Hydroxy Fatty Acids

Crotonyl-CoA tetralithium, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA tetralithium is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA tetralithium acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA tetralithium regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA tetralithium serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA tetralithium can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response.

3-Hydroxyeicosanoic acid is an ester product.

DL-threo-2-methylisocitrate is a substrate of isocitrate lyase 1(ICL1).

Octadecanoyl coenzyme A (Octadecanoyl-CoA) is an ester product.

10-Hydroxy-8(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid is an ester product.

8(R)-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is an ester product.

8-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is an ester product.

9-Hydroxy-10(E),12(E)-octadecadienoic acid ((10E,12E)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid) is an ester product.

(±)-10-Hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid is a fatty acid derivative. (±)-10-Hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid can be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, such as starting materials for biodegradable polymers, lubricants, emulsifiers, drugs and fragrances.

5(S)-HETrE is a metabolite of the ω-6 fatty acid γ-linolenic acid. 5(S)-HETrE can be elevated in serum levels in an obesity mouse model.

13(R)-HODE is the opposite enantiomer of the 13(S)-HODE produced when linoleic acid is incubated with soybean lipoxygenase. The presence of 13(R)-HODE in the supernatants and membranes of cultured bovine endothelial cells has been attributed to COX metabolism.1 13(R)-HODE is a weak (IC₅₀=2.7 μM) inhibitor of U-46619-induced platelet aggregation.

9(R)-HODE is a monohydroxy fatty acid and metabolite of linoleic acid. It is formed from linoleic acid by COX and lipoxygenase (LO).9(R)-HODE induces chemotaxis, increases the levels of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (CCR9) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), and inhibits IL-6 release in primary human monocytes. It inhibits CD3α- and CD28-induced proliferation of isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes when used at a concentration of 25 μg/mL.

(S)-3-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA (L-3-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA) is a hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA.

13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-tetranor prostaglandin D2 (Compound VI) is a prostaglandin D2 metabolite. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-tetranor prostaglandin D2 as a biomarker can be used to study prostaglandin D2-related diseases.

Lipoxin A5 is an eicosapentaenoic acid derived from pig white blood cells. Lipoxin A5 slowly contracted the guinea pig lung parenchymal strips with a contractile force similar to that of LXA4 and LXB4.2, but LXA5 did not have the vasodilating effect on the aortic smooth muscle shown by LXA4 and LXB4.2.

3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA is a metabolite which can be found in mouse or E.coli, et al. 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA has a 3-hydroxybutanoyl as the S-acyl component, and is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan.

Tigloyl-CoA (Tiglyl-coenzyme A) is an intermediate product of isoleucine metabolism. Tigloyl-CoA is an inhibitor of N-acetylglutamate synthetase.

5-Hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD） is a K_ATP channel antagonist，which has the effect of blocking the K K_ATP channel only during ischaemia by competing with the ATP binding site and does not affect pancreatic K_ATP channels.

Octanoyl coenzyme A is an enoyl-CoA hydratase binder. Octanoyl coenzyme A binds to the active site of enoyl-CoA hydratase, occupies the binding pocket for the fatty acid tail of the enzyme's substrate, and induces a conformational shift in a flexible protein loop via its longer octanoyl chain, forming an open channel leading to the inter-trimer gap.

Crotonyl-CoA, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response.