Cat. No.: HY-16214

FX-11

Name: FX-11
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-16214
Price: 120.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (33 reviews)

(Synonyms: LDHA Inhibitor FX11)

33 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 33 publication(s) in Google Scholar

FX-11 is a potent, selective, reversible and competitive lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitor, with a K_i of 8 μM. FX-11 reduces ATP levels and induces oxidative stress, ROS production and cell death. FX-11 shows antitumor activity in lymphoma and pancreatic cancer xenografts.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity : 99.26%
CAS No.: 213971-34-7
Formula: C₂₂H₂₂O₄
Molecular Weight:350.41

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

FX-11 Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 213971-34-7

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (33)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocols (5)
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

IC50: 23.3 μM (LDHA in HeLa cell) ^[1].

In Vitro

FX-11 (9 μM, 24-48 h) shows activation of AMP kinase and phosphorylation of its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase^[2].
FX-11 (0-100 μM, 72 h) inhibits cell proliferation in BxPc-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cells^[3].
FX-11 inhibits glycolysis and alters cellular energy metabolism in P493 cells^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

P493 cells
Concentration:

9 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h, 48 h
Result:

Showed a decrease in ATP levels, accompanied by activation of AMP kinase and phosphorylation of its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[3]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

BxPc-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cells
Concentration:

0-100 µM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Reduced cell metabolic activity in a concentration-dependent manner, showed a significant reduction in cell proliferation, with IC₅₀ values of 49.27 µM and 60.54 µM for BxPc-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively.

In Vivo

FX-11 (42 μg/mouse; IP, daily for 10-14 days) inhibits P493 tumor growth^[2].
FX-11 (0-2 mg/kg, IP, daily, for 3 weeks) significantly delays tumor growth^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male SCID mice and RH-Foxn1nu mice (human P493 B-cell xenografts)^[2]
Dosage:

42 µg/mouse (2.1 mg/kg)
Administration:

IP; daily for 10-14 days
Result:

Resulted in a remarkable inhibition of tumor growth, inhibited tumor xenograft progression.

Animal Model:

Immunocompromised CD-1 mice (6-8 weeks; 20-25 g, n=5 per group)^[3]
Dosage:

2 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg+15 mg/kg TEPP-46, 2 mg/kg+30 mg/kg TEPP-46
Administration:

IP (100 µL), daily, for 3 weeks
Result:

Significantly lowered LDHA activity in plasma and tumor lysates; significantly lowered the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67; significantly decreased proliferation indices were observed in tumor sections; significantly delayed tumor growth.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 213971-34-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 350.41
Formula C₂₂H₂₂O₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(C1=C2C=C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(C)=CC2=C(CCC)C(O)=C1O)O
Synonyms

LDHA Inhibitor FX11
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (33)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayCell Imaging/StainingIn Vivo Efficacy StudyIn Vivo ImagingRT-PCR

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Metab

Metabolic-Pathway-Based Subtyping of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 5;33(1):51-64.e9. PMID: 33181091

FX-11 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2021 Jan 5;33(1):51-64.e9. [Abstract]

Dose-response curves for FX-11 (0-100 μM; 72 hours). Results of cell viability assays in five organoid models derived from TNBC patients.

FX-11 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2021 Jan 5;33(1):51-64.e9. [Abstract]

FX-11 (11.1 μM; 5–6 days). Representative bright-field images of organoids from three selected cases after drug treatment.

FX-11 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2021 Jan 5;33(1):51-64.e9. [Abstract]

The effect of anti-LDH antibody FX-11 (2 mg/kg; twice a week for 24 days) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy on TS/A tumor growth.
Cell Res

Hypoxia induces mitochondrial protein lactylation to limit oxidative phosphorylation. [Abstract]

2024 Jan;34(1):13-30. PMID: 38163844
Immunity

Inhibitory co-receptor Lag3 supports Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function by restraining Myc-dependent metabolic programming. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 12;57(11):2634-2650.e5. PMID: 39236718
Gastroenterology

