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Activated macrophages

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

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271

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dyes

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Inhibitory Antibodies

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Click Chemistry

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-113134

25-Hydroxycholesterol Maximum Cited Publications 28 Publications Verification 25-OHC	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) is a metabolite of cholesterol that is produced and secreted by macrophages in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. 25-hydroxycholesterol is a potent (EC₅₀≈65 nM) and selective suppressor of IgA production by B cells.

HY-N0177

Diosgenin 5+ Cited Publications	STAT MicroRNA	Metabolic Disease
Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway . Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57 . Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression .

HY-B0636

Triamcinolone acetonide 5+ Cited Publications	Glucocorticoid Receptor FGFR	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology Cancer
Triamcinolone acetonide inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced proliferation of retinal endothelial cells. Triamcinolone acetonide reduces chondrocyte viability and leads to cartilage destruction. Triamcinolone acetonide activates macrophage with anti-inflammatory characteristics. Triamcinolone acetonide can be used in the study of diseases such as atopic dermatitis .

HY-B2149

Quadrol N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine; EDTP	Environmental Pollutants Calcium Channel	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Quadrol is an immunostimulant that has been considered as a potentially useful active molecule for accelerating wound healing. Quadrol can form a complex with Ca ²⁺, mediate the entry of Ca ²⁺ into macrophages, and stimulate macrophage activation.

HY-13682

Mifamurtide 5 Publications Verification MTP-PE; L-MTP-PE; CGP 19835	NOD-like Receptor (NLR)	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Mifamurtide (MTP-PE), an analog of the muramyl dipeptide (MDP), is a nonspecific immunomodulator by stimulating the immune response activating macrophages and monocytes. Mifamurtide is a specific ligand for NOD2 and acts as an insulin sensitizer. Mifamurtide has potential for use in rare disease and osteosarcoma research .

HY-113224

Desmosterol 5 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite LXR Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NOD-like Receptor (NLR)	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Desmosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. In the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, Desmosterol is a direct precursor of cholesterol. As an endogenous metabolite, Desmosterol is used to study cholesterol metabolism . Desmosterol is an LXR activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can suppress macrophage inflammasome activation and prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A reduction in Desmosterol promotes the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and pyrin domain-dependent inflammasome activation of NLRP3. Desmosterol holds potential for research in inflammation, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases .

HY-103697

Gardiquimod	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Cancer
Gardiquimod is an imidazoline TLR7/8 agonist. Gardiquimod inhibits HIV-1 infection of macrophages and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Gardiquimod specifically activates TLR7 at concentrations below 10 μM.

HY-N0577

Apiin 1 Publications Verification Apigenin 7-O-apiosylglucoside; Apigenin 7-(2-O-apiosylglucoside)	NO Synthase	Inflammation/Immunology
Apiin is a flavonoid glycoside-based iNOS inhibitor. Apiin inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages. Apiin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N0569

Madecassic acid 2 Publications Verification	NO Synthase COX TNF Receptor Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology
Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells .

HY-B0557

Bisacodyl 2 Publications Verification	Dopamine Transporter Opioid Receptor	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative agent that works directly on the colon to produce a bowel movement. Bisacodyl increases the secretion of PGE₂ by direct activation of colon macrophages. PGE₂ acts as a paracrine factor and decreases the expression of AQP3 in the colon, which inhibits water transfer from the luminal to the vascular side and leads to a laxative effect .

HY-126213

1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium 18:1 Lyso-PS	NADPH Oxidase Interleukin Related Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium (18:1 Lyso-PS) is a modified PS product generated following NADPH oxidase activation and Lyso-PS signal transduction. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium signals through macrophage G2A to enhance the phagocytic uptake of PS-dependent apoptotic (apoptosis) neutrophils and PS-exposed activated neutrophils. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium enhances macrophage phagocytic uptake of apoptotic cells, carboxylate-modified microspheres, and PS-exposed non-apoptotic activated neutrophils. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium serves as an acyl acceptor substrate for the lysophosphatidyltransferase At1g78690p to generate diacylphosphatidylserine. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium reduces the secretion of IL-8 and decreases the proportion of viable colon cancer cells. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium is applicable to studies on peritonitis and inflammatory bowel disease .

HY-N3383

Ligustroside Ligstroside	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease
Ligustroside (Ligstroside), a secoiridoid derivative, has outstanding performance on mitochondrial bioenergetics in models of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain ageing by mechanisms that may not interfere with Aβ production. Ligustroside significantly inhibits nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages .

HY-110247

TRAF-STOP inhibitor 6877002 4 Publications Verification	TNF Receptor NF-κB	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
TRAF-STOP inhibitor 6877002 is a selective CD40-TRAF6 interaction inhibitor. TRAF-STOP inhibitor 6877002 exerts anti-atherosclerotic activity by blocking the CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway, inhibiting classical monocyte activation, leukocyte recruitment, and macrophage activation and migration. TRAF-STOP inhibitor 6877002 reduces the phosphorylation levels of signaling intermediates in the canonical NF-κB pathway .

