Lipid Classification

DL-Valine-d is the deuterium labeled DL-Valine.

Estradiol-d₂-1 is the deuterium labeled Estradiol. Estradiol is a steroid sex hormone vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through the estrogen receptor β (ERβ) pathway.

2-Hydroxyestradiol-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxyestradiol. 2-Hydroxyestradiol, a metabolite of 17β-estradiol with minimal estrogenic activity, possesses antioxidant effects and reacts with DNA to form stable adducts and exerts genotoxicity[.

Kaempferol 4'-glucoside (Kaempferol 4'-β-glucoside) is a glycosylated form of Kaempferol (HY-14590). Kaempferol 4'-glucoside interacts with SBE-β-CD (HY-17031). Kaempferol 4'-glucoside can be used in the food and active compound industries.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (L-alpha-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) is a plasma membrane lipid that is enriched in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate serves as a substrate for phospholipase C and class I PI3K, generating diacylglycerol, inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate, and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate contributes to lamellipodial protrusion, directional cell migration, focal adhesion lipid generation, and trafficking of the GABA_A receptor. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate can be used in research related to acute lung injury and pulmonary edema.

ω-3 Arachidonic Acid-d₈ is the deuterium labeled ω-3 Arachidonic Acid.

8-iso Prostaglandin F2α-d₉ is the deuterium labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.

9-PAHSA-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide.

Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Stearoylcarnitine. Stearoylcarnitine, a fatty ester lipid molecule, is an endogenous metabolite. Stearoylcarnitine can be used as PKC inhibitor. Stearoylcarnitine accumulates in β cells, leading to arrest of insulin synthesis and energy deficiency in type 2 diabetes mouse. Stearoylcarnitine inhibits lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in rat and rabbits plasma. Stearoylcarnitine acts as a metabolomics biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Stearoylcarnitine is a less potent inhibitor of GlyT2.

Neoquassin is found in Picrasma quassioides.

Kazinol B, a prenylated flavan with a dimethyl pyrane ring, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production. Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake via the insulin-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK activation. Kazinol B has the potential for diabetes mellitus research.

Isorhamnetin 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside (Luteoside) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from the aerial parts of B. tripartita. It has weaker antitumor activity, and it also has antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity.

Bromoiodoacetic acid, one of iodinated haloacids, is a disinfection byproduct (DBP) at in finished drinking waters.

Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an isoflavone. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from the pedicels of Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside acts as a non-competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, with a IC₅₀ of 56.05 μg/mL and a K_i of 121 μg/mL against Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used in studies related to type 2 diabetes.

Morin monohydrate, a plant-derived flavonoid, possesses low antioxidant activity. Morin is a fluorescing chelating agent used in aluminum speciation.

Chrysin 7-O-beta-gentiobioside (Chrysin 7-O-β-gentiobioside) is the glycosylation product of Chrysin.

(+)-Medicarpin, a pterocarpan, is a type of isoflavonoid isolated from several medicinal plant species with various biological effects, including Sophora japonica, Zollernia paraensis and Platymiscium yucatamun, Machaerium aristulatum, Platymiscium floribundum, and so on. (+)-Medicarpin potently inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes bone healing and increases bone mass by osteoblast differentiation with estrogen receptor (ER) β-mediated osteogenic action.

Naringenin trimethyl ether is a constituent of twigs and leaves of Aglaia duperreana. Naringenin trimethyl exhibits significant molluscicidal activity, with a LC₅₀ of 3.9 μg/ mL for P. canaliculata.

Secalciferol-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Secalciferol. Secalciferol is a metabolite of Vitamin D, a possibly anti-inflammatory steroid which is involved in bone ossification.