Plasmodium
Plasmodium parasites invade erythrocytes to access nutrients and occupy a protected intracellular niche[1]. Mechanistically, P. falciparum merozoite invasion depends on ligand-receptor interactions and regulated microneme and rhoptry secretion[2]. The apicoplast supports blood-stage growth mainly through isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis, shown by chemical rescue of parasites lacking this organelle[3]. Apicoplast-derived isoprenoids also support GPI-anchor biosynthesis, egress, and invasion in P. falciparum[4]. Compared with related apicomplexan parasites, malaria parasites use conserved host-cell entry logic but species-specific ligand-receptor interactions[1]. For experimental applications, apicoplast translation inhibitors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors provide tools to test delayed death, organelle maintenance, and parasite viability[5][6].
References:
- [1]. Cowman AF, et al. Invasion of red blood cells by malaria parasites. Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):755-66. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Singh S, et al. Distinct external signals trigger sequential release of apical organelles during erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Feb 5;6(2):e1000746. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Yeh E, et al. Chemical rescue of malaria parasites lacking an apicoplast defines organelle function in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol. 2011 Aug;9(8):e1001138. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Bulloch MS, et al. Apicoplast-derived isoprenoids are essential for biosynthesis of GPI protein anchors, and consequently for egress and invasion in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog. 2024 Sep 6;20(9):e1012484. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Pasaje CF, et al. Selective inhibition of apicoplast tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase causes delayed death in Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 9;6:27531. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Herman JD, et al. The cytoplasmic prolyl-tRNA synthetase of the malaria parasite is a dual-stage target of febrifugine and its analogs. Sci Transl Med. 2015 May 20;7(288):288ra77. [Content Brief]
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Plasmodium Related Products (265)
Related Products (265)
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Sulfadiazine-13C6
0 ImagesSulfadiazine-13C6 is a labeled Sulfadiazine (HY-B0273). Sulfadiazine is an orally active sulfonamide antibiotic. Sulfadiazine competitively inhibits p-aminobenzoic acid in the folic-acid-metabolism cycle, inhibiting multiplication of most Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. Sulfadiazine persists in soil long-term, and exerts selective pressure for sulfonamide-resistant microbial populations. Sulfadiazine targets Toxoplasma gondii DHPS enzyme. Sulfadiazine can be used for the research of congenital toxoplasmosis and bacterial infection.
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Antimalarial agent 12
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-143487CAS No.: 2715225-58-2Antimalarial agent 12 (compound R-3b) is a potent antimalarial agent. Antimalarial agent 12 shows growth inhibition on P. falciparum Dd2 Strain (EC50=155 nM), 3D7 strain (EC50=136 nM). Antimalarial agent 12 has CC50 values of 10,000 to 50,000 nM for HEK-293 and hPHep cell lines. Antimalarial agent 12 has a MIC of >250,000 nM for Escherichia coli.
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P-orlandin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N10194CAS No.: 1407546-21-7
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Trioxacarcin B
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-126929CAS No.: 81534-36-3Synonyms: TXN-BTrioxacarcin B (TXN-B) is a potent cytotoxic agent and DNA-targeted inhibitor. Trioxacarcin B disrupts DNA function and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Trioxacarcin B not only effectively inhibits the growth of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as Plasmodium falciparum, but also blocks the colony formation of cancer stem cells, significantly reduces tumor volume and prolongs survival in preclinical in vivo models. The activity of Trioxacarcin B is highly dependent on its intact spiro-epoxide structure; it loses efficacy once this moiety undergoes hydrolysis, and Trioxacarcin B shows no activity against fungi, microalgae and small RNA viruses. Trioxacarcin B can be used for research on bacterial infections, malaria, and various cancers including colon cancer and melanoma.
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Sulfadoxine-d4
0 ImagesSynonyms: Sulphadoxine-d4Sulfadoxine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Sulfadoxine. Sulfadoxine(Sulphadoxine) is a long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other agents, for respiratory, urinary tract and malarial infections. Sulfadoxine inhibits HIV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Polyketomycin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-106338CAS No.: 200625-47-4Polyketomycin is a tetracyclic quinone glycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces sp. or Streptomyces diastatochromogenes. Polyketomycin inhibits growth of Gram-positive bacteria, and its MIC values is less than 0.2 µg/mL. Polyketomycin has antibacterial, anticancer, antimalarial activities.