HY-P990045

Lixudebart ALE.F02	Claudin	Endocrinology
Lixudebart (ALE.F02) is a humanized immunoglobulin G1-kappa, anti-CLDN1 monoclonal antibody. Lixudebart disrupts CLDN1 interactions with CD44 and MMP14, reduces renal macrophage infiltration, epithelial activation, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and attenuates glomerulosclerosis. Lixudebart can be used for the research of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis .

HY-148591

GSK761	Epigenetic Reader Domain	Inflammation/Immunology
GSK761 is a selective inhibitor of speckled 140 kDa (SP140) with an IC₅₀ value of 77.79 nM. GSK761 reduces monocyte-to-inflammatory macrophage differentiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory activation. GSK761 induces the production of CD206 ⁺ regulatory macrophages by inhibiting SP140 .

HY-W040055

Neopterin 1 Publications Verification D-(+)-Neopterin; D-erythro-Neopterin	NF-κB PPAR ERK Raf Src	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Neopterin is an immune system activator metabolized by GTP and can be produced by activated macrophages. Neopterin has the potential to resist vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Neopterin inhibits the phosphorylation of NF-κB and promotes the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby suppressing the inflammatory response of vascular endothelial cells, reducing the formation of macrophage foam cells, and regulating the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Neopterin can be used in research fields such as cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis), inflammation-related diseases and tumor immunomonitoring .

HY-75247

Coumaran 2 Publications Verification 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran	Cholinesterase (ChE) Endogenous Metabolite Parasite	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Coumaran (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran) is an AChE inhibitor with antileishmanial activity. Coumaran may acquire antiparasitic capabilities through activation of macrophages and exert immunomodulatory activity. Coumaran can be used as a biopesticide. .

HY-B1076

Medrysone 1 Publications Verification HMS; 6α-Methyl-11β-hydroxyprogesterone	VEGFR CCR STAT	Neurological Disease
Medrysone (HMS; 6α-Methyl-11β-hydroxyprogesterone) is a STAT6 modulator and M2 macrophage polarization inducer. Medrysone enhances IL-4-triggered STAT6 activation, upregulates the expression of M2 markers, and promotes the secretion of VEGF and CCL2. Medrysone also enhances the pro-migratory activity of M2-like macrophages toward endothelial cells. By regulating macrophage polarization and related repair pathways, Medrysone significantly promotes corneal wound repair in a rat mechanical injury model. Medrysone can be used for research related to corneal injury .

HY-165613

Pam2Cys Dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine; S-[2,3-Bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]cysteine	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Influenza Virus NF-κB	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Pam2Cys (Dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine; S-[2,3-Bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]cysteine) is a TLR2 agonist and immunostimulant. Pam2Cys binds to TLR2 to activate dendritic cells and trigger the TLR2-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. Pam2Cys also induces dendritic cell maturation by upregulating the expression of cell surface MHC II molecules. Pam2Cys activates innate immune signaling pathways, drives pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses, enhances the expression of macrophage activation markers, increases phagocytic activity, induces the release of IL-12 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and polarizes macrophages into a pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial phenotype without interfering with IL-10-induced macrophage polarization. Pam2Cys also serves as the lipid moiety in synthetic lipopeptide vaccines and possesses self-adjuvant properties. Pam2Cys enhances the immunogenicity of conjugated peptide segments and induces cellular and humoral immune responses. However, it does not activate CD4 T cells in mouse splenocyte cultures when used alone. Pam2Cys activates pulmonary TLR2 signaling pathways, triggers innate immune responses, recruits neutrophils and macrophages, induces the secretion of various cytokines, alleviates symptoms and damages associated with influenza A virus infection in mice without impairing adaptive immunity. Pam2Cys can be used in studies related to tuberculosis and influenza A virus infection .

HY-N7976

Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside	NO Synthase	Inflammation/Immunology
Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside is a flavonol diglycoside with NO production inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside targets activated macrophages to block NO production, with an IC₅₀ of 55 μM. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases .

HY-P0240

Tuftsin 4 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide. Tuftsin is a macrophage/microglial activator.

HY-131521

Oxalomalic acid trisodium Oxalomalate trisodium	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)	Cancer
Oxalomalic acid (Oxalomalate) trisodium is a aconitase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Oxalomalic acid trisodium inhibits nitrite production and iNOS protein expression in lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056)-activated J774 macrophages .

HY-118131

PKR-IN-C51	Ser/Thr Protease	Infection
PKR-IN-C51(compound 51) is an ATP-competitive *double-stranded RNA-activated* protein kinase (PKR) inhibitor with an IC₅₀** of 9 μM. PKR-IN-C51 inhibits intracellular PKR activation in a dose-dependent manner in primary mouse macrophages .

