Curcumin Targets Crispld2 to Suppress Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via PI3K/AKT Pathway Inhibition in Hepatic Fibrosis

Background & aims: Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a key pathological process in the development of chronic liver disease, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is its core driving factor. Although curcumin, as a natural polyphenolic compound, has therapeutic potential, its specific mechanism in HF is still unclear.

Methods: This study used the CCl4-induced mouse HF model and explored its mechanism through single-cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) combined with in vitro and in vivo experimental systems.

Results: The results showed that curcumin attenuated liver injury and fibrosis levels in mice with HF in a dose-dependent way, alleviated liver pathological damage, improved liver function indicators, and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors. ScRNA-seq analysis revealed a significant reduction in the number of activated HSCs after curcumin treatment, and the key gene Crispld2 was identified through perturbation model prediction and pseudo-temporal analysis. Curcumin significantly downregulated the expression of Crispld2 and inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. In the TGF-β-induced LX-2 cell activation model, curcumin inhibited HSC proliferation, promoted Apoptosis, reduced fibrosis-related protein expression, and decreased inflammatory cytokine secretion by regulating Crispld2. Overexpression of Crispld2 reversed the anti-fibrotic effect of curcumin, while the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002 restored its therapeutic effect. Animal experiments further confirmed that curcumin improved HF by regulating the Crispld2/PI3K/Akt axis.

Conclusions: This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which curcumin exerts anti-HF effects by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway mediated by Crispld2, providing a new strategy for targeted therapy of Crispld2.