RNA Polymerases
RNA polymerases catalyze genome transcription, converting genetic information into RNA outputs that support gene expression, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and cell growth[1]. In eukaryotic cells, three nuclear enzymes divide this work: RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal DNA, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) produces mRNAs and many regulatory non-coding RNAs, and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) generates tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and other short non-coding RNAs[2][3]. Mechanistically, Pol I and Pol III support ribosome production and translation capacity, whereas Pol II links transcription initiation, elongation, RNA processing, and gene-specific regulation through its C-terminal domain[4]. In disease models, disruption of Pol I or Pol III function produces tissue-specific developmental disorders, especially craniofacial abnormalities and leukodystrophy or neurodegenerative phenotypes[3]. Compared with Pol II, Pol I and Pol III are distinguished by high-output non-coding RNA transcription and by specialized subunits that define isoform-specific transcription programs[2][3]. For experimental applications, Pol I inhibition with CX-5461 suppresses rDNA transcription and has been used to study p53 activation, nucleolar stress, DNA damage response, and cancer cell vulnerability[5][6]. Pol III inhibition also provides aging-model utility, because reduced Pol III activity extends lifespan in yeast, worms, and flies downstream of TORC1[7].
References:
- [1]. Barba-Aliaga M, et al. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: The Many Ways to Transcribe a Gene. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Apr 21;8:663209. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Wang Y, et al. BMP and RA signaling cooperate to regulate Apolipoprotein C1 expression during embryonic development. Gene. 2015 Jan 10;554(2):196-204. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Watt KE, et al. RNA Polymerases I and III in development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Feb 28;136:49-63. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Hsin JP, et al. The RNA polymerase II CTD coordinates transcription and RNA processing. Genes Dev. 2012 Oct 1;26(19):2119-37. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Bywater MJ, et al. Inhibition of RNA polymerase I as a therapeutic strategy to promote cancer-specific activation of p53. Cancer Cell. 2012 Jul 10;22(1):51-65. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Haddach M, et al. Discovery of CX-5461, the First Direct and Selective Inhibitor of RNA Polymerase I, for Cancer Therapeutics. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2012 May 8;3(7):602-6. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Filer D, et al. RNA polymerase III limits longevity downstream of TORC1. Nature. 2017 Dec 14;552(7684):263-267. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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RNA Polymerases Related Products (158)
Related Products (158)
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RNA polymerase-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-163015CAS No.: 2447106-74-1RNA polymerase-IN-1 (compound 4) is s DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. RNA polymerase-IN-1 inhibits CYP isozymes.
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Riamilovir
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-109072CAS No.: 123606-06-4Riamilovir is an oral, broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Riamilovir can directly act on the virus's RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting viral replication, reducing viral load, and helping to alleviate the severity of the disease. Riamilovir can be used in research on acute respiratory viral infections caused by novel variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Rifamycin AF-013
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-131319CAS No.: 35225-13-9Rifamycin AF-013 is a derivative of Rifamycin (HY-B1907). Rifamycin AF-013 inhibits DNA polymerase γ by competing with dTTP and template primers for binding. Rifamycin AF-013 exhibits inhibitory activity against Rifampicin (HY-B0272)-resistant RNA polymerase. Rifamycin AF-013 inhibits non-polymerase enzymes including glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and Alkaline phosphatase. Rifamycin AF-013 can be used in research related to Rifampicin-resistant bacterial infections and Ehrlich ascites tumors.
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RNA polymerase-IN-2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-163016CAS No.: 2447106-79-6RNA polymerase-IN-2 (compound 5) is s DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. RNA polymerase-IN-2 inhibits CYP isozymes.
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KJ001-12a
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-184289KJ001-12a is an orally active anti-influenza agent with activity against influenza A and B strains. KJ001-12a acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor that reduces the expression levels of viral M2 mRNA and vRNA. KJ001-12a shows low sensitivity to the loss of inhibitory activity caused by the I38T mutation. KJ001-12a is applicable for influenza-related research.