HY-N0608

Myrislignan 1 Publications Verification	NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology
Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan attenuates LPS-induced inflammation reaction in murine macrophage cells through inhibition of NF-kB signalling pathway activation .

HY-N11058

Damnacanthol	Lipoxygenase NO Synthase	Inflammation/Immunology
Damnacanthol is a natural product that can be isolated from Damnacanthus major . Damnacanthol has anti-15-lipoxygenase activity and can inhibit nitric oxide production in LPS-activated macrophages RAW 264.7 cells .

HY-N3196

Neotuberostemonine	Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Neotuberostemonine, one of the main antitussive alkaloids in the root of Stemona tuberosa Lour, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the recruitment and activation of macrophages .

HY-P99746

Murlentamab 3C23K; GM102	TGF-β Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Murlentamab (3C23K; GM102) is a humanized anti-AMHRII antibody. AMHRII is the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor. Murlentama significantly promotes macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Murlentama stimulates pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor internal environment, recruits and activates T cells. Murlentama suppresses tumors growth by inducing naïve macrophage orientation and promoting tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) reprogramming .

HY-155657

BT424	Src	Inflammation/Immunology
BT424 is a specific HCK inhibitor. BT424 can regulate macrophage activation and autophagy in vitro. BT424 ameliorates inflammation and kidney fibrosis in UUO model .

HY-103697A

Gardiquimod diTFA	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Cancer
Gardiquimod diTFA is an imidazoline TLR7/8 agonist. Gardiquimod diTFA inhibits HIV-1 infection of macrophages and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Gardiquimod diTFA specifically activates TLR7 at concentrations below 10 μM.

HY-W001174

2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone	ERK NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology
2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone, isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa, inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages by blocking the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways .

HY-156174

E104	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ADC Payload	Cancer
E104 (compound 1) is a potent and selective TLR7 agonist. E104 can be delivered by antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology to elicit potent anticancer activity. E104 induces the activation of mouse macrophages and hPBMCs .

HY-34748

3-Penten-2-one Ethylideneacetone; (3Z)-pent-3-en-2-one	Biochemical Assay Reagents Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
3-Penten-2-one (Ethylideneacetone) inhibits nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression via heme oxygenase-1 induction in RAW264.7 macrophages activated with Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS) .

HY-110084

BTZO-1 2 Publications Verification	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) Apoptosis	Cardiovascular Disease
BTZO-1, a chemical probe, binds to Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with a K_d value of 68.6 nM, and its binding requires the N-terminal Pro1. BTZO-1 can activate antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated gene expression and suppress oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro .

HY-N16039

TAN-1030A	β-glucuronidase	Inflammation/Immunology
TAN-1030A is an indolocarbazole alkaloid with macrophage-activating properties. TAN-1030A induces spreading of a murine macrophage cell line, Mm 1, and augmentes the phagocytic activity, Fc gamma receptor expression and β-glucuronidase activity of murine macrophage cell lines, Mm 1 and J774A.1. TAN-1030A can activate macrophage functions in mice .

HY-P10586A

Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA MALP-2 TFA	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA is an agonist of Toll like receptors TLR-2/TLR-6. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and endothelial cell release of NO, thereby improving vasodilation. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 enhances endothelial adhesion of white blood cells and improve perfusion recovery and collateral growth in the hind limbs of hypercholesterolemic Apoe deficient mice undergoing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL) .

HY-155774

VU533 1 Publications Verification	Phospholipase	Metabolic Disease
APE-PLD (VU533) activator is a potent NAPE-PLD activator with an EC₅₀ value of 0.30 µM. NAPE-PLD activator (VU533) can enhance NAPE-PLD activity and increase efferocytosis by macrophages. NAPE-PLD activator (VU533) can be used for cardiometabolic diseases research .

HY-138869

AubipyOMe	Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
AubipyOMe serves as a potent inhibitor of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5), a metalloenzyme found in activated osteoclasts and macrophages, demonstrating IC₅₀ values of 1.3 μM for TRAP5a and 1.8 μM for TRAP5b, while effectively inhibiting TRAP activity in extracts from murine macrophages and human lung tissue.

HY-159114

Whole Glucan Particles	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Inflammation/Immunology
Whole Glucan Particles is a Dectin-1a agonist. Whole Glucan Particles activates the innate immune system to improve the function of macrophages, monocytes and other immune cells .

HY-P11107

RP-832c	Apoptosis TNF Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
RP-832c is a synthetic analogue of host defense peptides (HDP), targeting the mannose receptor CD206 on the surface of M2 polarized macrophages (K_d = 3.5 μM). RP-832c binding to CD206 induces a significant conformational change in the receptor, activating signaling pathways that lead to rapid apoptosis and repolarization of CD206-positive M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype. RP-832c treatment significantly reduces CD206 gene expression in M2 macrophages while transiently increasing expression of TNF-α, a marker for M1 macrophages. RP-832c is used for the studies of T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) .

