Hydroxy Fatty Acids

Octanoyl coenzyme A is an enoyl-CoA hydratase binder. Octanoyl coenzyme A binds to the active site of enoyl-CoA hydratase, occupies the binding pocket for the fatty acid tail of the enzyme's substrate, and induces a conformational shift in a flexible protein loop via its longer octanoyl chain, forming an open channel leading to the inter-trimer gap.

Crotonyl-CoA, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response.

DL-threo-2-methylisocitrate is a substrate of isocitrate lyase 1(ICL1).