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Pseudouridimycin TFA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-125650ACAS No.: 2760807-99-4Synonyms: PUM TFAPseudouridimycin (PUM) TFA is an antibiotic that selectively inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP), with an IC50 of about 0.1 μM and MICs of 4-6 μg/mL. Pseudouridimycin TFA is a C-nucleoside analogue that's effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Pseudouridimycin TFA inhibits bacterial growth in vitro and shows activity in a mouse model of purulent streptococcal peritonitis.
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Favipiravir-13C3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W769714Synonyms: T-705-13C3Favipiravir-13C3 is the 13C labeled isotope of Favipiravir (HY-14768). Favipiravir (T-705) is a potent viral RNA polymerase inhibitor, it is phosphoribosylated by cellular enzymes to its active form, Favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5′-triphosphate (RTP). Favipiravir-RTP inhibits the influenza viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity with an IC50 of 341 nM.
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Guanosine triphosphate tritris solution (100 mM)
0 ImagesSynonyms: GTP tritris solution (100 mM)Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) tritris solution (100 mM) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate tritris solution (100 mM) promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate tritris solution (100 mM) links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate tritris solution (100 mM) accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate tritris solution (100 mM) is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism.
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HCV-IN-50
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-128306CAS No.: 303776-85-4
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2'-O-Methylguanosine-5'-O-triphosphate sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-174162ASynonyms: 2'-Methyl GTP sodium2'-O-Methylguanosine-5'-O-triphosphate sodium (2'-Methyl GTP sodium), a methylated derivative of Guanosine 5'-triphosphate (HY-W010737), is a HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. 2'-O-Methylguanosine-5'-O-triphosphate sodium is a nucleotide competitor of GTP and acts as a chain terminator to inhibit RNA synthesis. 2'-O-Methylguanosine-5'-O-triphosphate sodium can be used for HCV infections research.
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2'-(2-Nitrobenzyl)-ATP
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-171632CAS No.: 870997-99-22'-(2-Nitrobenzyl)-ATP is an rATP analog. 2'-(2-Nitrobenzyl)-ATP acts as a transcription terminator, inhibiting further RNA chain elongation by T7 RNA polymerase.
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(E)-Antiviral agent 67
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W292927CAS No.: 132603-49-7(E)-Antiviral agent 67 (compound PC6) is a pyrazolone-based antiviral agent with certain inhibitory activity against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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CX-5461 (Standard)
0 ImagesCX-5461 (Standard) is the analytical standard of CX-5461 (HY-13323). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. CX-5461 is a selective, orally active RNA polymerase I inhibitor. CX-5461 disrupts the formation of the SL1-rDNA complex, thereby blocking the transcription initiation of ribosomal RNA without altering the activity of RNA polymerase II, DNA replication, or protein translation processes. CX-5461 upregulates the expression of p21, MDM2, Sestrin1/2, and phosphorylated AMPKα, and reduces the level of phosphorylated Akt. CX-5461 induces G2/G2/M cell cycle arrest, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and cellular senescence, and activates CHK1, CHK2, and RPA. CX-5461 can be used in research related to osteosarcoma, cervical cancer, hematologic malignancies, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and solid tumors.
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Guanosine triphosphate
0 ImagesGuanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism.
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Scorodonin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N13915CAS No.: 74660-77-8Scorodonin has anti-bacterial, Streptomyces and fungal effects. Scorodonin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerases with an IC50 of 25 μg/mL.
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CMX-521
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-160704CAS No.: 2077178-99-3CMX-521, a nucleoside analog, is a potent inhibitor for RNA-dependant RNA polymerase (RdRp) of norovirus. CMX-521 suppresses murine norovirus (MNV) and human norovirus.
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MRL-436
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-153696CAS No.: 2095432-38-3MRL-436 is a RNA polymerase inhibitor with antibacterial activity. MRL-436 exerts its antibacterial activity dependent on residue 622 of the RNA polymerase β' subunit and the RNAP ω subunit. MRL-436 inhibits Rifampicin (HY-B0272)-resistant RNA polymerase derivatives and exhibits antibacterial activity against Rifampicin-resistant strains.
