vasculature. Adrenic Acid can regulate the vascular tone in arteries of the adrenal cortex. Adrenic Acid also is an inflammation enhancer in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .
    Adrenic acid
  • HY-N0010
    Geniposidic acid
    5+ Cited Publications

    		 FXR Sirtuin TNF Receptor Interleukin Related Metabolic Disease
    Geniposidic acid is an orally active FXR modulator and SIRT6 activator. Geniposidic acid binds to the Ser332 and His447 sites on the FXR ligand-binding domain, thereby driving nuclear translocation, coactivator recruitment, and transcription of downstream bile acid and cholesterol metabolism-related genes. Geniposidic acid improves metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease by activating the SIRT6 signaling pathway. Geniposidic acid inhibits inflammation and modulates gut microbiota to alleviate colitis. Geniposidic acid can be used in research on drug-induced liver injury, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction-related steatohepatitis .
    Geniposidic acid
  • HY-110228
    Metformin-d6 hydrochloride

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6 hydrochloride

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
    Metformin-d6 hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin-d6 hydrochloride
  • HY-N6804
    Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate

    		NF-κB Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Diammonium glycyrrhizinate is a substance that can be extracted and purified from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate has anti-inflammatory effect, resistance to biologic oxidation, membranous protection and a weak steroidal action. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate exerts protective effect by downregulating inflammation cytokines, suppressing the NF-κB pathway, and restoring superoxide dismutase. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate can be used as a hepatic protector and can therefore be studied in research for most liver diseases .
    Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate
  • HY-147041
    Selvigaltin
    1 Publications Verification

    GB1211

    		 Galectin Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Selvigaltin (GB1211) is an orally active galectin-3 small molecule inhibitor with an IC50 value of 12 nM in rabbits, showing anti-tumor activity. Selvigaltin decreases galectin-3 levels in the liver and reduces biomarkers of liver function (AST, ALT, bilirubin), inflammation (cells foci) and fibrosis (PSR, SHG), as well as decreasing the mRNA and protein expression of several key inflammation and fibrosis biomarkers (IL6, TGFβ3, SNAI2, collagen). Selvigaltin restores T-cell activity and induces less tumors and metastasis .
    Selvigaltin
  • HY-N1990
    Gypenoside XLIX
    2 Publications Verification

    		 PPAR Sirtuin Keap1-Nrf2 Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NF-κB Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Apoptosis Pyroptosis Autophagy Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Gypenoside XLIX is a multifunctional bioactive compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, with a Ka value of 1.58 μM for its binding to SIRT1. Gypenoside XLIX acts as a PPAR-α agonist. It inhibits the activation of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway by activating the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces ROS accumulation, and alleviates hepatic inflammatory injury in mice with sepsis-induced liver disease. Gypenoside XLIX targets SIRT1 to block YAP-NLRP3 activation and improve sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), pyroptosis (Pyroptosis), autophagy (Autophagy), lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Gypenoside XLIX alleviates sepsis-induced splenic injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and mitigates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by targeting PPAR-α. Gypenoside XLIX prevents acute kidney injury by inhibiting IGFBP7/IGF1R-mediated programmed cell death and inflammation. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits the expression and activity of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in cytokine-induced human endothelial cells. Gypenoside XLIX is applicable to research related to acute liver injury, lung injury, cardiomyopathy, acute splenic injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation .
    Gypenoside XLIX
  • HY-163897
    PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1

    		PROTACs Ferroptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Inflammation/Immunology
    PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 is a VHL-based PROTAC NCOA4 degrader. PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 is a ferroptosis inhibitor. PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 reduces Fe 2+ elevation, ROS production, MDA content and PTGS2 mRNA expression. PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 ameliorates liver damage in a CCl4-induced acute liver injury model. PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 can be used for the researches of inflammation and immunology. (Pink: NCOA4 ligand (HY-149457). Black: linker (HY-163903). Blue: VHL ligand (HY-138678B)) .
    PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1
  • HY-112974
    Inotersen

    GSK-2998728; ISIS-420915

    		 Transthyretin (TTR) Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
    Inotersen (GSK-2998728; ISIS-420915) is a 2'-O-methoxyethyl-modified antisense oligonucleotide and transthyretin (TTR) inhibitor with low genotoxicity. Inotersen triggers RNase H1-mediated degradation by binding to TTR mRNA, thereby effectively reducing the production of both mutant and wild-type transthyretin in the liver. Inotersen significantly reduces amyloid fiber deposition, yet specific toxicities such as inflammation or tumors are observed at high doses in some animal models. Inotersen is used in studies of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis and the associated polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy .
    Inotersen
  • HY-N6712
    Thiolutin
    4 Publications Verification

