Isotope-Labeled Amino Acids

L-Tryptophan-d₅ is the deuterium labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3.

L-Phenylalanine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a K_i of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.

L-Arginine-¹³C₆,¹⁵N₄ (hydrochloride) is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

L-Leucine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway.

L-Glutamine-¹⁵N₂ is the ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutamine (HY-N0390). L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na⁺-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.

H-HomoArg-OH-¹³C₇,¹⁵N₄ hydrochloride (L-Homoarginine-¹³C₇,¹⁵N₄ hydrochloride) is the ¹⁵N, ¹³C-labeled H-HomoArg-OH (hydrochloride) (HY-W012340). H-HomoArg-OH hydrochloride (L-Homoarginine hydrochloride) is an orally active endogenous non-protein amino acid. H-HomoArg-OH hydrochloride acts as a weak alternative substrate for NOS and interferes with NO production, selectively inhibits tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), and suppresses the uptake of arginine by y⁺-type transporters (system y⁺). H-HomoArg-OH hydrochloride increases tissue hArg concentrations in vivo, regulates amino acid homeostasis, and improves renal function and pathological features of diabetic nephropathy. H-HomoArg-OH hydrochloride can be used in studies related to diabetes and cardiomyopathy.

DL-Proline-d₃ is the deuterated-labeled DL-Proline (HY-W012908). DL-Proline is a racemic mixture of D-Proline and L-Proline, belonging to cyclic imino acids with a five-membered ring structure. DL-Proline serves as a key structural unit in peptide synthesis. DL-Proline stabilizes β-turn conformations and affects the secondary structure of peptide segments. DL-Proline exhibits biological activities such as regulating peptide segment conformations and enhancing cyclic peptide stability. DL-Proline can be used in research on diseases related to peptide structure and function, including cancer and bacterial infections.

DL-Proline-d₇ is the deuterated-labeled DL-Proline (HY-W012908). DL-Proline is a racemic mixture of D-Proline and L-Proline, belonging to cyclic imino acids with a five-membered ring structure. DL-Proline serves as a key structural unit in peptide synthesis. DL-Proline stabilizes β-turn conformations and affects the secondary structure of peptide segments. DL-Proline exhibits biological activities such as regulating peptide segment conformations and enhancing cyclic peptide stability. DL-Proline can be used in research on diseases related to peptide structure and function, including cancer and bacterial infections.

L-Arginine-¹³C₆ (hydrochloride) is the ¹³C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

γ-Aminobutyric acid-d₆ is the deuterium labeled γ-Aminobutyric acid. γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors).

L-Serine-¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Serine. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.

L-Lysine-¹³C₆,¹⁵N₂ (hydrochloride) is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Lysine hydrochloride. L-lysine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, increasing calcium absorption, reducing diabetes-related illnesses and improving gut health.

L-Tryptophan-¹³C₁₁ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3.

L-Glutamine-¹⁵N-1 is the ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutamine (HY-N0390). L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na⁺-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.

L-Valine-d₈ is a deuterated form of L-Valine (HY-N0717). L-Valine ((S)-Valine) is a nonlinear semiorganic material. L-Valine causes lipid peroxidation and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), exhibits inhibitory activity against cyanobacteria. L-Valine inhibits multidrug-resistant bacteria through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of arginase.

L-Glutathione reduced-¹³C₂,¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

L-Glutamic acid-¹³C₅,¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

L-Phenylalanine-¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a K_i of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.

L-Methionine-¹³C₅ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Methionine. L-Methionine is the L-isomer of Methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. Methionine acts as a hepatoprotectant.

DL-Homocysteine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled DL-Homocysteine. DL-Homocysteine is a weak neurotoxin, and can affect the production of kynurenic acid in the brain.