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7-Methoxy-β-carboline-1-propionic acid
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N7173CAS No.: 137756-13-97-Methoxy-β-carboline-1-propionic acid (compound 46) is a cytotoxic and antimalarial compound. 7-Methoxy-β-carboline-1-propionic acid can be extracted from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia.
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6-O-Methacrylate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N8521CAS No.: 950685-51-5
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Antimalarial agent 18
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-151965CAS No.: 3037689-82-7Antimalarial agent 18 is an potent antimalarial agent, based on electronic, highly lipophilic and siderophoric properties. Antimalarial agent 18 belongs to acyloxymethyl series, as a fosmidomycin surrogate, which is potent IspC inhibitor against the non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. Antimalarial agent 18 inhibits P. falciparum (IC50=50 nM) and A. baumanii (IC50=390 nM).
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Lettowienolide
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N10928CAS No.: 1189105-39-2Lettowienolide, a geranylbenzoquinonoid, exhibits mild in vitro activity against the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite (IC50~20 μg/mL).
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Purine phosphoribosyltransferase-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-144294CAS No.: 2784631-28-1Purine phosphoribosyltransferase-IN-1 (Compound (S,R)-48) is a potent inhibitor of the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), P. vivax (Pv) and Trypanosoma brucei (Tbr) 6-oxopurine purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTs), with Ki values of 50, 20, and 2 nM, respectively.
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Sulfalene-13C6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-A0130SPurity: 99.0%Synonyms: Sulfametopyrazine-13C6; AS-18908-13C6Sulfalene-13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Sulfalene. Sulfalene (Sulfametopyrazine) is an antimalarial agent. Sulfalene is also a long-acting sulfonamide antibacterial.
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Antimalarial agent 3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-132906CAS No.: 3033386-12-5Antimalarial agent 3 shows nanomolar antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 0.035 μM) and has a very high selectivity index with respect to mammalian cells.
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TCMDC-125431
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-132929CAS No.: 3015474-50-4TCMDC-125431 is a novel disruptor of the malaria parasite calcium dynamics but minimally inhibits heme crystallization.
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Dehydrobruceine A
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N8257CAS No.: 73435-47-9Dehydrobruceine A is a low potent antitrypanosomal agent, with an IC50 of 88.5 nM for Plasmodium falciparum.
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(R,R)-Polysphorin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N18294CAS No.: 137196-25-9(R,R)-Polysphorin is a neolignan antimalarial agent that is isolated from the dried leaves and stems of Rhaphidophora decursiva. (R,R)-Polysphorin inhibits the growth of chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum clones in vitro by mediating free radical damage to key cellular components via conjugated double bonds. (R,R)-Polysphorin also exhibits cytotoxicity against human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells.
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LZ1 peptide
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P10338CAS No.: 1423743-97-8LZ1 peptide acts as a Pyruvate kinase inhibitor, antimicrobial agent, and antimalarial agent. LZ1 peptide reduces ATP production and inhibits the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. LZ1 peptide exhibits activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice and reduces parasitemia. LZ1 peptide shows favorable antimicrobial activity against pathogens associated with acne vulgaris. LZ1 peptide possesses anti-inflammatory effects. LZ1 peptide can be used in malaria-related research.
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HBPC–GSH
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-148216CAS No.: 156727-62-7HBPC-GSH is a glyoxalase (Glo) inhibitor (cGloI IC50=0.6 μM; cGloII IC50=1.6 μM), a glutathione derivative. HBPC-GSH can be used in antimalarial research.
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Artemisinin-d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0094SCAS No.: 176652-07-6Synonyms: Qinghaosu-d3; NSC 369397-d3Artemisinin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Artemisinin. Artemisinin (Qinghaosu), a sesquiterpene lactone, is an anti-malarial agent isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. plants. Artemisinin inhibits AKT signaling pathway by decreasing pAKT in a dose-dependent manner. Artemisinin reduces cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorigenesis and metastasis and has neuroprotective effects.
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PfPKG-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-145233CAS No.: 2866493-89-0PfPKG-IN-1 is a imidazole-based inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PfPKG).