    Acetopyrrothin

    		 Antibiotic Bacterial Deubiquitinase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) DNA/RNA Synthesis Pyroptosis HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) Infection Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Thiolutin (Acetopyrrothin) is a sulfur-containing antibiotic, which is a potent inhibitor of bacterial and yeast RNA polymerases. Thiolutin can be produced by Streptomyces. Thiolutin inhibits AMSH (IC50 = 4 μM) and Rpn11 (IC50 = 0.53 μM). Thiolutin is a dual inhibitor of BRCC36 and the NLRP3 inflammasome, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects. Thiolutin effectively suppresses the interaction between BRCC36 and HMGCR, leading to the inhibition of HCC growth. Thiolutin attenuates pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thiolutin markedly alleviates renal injury and inflammatory process in IgAN. Thiolutin is an anti-angiogenic compound which can ease Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DOXIC) [1][2][3][4][5].
    Thiolutin
  • HY-B1311
    Proadifen hydrochloride
    1 Publications Verification

    SKF-525A; U-5446; RP-5171

    		 Cytochrome P450 Monoamine Oxidase Bcl-2 Family Survivin PARP Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Proadifen (SKF-525A) hydrochloride is a non-competitive Cytochrome P450 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 19 μM. Proadifen hydrochloride reduces monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity and reverses the antidepressantlike behavioral effect of Imipramine (HY-B1490A) and Desipramine (HY-B1272A) in rats. Proadifen hydrochloride also reduces N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) metabolism in liver microsomes and inhibits N-demethylationand Acridone (HY-W007771) formation. Proadifen hydrochloride augments Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056)-induced fever and exacerbates Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (HY-101952) levels in the rat. Proadifen hydrochloride is promising for research of metabolism-related deseases, ovarian carcinoma, inflammation and dopamine neurons-related deseases .
    Proadifen hydrochloride
  • HY-N0444
    Rubiadin

    		Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Inflammation/Immunology
    Rubiadin is an orally active polyketide-derived compound and free radical scavenger that inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Rubiadin inhibits osteoclast formation, bone resorption, lipid peroxidation, HBV DNA replication and cancer cell proliferation; reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; induces cancer cell apoptosis; and possesses antifungal, antimalarial, antibacterial and anticonvulsant activities. Rubiadin can be used in the research of osteoporosis, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, iron overload disorders, hepatitis B virus infection, colon cancer, liver cancer, T-lymphocytic leukemia, cervical cancer, diabetic nephropathy, epileptic seizures, fungal infections, malaria and bacterial infections .
    Rubiadin
  • HY-19696B
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
    Maximum Cited Publications
    104 Publications Verification

    Tauroursodeoxycholic acid dihydrate; TUDCA dihydrate; UR 906 dihydrate

    		 Caspase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite IRE1 NF-κB JNK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Akt Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate is an orally active taurine conjugate of Ursodeoxycholic acid (HY-13771). Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate inhibits caspase-3/7, Apoptosis, IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB, prevents JNK phosphorylation, inhibits ROS generation, and activates Akt signaling. Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate prevents cataract formation, reduces renal tubular damage in type 2 diabetic mice, reduces I/R injury in liver, and inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease .
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
  • HY-W011641
    (±)-Naringenin
    4 Publications Verification

    		 Potassium Channel Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NF-κB Apoptosis Caspase Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    (±)-Naringenin is an orally available anti-inflammatory agent that can regulate both acute and chronic inflammation responses, while also showing antioxidant, neuroprotective, liver-protective, and anti-cancer effects. (±)-Naringenin promotes vasodilation in endothelial cells by activating BKCa channels in muscle cells. It also exerts protective effects against experimental colitis by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling, making it useful in studies related to sepsis, fulminant hepatitis, fibrosis, and cancer research .
    (±)-Naringenin
  • HY-145581
    Mitiperstat
    1 Publications Verification