HY-139064

NPBA	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
NPBA, a potassium K2P channel TASK-3 (KCNK9) agonist, is a tandem pore domain weak inward rectifying K ⁺ channel (TWIK2) channel blocker. NPBA suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages .

HY-13682B

Mifamurtide sodium 5 Publications Verification MTP-PE sodium; L-MTP-PE sodium; CGP 19835 sodium	NOD-like Receptor (NLR)	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Mifamurtide sodium (MTP-PE sodium), an analog of the muramyl dipeptide (MDP), is a nonspecific immunomodulator by stimulating the immune response activating macrophages and monocytes. Mifamurtide sodium is a specific ligand for NOD2 and acts as an insulin sensitizer. Mifamurtide sodium has potential for use in rare disease and osteosarcoma research .

HY-13682C

Mifamurtide TFA 5 Publications Verification MTP-PE TFA; L-MTP-PE TFA; CGP 19835 TFA	NOD-like Receptor (NLR)	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Mifamurtide TFA (MTP-PE TFA), an analog of the muramyl dipeptide (MDP), is a nonspecific immunomodulator by stimulating the immune response activating macrophages and monocytes. Mifamurtide TFA is a specific ligand for NOD2 and acts as an insulin sensitizer. Mifamurtide TFA has potential for use in rare disease and osteosarcoma research .

HY-126390

(E/Z)-BCI 1 Publications Verification NSC 150117	Phosphatase Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
(E/Z)-BCI (NSC 150117) is a dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activities. (E/Z)-BCI attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory mediators and ROS production in macrophage cells via activating the Nrf2 signaling axis and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway .

HY-N4231

Lucyoside B	NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology
Lucyoside B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators via both NF-κB and activator protein-1 pathways in activated macrophages .

HY-142125

Broussochalcone A	Xanthine Oxidase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC₅₀=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways .

HY-125827

13-Methylberberine chloride 13-Methylberberinium chloride	Interleukin Related	Metabolic Disease Cancer
13-Methylberberine chloride (13-Methylberberinium chloride), a berberine analogue, has anti-adipogenic and antitumor activities. 13-Methylberberine chloride (13-Methylberberinium chloride) increases production of IL-12 and inhibits the expression of iNOS at posttranscriptional level in macrophages activated with LPS .

HY-P10586

Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 MALP-2	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP-2) is an agonist of Toll like receptors TLR-2/TLR-6. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 can enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and endothelial cell release of NO, thereby improving vasodilation. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 can enhance endothelial adhesion of white blood cells and improve perfusion recovery and collateral growth in the hind limbs of hypercholesterolemic Apoe deficient mice undergoing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL) .

HY-164386

Defoslimod OM 174	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Defoslimod (OM 174) is an agonist for TLR4 receptor and acts as an immunomodulator. Defoslimod activates macrophages and dendritic cells, induces cytokines secretion, and exhibits antitumor efficacy in rats .

HY-122936

Tanshindiol C	Histone Methyltransferase Keap1-Nrf2 Sirtuin	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Tanshindiol C is a S-adenosylmethionine-competitive EZH2 (Histone Methyltransferase) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.55 μM for inhibiting the methyltransferase activity. Tanshindiol C is also an activator of both Nrf2 and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in macrophages. Tanshindiol C possesses anti-cancer activity, and can be used for atherosclerosis research .

HY-N12283

NF-κB-IN-13	NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology
NF-κB-IN-13 (compound 12) can significantly inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation and NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. NF-κB-IN-13 has anti-inflammatory effects .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L174

Macrophage Related Compound Library

264 compounds

Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system, engulfing bacteria and secreting pro-inflammatory and antibacterial mediators. They are an important component of the first line defense against pathogens and tumor cells. In addition, macrophages play an important role in eliminating damaged cells through programmed cell death. Like all immune cells, macrophages originate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Macrophages play key functions in many physiological processes beyond homeostasis and innate immunity, including metabolic function, cell debris clearance, tissue repair, and remodeling. In order to fulfill their different functional roles, macrophages can polarize into a series of phenotypes, including classic (pro inflammatory, M1) and alternative (anti-inflammatory, healing promoting, M2) activation states, as well as a wide range of regulatory phenotypes and subtypes. Macrophages exist in all vertebrate tissues and have a dual function in host protection and tissue damage, maintaining a good balance.

MCE designs a unique collection of 264 macrophage related compounds. It is a good tool to be used for research on Inflammation, cancer and other diseases.

