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Transthyretin/TTR Protein, Human (HEK293, His)

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Transthyretin (TTR) belongs to the serum transporter family and is a plasma transporter of T4 and retinol. Transthyretin inhibits Aβ1-42 fibrillization and is a potential target for amyloidosis and Alzheimer's disease. Transthyretin mutations (such as V30M) can destabilize the tetramer and promote the formation of amyloid fibrils in monomers, causing hereditary amyloidosis transthyretin (ATTRv). Transthyretin/TTR Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is a recombinant transthyretin/TTR protein expressed in HEK293 with a C-6*His tag.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Human
  • Source: HEK293
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for Transthyretin/TTR Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Transthyretin/TTR Protein, Human (HEK293, His) Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
  • Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity

Description

Transthyretin (TTR) belongs to the serum transporter family and is a plasma transporter of T4 and retinol. Transthyretin inhibits Aβ1-42 fibrillization and is a potential target for amyloidosis and Alzheimer's disease. Transthyretin mutations (such as V30M) can destabilize the tetramer and promote the formation of amyloid fibrils in monomers, causing hereditary amyloidosis transthyretin (ATTRv). Transthyretin/TTR Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is a recombinant transthyretin/TTR protein expressed in HEK293 with a C-6*His tag.

Background

1. Protein characteristics of Transthyretin/TTR
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetramer linked by disulfide bonds, containing a conserved β-folded structure and two thyroxine (T4) binding sites. Transthyretin/TTR needs to be cleaved by the signal peptide to form a mature protein, and the stability of the tetramer is maintained by T4 binding[1]. Transthyretin/TTR belongs to the serum transport protein family and is a plasma transporter of T4 and retinol. Transthyretin/TTR forms a complex with retinol binding protein to mediate vitamin A transport and maintain the homeostasis of thyroid hormone and vitamin A[2]. Mutations (such as V30M and L55P) can destroy the stability of Transthyretin/TTR tetramers, causing monomers to dissociate and self-assemble into β-sheet fibers, which are deposited in nerve, heart and other tissues to cause hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv). Non-fibrillar oligomers cause cytotoxicity through calcium influx and endoplasmic reticulum stress[1].
Transthyretin/TTR binds to Aβ1-42, inhibits its fibrillation through the T4 binding pocket, and delays Alzheimer's disease-related pathology[2]. Or Transthyretin/TTR and endogenous factors such as glycosaminoglycans synergistically promote amyloid deposition[1].
2. Applications of Transthyretin/TTR
Transthyretin/TTR can be used to study the pathological mechanism of the amyloidosis disease ATTRv. For example, mutant (e.g., L55P) transgenic mice are constructed for drug screening, and Transthyretin/TTR stabilizers such as Diflunisal are studied, which delays amyloid fibril formation by stabilizing Transthyretin/TTR tetramers[3]; meanwhile, the stabilizer Tafamidis has been shown to be useful for inhibiting ATTRv neuropathy[1]. Transthyretin/TTRR targets Aβ aggregation and is a potential target for Alzheimer's disease[2].

Verified Bioactivity

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized recombinant human TTR-His at 10 μg/ml (100 μl/well) can bind recombinant Canine RBP4-Fc with a linear range of 0.3-10.0 μg/ml.

MCE Validation Data

  • Purity - SDS-PAGE

    Purity - SDS-PAGE

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Human
  • Source HEK293
  • Tag C-6*His
  • Accession

    P02766 (G21-E147)

  • Gene ID
    7276  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • TTR (G21-E147)
      Accession # P02766
    • 6*His
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length of Mature Protein

  • Synonyms

    TTR; Transthyretin; PALB; CTS1; HsT2651; CTS; Prealbumin, Amyloidosis Type I; ATTR; TBPA; Epididymis Luminal Protein 111; Thyroxine-Binding Prealbumin; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 1; TTR Protein; Prealbumin; AMYLD1; HEL111; TTN

  • AA Sequence

    GPTGTGESKCPLMVKVLDAVRGSPAINVAVHVFRKAADDTWEPFASGKTSESGELHGLTTEEEFVEGIYKVEIDTKSYWKALGISPFHEHAEVVFTANDSGPRRYTIAALLSPYSYSTTAVVTNPKE

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    14.8 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 18 kDa & 37 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, due to the glycosylation.

  • Glycosylation

    Yes

  • Structure/Form

    Homotetramer

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 8.0.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.8.
3.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 5% trehalose, 5% mannitol and 0.01% Tween 80.
4.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.
Note: For SPR assay, please replace the buffer. Primary amine components (e.g., Tris, imidazole) can affect protein-coupled chips.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Manganelli F, et al. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis overview. Neurol Sci. 2022 Dec;43(Suppl 2):595-604. [Content Brief]

[2]. Li X, et al. Mechanisms of transthyretin inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation in vitro. J Neurosci. 2013 Dec 11;33(50):19423-33. [Content Brief]

[3]. Tagoe CE, et al. In vivo stabilization of mutant human transthyretin in transgenic mice. Amyloid. 2007 Sep;14(3):227-36. [Content Brief]

Calculators

Reconstitution Calculator

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Dilution Calculator

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
106 ÷
ng/mL
MOQ
Minimum order quantity
100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • Transthyretin/TTR Protein, Human (HEK293, His) Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for Transthyretin/TTR Protein, Human (HEK293, His)
  • Transthyretin/TTR Protein, Human (HEK293, His) Product Image