    AZD4831

    		 Glutathione Peroxidase Cytochrome P450 Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Mitiperstat (AZD4831) is an effective oral inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Mitiperstat inhibits MPO and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) with IC50s of 1.5 nM and 0.69 μM. Mitiperstat exhibits a weak inhibitory activity against CYP3A4 with an IC50 of 6 μM. Mitiperstat can reduce inflammation and improve microvascular function, and it can be used in studies related to heart failure, preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
    Mitiperstat
  • HY-108022A
    Azemiglitazone potassium
    1 Publications Verification

    MSDC-0602K

    		 Insulin Receptor PPAR Metabolic Disease
    Azemiglitazone potassium (MSDC-0602K), a PPARγ-sparing thiazolidinedione (Ps-TZD), binds to PPARγ with the IC50 of 18.25 μM . Azemiglitazone potassium modulates the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). Azemiglitazone potassium can be used for the research of fatty liver including dysfunctional lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance . Azemiglitazone potassium, an insulin sensitizer, improves insulinemia and fatty liver disease in mice, alone and in combination with Liraglutide .
    Azemiglitazone potassium
  • HY-P1636
    Hirudin (54-65)

    		Thrombin YAP Calcium Channel Metabolic Disease
    Hirudin (54-65) is a thrombin antagonist and YAP suppressor with anticoagulatory properties.Hirudin (54-65) blocks thrombin's anion binding site, acts on soluble and thrombus-bound thrombin.Hirudin (54-65) suppresses thrombin-induced profibrotic YAP activity, reduces YAP expression, nuclear translocation, and downstream effector signaling in vascular endothelial cells.Hirudin (54-65) ameliorates obstructive cholestasis, attenuates liver fibrosis symptoms, fibrosis-associated angiogenesis, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Hirudin (54-65) reduces liver inflammation and tissue hypoxia.Hirudin (54-65) promotes extracellular calcium influx through L-type calcium channels in canine coronary artery smooth muscle, mediates contraction.Hirudin (54-65) induces endothelium-independent contraction of canine coronary arterial segments; this response is not affected by indomethacin pretreatment.Hirudin (54-65) can be used for the research of liver obstructive cholestasis, liver fibrosis .
    Hirudin (54-65)
  • HY-17471AR
    Metformin hydrochloride (Standard)

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-111179
    ML261

    		Drug Derivative Inflammation/Immunology
    ML261 is a hepatic lipid droplets formation inhibitor with an IC50 value of 69.7 nM. ML261 can be used for the research of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammation .
    ML261
  • HY-151932
    FXR agonist 3
    1 Publications Verification

    		 FXR Inflammation/Immunology
    FXR agonist 3 is an anti-NASH agent, acting by activating FXR. FXR agonist 3 inhibits COL1A1, TGF-β1, α-SMA and TIMP1 expression with anti-fibrogenic activity. FXR agonist 3 significantly reduces liver steatosis and inflammation, improves liver fibrosis level .
    FXR agonist 3
  • HY-147296
    Omesdafexor

    MET409

    		 FXR Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Omesdafexor (MET409) is an orally active FXR agonist with a unique non-bile acid structure. Omesdafexor can be used for the study of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .
    Omesdafexor
  • HY-168906
    BI-113823

    		Bradykinin Receptor PI3K Akt TNF Receptor ERK Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    BI-113823 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist, with a Ki value of 5.3 nM for human receptors and 13.3 nM for rat receptors. BI-113823 reduces inflammation-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, as well as the mechanical sensitivity of peripheral afferent nerves and spinal nociceptive-specific neurons. BI-113823 alleviates liver fibrosis and portal hypertension, and improves survival in chronic liver disease models. BI-113823 inhibits the activities of monocytes, neutrophils and hepatic stellate cells, as well as the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. BI-113823 can be used in research related to inflammatory pain, liver fibrosis and portal hypertension .
    BI-113823
  • HY-144549
    LXR agonist 1

    		LXR Cardiovascular Disease
    LXR (Liver X receptor) agonist 1 is potent LXR agonist with AC50s of 1.5 nM and 12 nM for LXR-α and LXR-β, respectively. LXR agonist 1 has the potential for the research of atherosclerosis .
    LXR agonist 1
  • HY-N13250
    Hawthorn Extract