HY-L156

Autoimmune Disease Compound Library

958 compounds

Autoimmune disease is a pathological disease characterized by inflammatory disorders targeting autoantigens. The routine treatment of autoimmune diseases suppresses general immune function to regulate uncontrolled inflammation. The current targeted immunotherapy suppresses the main pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by blocking inflammatory cytokines, cell surface molecules, and intracellular kinases. As key participants in innate immunity, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for Ag presentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, such as TNF and IL-1 β、 IL-6, IL-23, B cell activating factor (BAFF), and the proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL, also known as TNFSF13A).

MCE designs a unique collection of 958 autoimmune disease-related compounds, covering multiple targets and subtypes, such as TNF Receptor, IFNAR, JAK, Btk, TLR, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, etc. It is a useful tool for screening autoimmune disease drugs.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-D2769

Oregon green 488 azide

Difluorocarboxyfluorescein azide, 6-isomer

Fluorescent Dyes

Oregon green 488 azide (Difluorocarboxyfluorescein azide, 6-isomer) is a bright green fluorescent azide-activated probe that reacts with terminal alkynes via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Oregon green 488 azide can label goat anti-mouse IgG and exhibits excellent luminescence efficiency. Oregon green 488 azide, as a streptavidin conjugate, is used for flow cytometry staining of macrophages .

HY-D2729

Cy3-NO2-Tre

Fluorescent Dyes

Cy3-NO2-Tre is a nitroreductase-responsive cyanine-based fluorescent probe that specifically labels Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Cy3-NO2-tre generated fluorescence after activation by a specific nitroreductase, Rv3368c, which is conserved in the Mycobacteriaceae. Cy3-NO2-tre effectively imaged mycobacteria within infected host cells, tracked the infection process, and visualized Mycobacterium smegmatis being endocytosed by macrophages (Ex/Em= 540-550/575-625 nm) .

HY-D3197

CDg16

Fluorescent Dyes

CDg16 is a selective fluorescent dye targeting SLC18B1 (λ_abs/λ_em=458/544 nm) that is actively transported into lysosomal vesicles of activated macrophages independent of the endocytic pathway. CDg16 enables highly specific vesicle localization in live cells. CDg16 exhibits no cytotoxicity and accurately distinguishes activated M1 and M2 subsets from different origins. CDg16 shows low background staining in non-activated cells and normal organs, making it suitable for time-lapse imaging. In preclinical animal models of inflammatory sites, atherosclerotic plaques and liver inflammation, CDg16 allows visualization of activated macrophages. CDg16 can be used to study inflammation-related diseases and atherosclerosis .

HY-D3190

BODIPY−DOX

Fluorescent Dyes

BODIPY-DOX is a conjugate composed of BODIPY and Doxorubicin (HY-15142A), as well as a pH-activated fluorescent probe for M1 macrophages and an apoptosis inducer. BODIPY-DOX undergoes pH-induced hydrazone bond cleavage in acidic M1 macrophage phagosomes, thereby releasing cytotoxic Doxorubicin (Dox) and inhibiting the function of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. BODIPY-DOX highly selectively inhibits the production of relevant pro-inflammatory cytokines by mouse and human monocyte-derived M1 macrophages, while exerting minimal effects on M2 or unactivated macrophages. Therefore, BODIPY-DOX enables simultaneous fluorescent tracing, differentiation and elimination of specific macrophage subsets, and exhibits the potential to regulate tissue regeneration in zebrafish models .

HY-D3153

PbQ

Fluorescent Dyes

PbQ is a tubulin inhibitor (with an IC₅₀ of 5 μM against goat tubulin) and a fluorescent probe for cuprous ions Cu (I). PbQ can penetrate the membrane of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, form a stable 1:1 complex with Cu ⁺ ions, and exhibits low toxicity and good biocompatibility toward macrophage cell lines. In addition, PbQ promotes tubulin degradation and disrupts the microtubule network in lung epithelial cells without affecting actin. PbQ also possesses genotoxicity by forming DNA base adducts, and it can activate caspase-3 and apoptosis-related genes, induce loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and trigger cell apoptosis. PbQ can be used in studies related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-134816

D-Glucan

Biochemical Assay Reagents

D-Glucan is an orally effective Dectin-1 receptor immune activator with antioxidant properties (reducing TNF-α). D-Glucan activates macrophages and neutrophils to scavenge free radicals, inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and improve insulin sensitivity. D-Glucan promotes glycolysis by enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and activating GK. D-Glucan can be used in the research of liver damage protection (antagonizing Acetaminophen (HY-66005) toxicity), radiation protection (synergistic with vitamin E) and diabetes (improving glucose metabolism) .

