Hydroxy Fatty Acids

5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is a normal monohydroxy carboxylic acid degradation product of
fatty acids with medium chain lengths (particularly hexanoic acid). 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid functions as a predictor of early renal functional decline in type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria.

(R)-3-Hydroxydecanoic acid is a lipid that can be used to prepare lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for drug delivery.

(2S)-2-Hydroxy-2-isopropylsuccinic acid (Ds-α-isopropylmalate) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of Leucine.

11-Hydroxyundecanoic acid is a PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

13-Hydroxytridecanoic acid is a PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

Feruloyl-CoA (Feruloyl-coenzyme A) is a cinnamoyl-CoA ester substrate involved in the biosynthesis of lignin and coumarin in plants. Feruloyl-CoA acts as a substrate for cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1-dependent reduction reaction with NADPH to produce cinnamaldehyde. Feruloyl-CoA is a precursor that generates Scopoletin (HY-N0342) via spontaneous trans/cis isomerization and lactonization of its side chain.

10(R)-Hydroxystearic acid is a derivative of Oleic acid (HY-N1446). 10(R)-Hydroxystearic acid can be biocatalytically produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103.

10(S)-Hydroxystearic acid ((S)-10-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid; (S)-10-HSA) is a hydroxy fatty acid and a derivative of Oleic acid (HY-N1446). 10(S)-Hydroxystearic acid can be used for the research of infection.

3-Hydroxyvalproic acid (3-Hydroxy VPA) is a metabolite of valproic acid. 3-Hydroxyvalproic acid is a weak inhibitor of enzymes related to the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. 3-Hydroxyvalproic acid is promising for research of diseases related to abnormal valproic acid metabolism.

3-Hydroxyadipyl-CoA (3-Hydroxyadipoyl-coenzyme A) is a coenzyme A derivative.

Nemotinic acid has the activity against Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacterium and fungus, and also against Gram-negative bacteria, but the activity is weak.

Agrocybin is an antifungal peptide that exerts antifungal activity against several fungal species but lacks inhibitory activity against bacteria. Agrocybin attenuates the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid is an anticancer agent that can be extracted from the leaves of Corydalis. 2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid has anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo and is lethal to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

10(S)-HOME is an oxylipin.

15,16-Dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid is a natural product.

9,12,13-Trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid is an antimicrobial agent.

Ricinelaidic acid, a 12-hydroxy fatty acid，is a leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist with the K_i of 2 μM in porcine neutrophil membranes. Ricinelaidic acid inhibits chemotaxis and calcium flux induced by LTB4 in isolated human neutrophils (IC₅₀=10 and 7 μM, respectively). Ricinelaidic acid inhibits bronchoconstriction induced by LTB4 in rats.

3-Methylcrotonyl CoA is a key metabolic intermediate in the leucine degradation pathway, converted to 3-Methylglutaconyl CoA by 3-Methylcrotonyl CoA Carboxylase. Normally, 3-Methylglutaconyl CoA is catalyzed by 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase into 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG CoA). However, mutations in 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase lead to the accumulation of 3-Methylglutaconyl CoA, causing metabolic disorders associated with 3MGA-uria. 3-Methylcrotonyl CoA is useful for research into metabolic diseases related to the leucine degradation pathway.

2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid is typically absent in normal human urine extracts and is found only in trace amounts in neonates, while cases of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency consistently exhibit elevated levels of this metabolite.

12(S)-Hydroxy-16-heptadecynoic acid ((12S)-12-Hydroxy-15-hexadecynoic acid) is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylase. It inhibits prostaglandin ω-hydroxylase with a Ki value of 1.8 μM.