    		Apoptosis AMPK Elastase Bcl-2 Family Interleukin Related Caspase PI3K Akt SOD Cardiovascular Disease
    Hawthorn Extract is an orally active hawthorn extract. Hawthorn Extract decreases Bax expression and increases Bcl-2 expression in the aorta. Hawthorn Extract regulates the AMPK signaling pathway, induces apoptosis, enhances the hepatic antioxidant system, and ameliorates symptoms of liver injury, inflammation and cancer. Hawthorn Extract reduces plasma levels of pro-inflammatory factors, increases plasma levels of anti-inflammatory adiponectin, and alleviates atherosclerotic plaque lesions in the aorta. Hawthorn Extract improves symptoms associated with chronic heart failure . Hawthorn Extract inhibits FMLP-induced superoxide anion production, Elastase release, ILB4 generation and calcium signaling in neutrophils, and also reduces LPS-induced cytokine production in neutrophils. Hawthorn Extract induces autophagy and inhibits the proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Hawthorn Extract can be used in research related to atherosclerosis, hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic heart failure and hypotension .
    Hawthorn Extract
  • HY-171454
    DA-1241

    		GPR119 Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    DA-1241 is a GPR119 agonist. DA-1241 reduces macrophage differentiation through downregulation of NFκB signaling by activating GPR119. DA-1241, alone and in combination with a DPP4 inhibitor, reduces liver inflammation and restores inflammation-related liver gene expression. DA-1241 can be used for the research of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) .
    DA-1241
  • HY-B0627S
    Metformin-d6

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Metformin-d6 (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin-d6
  • HY-N0902
    Dihydrosanguinarine

    13,14-Dihydrosanguinarine

    		 Fungal Bacterial Interleukin Related Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    Dihydrosanguinarine (13,14-Dihydrosanguinarine) is an alkaloid with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, and also an important precursor of Sanguinarine (HY-N0052). Dihydrosanguinarine targets and regulates the TNF/IL-17/PI3K signaling pathway, downregulates the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-6, upregulates the expression of TGF-β, inhibits myeloperoxidase activity, and regulates the transcription of multiple inflammation-related genes. Dihydrosanguinarine exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of oral microorganisms. Dihydrosanguinarine can be used in research related to liver inflammation and oral flora dysbiosis .
    Dihydrosanguinarine
  • HY-N5073
    Vitexin-4''-O-glucoside

    4''-O-Glucosylvitexin

    		 JNK p38 MAPK Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Caspase Lactate Dehydrogenase Apoptosis Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
    Vitexin-4''-O-glucoside (4''-O-Glucosylvitexin) is an orally active natural flavonoid component with multiple pharmacological effects including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, cytoprotection and anti-apoptosis. Vitexin-4''-O-glucoside regulates the MAPK signaling pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38, thereby blocking endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. Vitexin-4''-O-glucoside alleviates oxidative stress by reducing MDA content and upregulating the activities of SOD and CAT, attenuates inflammation by downregulating the expressions of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and also reduces LDH release and inhibits caspase-3 activation. Vitexin-4''-O-glucoside effectively improves drug-induced acute liver injury and exerts significant protective effects against myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Vitexin-4''-O-glucoside can be used in studies on acute liver injury, cardiovascular diseases and myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation injury .
    Vitexin-4''-O-glucoside
  • HY-113111
    11,12-DiHETrE

    		Drug Metabolite Inflammation/Immunology
    11,12-DiHETrE is a dihydroxy fatty acid metabolite of Arachidonic Acid (HY-109590). 11,12-DiHETrE is converted to 11,12-DiHETrE under elevated soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity, a process closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. 11,12-DiHETrE can serve as a single biomarker to differentiate between NAFL (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). 11,12-DiHETrE can be used in studies on preterm birth, autism, and pulmonary hypertension .
    11,12-DiHETrE
  • HY-121212
    Icosabutate

    		LDLR Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Icosabutate, an orally active ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is an aeicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) derivative. Icosabutate overcomes the drawbacks of unmodified EPA for liver targeting and improves insulin sensitivity, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis . Icosabutate is well tolerated, and efficacious in lowering non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in persistent hypertriglyceridemia .
    Icosabutate
  • HY-175533
    TLR2 antagonist-1

    		Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    TLR2 antagonist-1 is a selective Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) antagonist. TLR2 antagonist-1 can effectively inhibit excessive TLR2 activation (IC50 = 11.41 μM) and the production of inflammatory factors. TLR2 antagonist-1 has metabolic stability with a half-life (T1/2) of 16.67 min in mouse liver microsomes. TLR2 antagonist-1 can be used for the researches of inflammation, immunology, and neurological disease .
    TLR2 antagonist-1
  • HY-W591838
    Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid

    PFPeS

    		 Biochemical Assay Reagents Phosphatase Metabolic Disease
    Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS) is a per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance. Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid increases alkaline phosphatase (ALKP). Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid induces systemic toxicity in mouse models and alters the expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism, inflammation and skin integrity in the liver and skin .
    Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid
  • HY-117985
    Evogliptin

    DA-1229

    		 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Autophagy Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Evogliptin (DA-1229) is an orally active DPP4 inhibitor with significant and sustained hypoglycaemic effects in mouse models. Evogliptin also inhibits the production of inflammatory and fibrotic signals in hepatocytes by inducing autophagy. Evogliptin can be used in studies of type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, renal impairment and chronic liver inflammation .
    Evogliptin
  • HY-151959
    FXR agonist 4

    		FXR Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    FXR agonist 4 (compound 10a) is an agonist of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) with an EC50 value of 1.05 μM. FXR agonist 4 effectively improves hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation in DIO mice. FXR agonist 4 can be used for the research of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
    FXR agonist 4
  • HY-P11208C
    mNLS-CPP-WSTF TFA

    		GABA Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    mNLS-CPP-WSTF TFA is the trifluoroacetate salt of mNLS-CPP-WSTF (HY-P11208). mNLS-CPP-WSTF is a nuclear localization signal (NLS)-cell-penetrating peptide based on the mouse WSTF sequence. mNLS-CPP-WSTF significantly inhibits the GABARAP-WSTF interaction, WSTF degradation and inflammatory gene expression. mNLS-CPP-WSTF effectively attenuates chronic inflammation, liver fibrosis and cartilage damage in metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and osteoarthritis (OA) mice model. mNLS-CPP-WSTF is promising for research of chronic inflammatory diseases such as MASH and OA .
    mNLS-CPP-WSTF TFA
  • HY-N7741
    Isozaluzanin C

    Dehydrozaluzanin C-derivative

    		 Bacterial Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    Isozaluzanin C (Dehydrozaluzanin c-derivative) is an anti-inflammatory agent that can be isolated from Saussurea lappa and has immunomodulatory effects. Isozaluzanin C improves tissue damage (lung, kidney, and liver) and excessive inflammation in mice induced by LPS (HY-D1056) or CRKP infection. Isozaluzanin C can be used in the study of bacterial infections and sepsi .
    Isozaluzanin C
  • HY-P10897
    SjDX5-271

    		Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NF-κB Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    SjDX5-271 is a small 3 kDa peptide. SjDX5-271 inhibits the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. SjDX5-271 induces cell polarization. SjDX5-271 alleviats hepatic inflammation. SjDX5-271 protects mice against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury .
    SjDX5-271
  • HY-107859S
    Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate-d12

    TCEP-d12

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis DNA/RNA Synthesis Calcium Channel FXR Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NF-κB SOD Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Others
    Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate-d12 is the deuterium labeled Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate is a widely used organic phosphorus flame retardant, mainly used as a plasticizer. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate has orally active hepatotoxicity, inducing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) influx, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm), and causing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate directly binds to FXR, inducing obesity and the formation of fatty liver in mice. Chloroethyl) phosphate activates the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, triggering liver inflammation.
    Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate-d12
  • HY-P3491
    Pegloxenatide

    Polyethylene glycol loxenatide; PEX 168

    		 GCGR PI3K Akt Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Autophagy Interleukin Related Sirtuin AMPK Apoptosis Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Pegloxenatide (Polyethylene glycol loxenatide) is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RA) agonist. Pegloxenatide has various activities such as lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids, improving body weight, anti-inflammation, promoting wound healing, protecting the liver, and protecting the heart. Pegloxenatide can be used in the research of type 2 diabetes and its multiple complications .
    Pegloxenatide
  • HY-176274
    FASN/SCD-IN-1

    		Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Interleukin Related TNF Receptor SOD LDLR Glutathione Peroxidase Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    FASN/SCD-IN-1 is a Silybin (HY-N0779A) derivative, an orally active inhibitor of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)/Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD). FASN/SCD-IN-1 has shown in vitro activity in inhibiting lipid deposition, reducing FASN and SCD transcriptional levels, and exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic activities. FASN/SCD-IN-1 has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects in a rat model of acute liver injury. FASN/SCD-IN-1 ameliorates the pathological features of MASH liver, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of myeloproliferative steatohepatitis (MASH). FASN/SCD-IN-1 can be used to study MASH .
    FASN/SCD-IN-1

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