HY-Y0850U3

PVA (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization)

Polyvinyl alcohol (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization); Poly(Ethenol) (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization) is a water-soluble, biodegradable, biocompatible and non-immunogenic polymer. PVA (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization) causes no irritation to rabbit eyes, no skin sensitization in guinea pigs, promotes the proliferation of human skin keratinocytes, and reduces the loss of corneal endothelial cells. The LD₅₀ of PVA (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization) in rats and dogs is greater than 10 g/kg. PVA (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization) is hardly absorbed by the digestive system, causes no adverse effects upon long-term oral administration, and shows no mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. However, repeated intravenous or portal vein injection of PVA (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization) may induce pathological changes such as glomerular lesions, anemia, hypertension or liver fibrosis in rats or dogs. Crosslinked nanofibers prepared by modifying PVA (Mw 125000, 98-99% hydrolyzed, ~2800 polymerization) can be used in studies related to wound dressings and other applications .

HY-159069

Zymosan (ZM), 95%

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Zymosan (ZM), 95% is a yeast cell wall-derived carbohydrate-rich preparation and immunomodulator. Zymosan (ZM), 95% binds to and activates TLR-2, TLR-4, and Dectin-1 receptor to trigger downstream signaling pathways. Zymosan (ZM), 95% upregulates TLR-2, TLR-4, and TNF-α mRNA expression, increases serum TNF-α levels, and stimulates splenocyte number and viability in mice. Zymosan (ZM), 95% attenuates melanoma growth progression, modulates macrophage marker gene expression, and mediates phagocytosis, ROS generation, and cytokine production. Zymosan (ZM), 95% reduces Connexin 43 protein and mRNA levels, inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication, and induces proinflammatory factor production in human corneal cells. Zymosan (ZM), 95% induces peritoneal inflammation in mice, functions as a drug carrier, and supports fibroblast cell attachment in hydrogel formulations. Zymosan (ZM), 95% can be used for the research of melanoma, tumors, fungal keratitis, ocular surface inflammatory disorders, and peritoneal inflammation .

HY-142980

DOPG

Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol

Biochemical Assay Reagents

DOPG (Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol) is a negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol phospholipid. DOPG is abundant in prokaryotic cell membranes and mitochondria, and has a low phase transition temperature and a tendency to form stable vesicles. DOPG inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages in response to heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4)-activated toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). DOPG is applicable to studies of membrane biology, drug-membrane interactions (especially in systems targeting negatively charged membranes), construction of drug delivery carriers, as well as research on sterile corneal inflammation and wound healing promotion .

HY-139410

Sodium caseinates

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Sodium caseinates is a kind of sodium salts of major milk proteins, which act as protein-based biopolymers and innate immune system activators. Sodium caseinates induce granulopoiesis, activation and differentiation, promote the production of M-CSF, and increase serum levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF. Sodium caseinates inhibit the proliferation and reduce the viability of leukemia macrophage-like cells, thereby significantly improving the survival rate of mice inoculated with leukemia cells. Sodium caseinates can serve as carriers for probiotics in edible films and exhibit anti-Listeria activity. Sodium caseinates effectively protect vitamin A from degradation, enhance its stability, bioaccessibility and bioavailability, and regulate protein digestibility when complexed with vitamin A. Sodium caseinates can be applied to research related to acute monocytic leukemia and vitamin A deficiency .

HY-W040255

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

PGPC

Biochemical Assay Reagents

1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an oxidized phospholipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine reduces the viability of HUVECs, increases the levels of ferrous ions and lipid peroxidation, promotes the production of superoxide anions, and decreases the levels of glutathione and GPX4 in cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine upregulates the mRNA and protein levels of FABP3 in HUVECs, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces ferroptosis-related changes as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and damage. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine activates caspase-11 and promotes the continuous release of IL-1β from macrophages and dendritic cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine inhibits the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and induces apoptosis in these cells. 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is applicable to relevant research on atherosclerosis .

HY-D1056F

Biotin-Lipopolysaccharide, from E.coli O111:B4

Biotin-LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Biotin-Lipopolysaccharide, from E.coli O111:B4 (Biotin-LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)) is a biotin-conjugated Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056A1) that can be coupled with streptavidin protein. Biotin-Lipopolysaccharide, from E.coli O111:B4 can be used to identify Lipopolysaccharide ligands. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O111:B4) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, R3-type core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 activate TLR-4 in immune cells and can cause significant gastric diseases. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 can also induce M1-type polarization in mouse macrophages .
It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.

HY-34748

3-Penten-2-one Ethylideneacetone; (3Z)-pent-3-en-2-one	Biochemical Assay Reagents
3-Penten-2-one (Ethylideneacetone) inhibits nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression via heme oxygenase-1 induction in RAW264.7 macrophages activated with Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS) .