Oncogenic Fatty Acid Metabolism Rewires Energy Supply Chain in Gastric Carcinogenesis. [Abstract]

2024 May;166(5):772-786.e14. PMID: 38272100
Nat Metab

Metabolic enzyme LDHA activates Rac1 GTPase as a noncanonical mechanism to promote cancer. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;4(12):1830-1846. PMID: 36536137

FX-11 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2022 Dec;4(12):1830-1846. [Abstract]

FX11(1 mg/kg/day; i.p.) in combination with NSC23766 (NSC; 1.5 mg/kg/day; i.p.) for 2-3 weeks, displays a pronounced inhibitory effect on lung metastasis of Hs578T cells .
Autophagy

H3K18la- driven neutrophil secretory autophagy promotes pulmonary endothelial dysfunction in sepsis-induced lung injury. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 12:1-18. PMID: 42283498
Nat Commun

Histone lactylation promotes rheumatoid arthritis progression by increasing NFATc2 expression and the production of anti-lactylated histone autoantibodies. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 10;16(1):9034. PMID: 41073397
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Lactylated Apolipoprotein C-II Induces Immunotherapy Resistance by Promoting Extracellular Lipolysis. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;11(38):e2406333. PMID: 38981044
J Transl Med

Lactylation-induced ALKBH5 targets RNF123 to worsen retinal Müller cell activation through PKM2-regulated Glycolysis in diabetic retinopathy. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15;23(1):1105. PMID: 41094513
Oncogene

LDHA-driven lactate metabolism promotes MDSC activation and immunosuppressive microenvironment in prostate cancer. [Abstract]

2026 May;45(17):1544-1556. PMID: 41922574
Cell Chem Biol

Aerobic glycolysis promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation via NLRP3 lactylation. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 19;33(2):213-226.e5. PMID: 41643668
Free Radic Biol Med

p67phox/NOX2 inhibits psoriasis by regulating the HIF-1α-glycolysis axis via p53-AMPK in keratinocytes. [Abstract]

2025 Sep:237:503-514. PMID: 40516795
J Anim Sci Biotechnol

Proteo-transcriptomic profiles reveal key regulatory pathways and functions of LDHA in the ovulation of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus). [Abstract]

2024 May 10;15(1):68. PMID: 38725063
Clin Transl Med

Functional inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase suppresses pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;11(6):e467. PMID: 34185423
Fundam Res

Astrocytic pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-lactic acid axis involvement in glia-neuron crosstalk contributes to morphine-induced hyperalgesia in mice. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 6;4(4):820-828. PMID: 39161415
JCI Insight

Lactate programs CRIP1 protein lactylation to drive synovial proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 8;11(11):e200928. PMID: 42258744
Breast Cancer Res

Hypoxia-mediated repression of pyruvate carboxylase drives immunosuppression. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 7;26(1):96. PMID: 38849928
Mol Cancer Res

Bone Metastatic Progression of Prostate Cancer is Regulated by TRIM28-LDHA Mediated Metabolism. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 17. PMID: 41105391
Cell Oncol (Dordr)

2026 Jul 4. PMID: 42399513
Int Immunopharmacol

2026 Jul 13:186:117117. PMID: 42442009
Int Immunopharmacol

GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing the HIF-1α/LDHA pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 10:163:115198. PMID: 40669249
Int Immunopharmacol

NMAAP1 regulated macrophage polarizion into M1 type through glycolysis stimulated with BCG. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 5:126:111257. PMID: 37988910
Biomolecules

4-OI Protects MIN6 Cells from Oxidative Stress Injury by Reducing LDHA-Mediated ROS Generation. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 4;12(9):1236. PMID: 36139075
J Periodontal Res

A Novel Gene DUSP8 Missense Mutation Causes Nonsyndromic Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis by Dysregulating Lysine Lactylation. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 29. PMID: 39887402
Mol Med Rep

hCINAP serves a critical role in hypoxia‑induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via modulating lactate production and mitochondrial‑mediated apoptosis signaling. [Abstract]