HY-159114

Whole Glucan Particles	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Whole Glucan Particles is a Dectin-1a agonist. Whole Glucan Particles activates the innate immune system to improve the function of macrophages, monocytes and other immune cells .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P4855

CRAMP (mouse) 1 Publications Verification	Bacterial TNF Receptor	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
CRAMP (mouse) is an antibacterial peptide and a functional homolog of LL-37 . CRAMP (mouse) exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria . The complex formed by CRAMP (mouse) and CpG can activate macrophages to secrete TNF-α . CRAMP (mouse) plays a key role in wound healing, immune regulation and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis .

HY-P6442

Chemerin15	Chemerin Receptor Syk ERK Src p38 MAPK P-selectin	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Chemerin15 is an anti-inflammatory peptide derived from Chemerin. Chemerin15 binds to ChemR23. Chemerin15 inhibits TNFα-induced activation of Syk, ERK and Src kinases. Chemerin15 increases the expression of p-p38 mRNA and protein. Chemerin15 mediates phagocytosis, resolution of inflammation, CD62L shedding and downregulation of PSGL-1 expression in macrophages and microglia. Chemerin15 inhibits neutrophil-mediated vascular inflammation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via ChemR23. Chemerin15 enhances microglial phagocytosis, thereby alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury .

HY-P1181A

Pam2CSK4 TFA 1 Publications Verification	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase IKK Akt PKC NF-κB p38 MAPK Interleukin Related	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Pam2CSK4 TFA is a TLR2 agonist. Pam2CSK4 TFA induces the expression of iNOS and NO in macrophage cell lines via TBK1 and MyD88 molecules. Pam2CSK4 TFA activates the NF-κB and Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in platelets, and promotes platelet-endothelial cell interactions. TLR2 activation triggered by Pam2CSK4 TFA expands myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppresses anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Pam2CSK4 TFA acts as a Th2-polarizing adjuvant in mouse vaccine models against Leishmania major and Brugia malayi. Pam2CSK4 TFA can be used in the research of various diseases, including thromboinflammatory diseases, sepsis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, influenza, lymphoma, melanoma, cutaneous leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis .

HY-P0240

Tuftsin 4 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide. Tuftsin is a macrophage/microglial activator.

HY-P11108

RP-182	NF-κB Apoptosis TNF Receptor Caspase	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
RP-182 is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide that exerts anti-tumor effects by targeting the mannose receptor CD206 (K_d = 8 μM) on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). RP-182 induces a conformational switch of the CD206 receptor, which activates NF-κB signaling and phagocytosis in CD206 ^high TAMs. RP-182 has dual function: activation of canonical NF-κB signaling, triggering TNFα secretion and autocrine activation of the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), leading to activation of caspase 8, apoptosis, and cell death. RP-182 is used in pancreatic cancer and melanoma research .

HY-P1181

Pam2CSK4	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase IKK Akt PKC NF-κB p38 MAPK Interleukin Related	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Pam2CSK4 is a TLR2 agonist. Pam2CSK4 induces the expression of iNOS and NO in macrophage cell lines via TBK1 and MyD88 molecules. Pam2CSK4 activates the NF-κB and Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in platelets, and promotes platelet-endothelial cell interactions. TLR2 activation triggered by Pam2CSK4 expands myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppresses anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Pam2CSK4 acts as a Th2-polarizing adjuvant in mouse vaccine models against Leishmania major and Brugia malayi. Pam2CSK4 can be used in the research of various diseases, including thromboinflammatory diseases, sepsis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, influenza, lymphoma, melanoma, cutaneous leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis .

HY-P6084

RP-220	NOD-like Receptor (NLR) p38 MAPK Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
RP-220 is a renalase peptide targeting NLRP3. RP220 has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. RP220 inhibits renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis with alkaline insult by activating MAPK signaling pathway. RP220 significantly inhibits NLRP3 expression and reduces macrophage infiltration and kidney tissue damage in acute kidney injury (AKI) mice model. RP-220 can be uses for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its complication lupus nephritis (LN) research .

HY-P10586A

Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA MALP-2 TFA	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA is an agonist of Toll like receptors TLR-2/TLR-6. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and endothelial cell release of NO, thereby improving vasodilation. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 enhances endothelial adhesion of white blood cells and improve perfusion recovery and collateral growth in the hind limbs of hypercholesterolemic Apoe deficient mice undergoing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL) .

HY-P11107

RP-832c	Apoptosis TNF Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
RP-832c is a synthetic analogue of host defense peptides (HDP), targeting the mannose receptor CD206 on the surface of M2 polarized macrophages (K_d = 3.5 μM). RP-832c binding to CD206 induces a significant conformational change in the receptor, activating signaling pathways that lead to rapid apoptosis and repolarization of CD206-positive M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype. RP-832c treatment significantly reduces CD206 gene expression in M2 macrophages while transiently increasing expression of TNF-α, a marker for M1 macrophages. RP-832c is used for the studies of T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) .