2021 Feb;23(2):109. PMID: 33300073
Sci Rep

Bovine tumor necrosis factor-alpha Increases IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 in bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes by metabolic reprogramming. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 24;13(1):3257. PMID: 36828912

FX-11 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 24;13(1):3257. [Abstract]

FX11 (20 μM; pretreat for 1 h) decreases bTNF-α-induced COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE2 synthesis in bovine fibroblast-like synoviocyte.
Exp Neurol

Lactate exacerbates neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy via promoting neutrophil migration from skull bone marrow to the meninge. [Abstract]

2025 Sep:391:115318. PMID: 40409661
J Cell Mol Med

Identification of LDHA as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension Through Modulation of Endothelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;29(13):e70692. PMID: 40629253
FEBS J

Sex-related changes in lactate dehydrogenase A expression differently impact the immune response in melanoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jun;292(12):3056-3071. PMID: 39888245
bioRxiv

2025 Sep 21.
SSRN

2023 Sep 7.
bioRxiv

2023 Jul 11.
Universidad De Salamanca

2023

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (713.45 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.8538 mL

14.2690 mL

28.5380 mL

5 mM

0.5708 mL

2.8538 mL

5.7076 mL

10 mM

0.2854 mL

1.4269 mL

2.8538 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocols

All Cell Biology Signal Pathway Related Animals and Diseases

Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
Mammalian live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining
Live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining assays are based on the simultaneous detection of intracellular esterase activity in metabolically active (viable) cells and membrane integrity loss in non-viable cells. In commonly used dual-staining approaches, membrane-permeant fluorogenic substrates are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescent products in live cells, while impermeant DNA-binding dyes selectively enter cells with compromised plasma membranes and label nucleic acids in dead or dying cells, enabling discrimination between viable and non-viable populations by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
Subcutaneous Cell-Line-Derived Xenograft
Subcutaneous cell-line-derived xenograft (CDX) models are established by implanting cultured human cancer cell lines into immunodeficient mice, where the injected cells form localized tumors that can be monitored in vivo as a measure of tumorigenic potential, growth kinetics, and treatment response. These models are widely used in oncology research because they allow reproducible tumor formation and enable comparative assessment of tumor growth between different cell lines or genetic manipulations in a controlled in vivo microenvironment. Subcutaneous implantation of cancer cells in immunodeficient mice is a standard approach for evaluating tumor growth behavior and therapeutic response across multiple cancer types, including prostate, esophageal, pancreatic, and colon cancer models.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (281 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. EC Calvaresi. Small molecule inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase a as an anticancer strategy. 2014.

[2]. Le A, et, al. Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A induces oxidative stress and inhibits tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 2;107(5):2037-42. [Content Brief]

[3]. Mohammad GH, et al. Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Lactate Dehydrogenase A Is an Effective Combination Strategy for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Sep 16;11(9):1372. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.8538 mL	14.2690 mL	28.5380 mL	71.3450 mL
	5 mM	0.5708 mL	2.8538 mL	5.7076 mL	14.2690 mL
	10 mM	0.2854 mL	1.4269 mL	2.8538 mL	7.1345 mL
	15 mM	0.1903 mL	0.9513 mL	1.9025 mL	4.7563 mL
	20 mM	0.1427 mL	0.7134 mL	1.4269 mL	3.5672 mL
	25 mM	0.1142 mL	0.5708 mL	1.1415 mL	2.8538 mL
	30 mM	0.0951 mL	0.4756 mL	0.9513 mL	2.3782 mL
	40 mM	0.0713 mL	0.3567 mL	0.7134 mL	1.7836 mL
	50 mM	0.0571 mL	0.2854 mL	0.5708 mL	1.4269 mL
	60 mM	0.0476 mL	0.2378 mL	0.4756 mL	1.1891 mL
	80 mM	0.0357 mL	0.1784 mL	0.3567 mL	0.8918 mL
	100 mM	0.0285 mL	0.1427 mL	0.2854 mL	0.7134 mL

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FX-11

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) FX-11