HY-P1076A

CALP2 TFA	Calmodulin	Inflammation/Immunology
CALP2 TFA is a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist (K_d of 7.9 µM) with high affinity for binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca ²⁺-binding site. CALP2 TFA inhibits CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity and increases intracellular Ca ²⁺ concentrations. CALP2 TFA potently inhibits of adhesion and degranulation. CALP2 TFA is also a strong activator of alveolar macrophages .

HY-P10586

Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 MALP-2	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP-2) is an agonist of Toll like receptors TLR-2/TLR-6. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 can enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and endothelial cell release of NO, thereby improving vasodilation. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 can enhance endothelial adhesion of white blood cells and improve perfusion recovery and collateral growth in the hind limbs of hypercholesterolemic Apoe deficient mice undergoing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL) .

HY-P11108A

RP-182 acetate	NF-κB Apoptosis TNF Receptor Caspase	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
RP-182 acetate is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide that exerts anti-tumor effects by targeting the mannose receptor CD206 (K_d = 8 μM) on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). RP-182 acetate induces a conformational switch of the CD206 receptor, which activates NF-κB signaling and phagocytosis in CD206 ^high TAMs. RP-182 acetate has dual function: activation of canonical NF-κB signaling, triggering TNFα secretion and autocrine activation of the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), leading to activation of caspase 8, apoptosis, and cell death. RP-182 acetate is used in pancreatic cancer and melanoma research .

HY-P10972

GIP (22-51) human Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (22-51) (human)	NF-κB MMP Calcium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
GIP (22-51) human (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (22-51) human) is a potent proatherosclerotic peptide hormone consisting of 30 amino acids. GIP (22-51) human can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, promote the expression of MMP-8, and induce the expression of proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic proteins. GIP (22-51) human can also increase the level of intracellular free Ca ²⁺ in THP-1-induced macrophages. GIP (22-51) human can be used in the research of atherosclerosis .

HY-P0240A

Tuftsin diacetate	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Tuftsin diacetate, a tetrapeptide, is a *macrophage/microglial* activator.

HY-P4802

Pam3-Cys-Ala-Gly	Bacterial	Inflammation/Immunology
Pam3-Cys-Ala-Gly, a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide, is a potent macrophage and B cell activator .

HY-P6183

LXJ-02	MMP	Cancer
LXJ-02 is a potent inhibitor of EDPs/EBP peptide–protein interaction, with the K_D of 117 μM for EDPs. LXJ-02 activates the macrophage-MMP-12 axis to increase MMP-12 expression and degrade ECM components like elastin .

HY-P1076

CALP2	Calmodulin	Inflammation/Immunology
CALP2 is a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist ( (K_d of 7.9 µM)) with high affinity for binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca ²⁺-binding site. CALP2 inhibits CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity and increases intracellular Ca ²⁺ concentrations. CALP2 potently inhibits of adhesion and degranulation. CALP2 is also a strong activator of alveolar macrophages .

HY-P11298

d-T101 peptide	Caspase Apoptosis JNK p38 MAPK Interleukin Related IFNAR	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
d-T101 peptide, a human hormone-peptide, is a T1/ST2 receptor ligand. d-T101 peptide binds to the T1/ST2 receptor and activates caspases 8, 9 and 3 mediated apoptosis, together with activation of JNKinase and p38 MAPKinase. d-T101 peptide also changes Golgi structural with function loss and downregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress repair mechanism. d-T101 peptide has immunostimulatory and anticancer activity, selectively induces apoptosis in proliferating cancer cells and increases IL-2 and IFN-γ expression as well as the recruitment of NK cells and M1 macrophages to the tumor site .

HY-P11242

Cm-CATH2	Bacterial NF-κB p38 MAPK JNK ERK TNF Receptor Interleukin Related	Infection
Cm-CATH2 is an antimicrobial peptide discovered from Chelonia mydas. Cm-CATH2 has a potent, broad-spectrum and rapid bactericidal ability by rapidly destroying the integrity of bacterial cell membranes. It shows strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria (such as VREF, Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae), and fungi (such as Candida albicans) with MICs ranges from 1.17 to 18.75 μg/mL. Cm-CATH2 is also effective against various aquatic pathogenic bacteria. Cm-CATH2 not only inhibits biofilm formation but can also remove the formed biofilms. Cm-CATH2 has immunomodulatory functions and chemotactic effects on immune cells, and can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages stimulated by LPS (HY-D1056). Cm-CATH2 prevents the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting the degradation of IκBα, and also inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathways (p38, JNK, ERK). Cm-CATH2 demonstrates strong anti-infective ability in mouse peritonitis models and pneumonia models .

HY-P11753

IKVAVC	TGF-beta/Smad	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
IKVAVC is a derivative peptide of IKVAV with an artificially added cysteine (Cys) at its C-terminus. IKVAVC retains all the biological activities of the original IKVAV, mainly acting as a neural adhesion/differentiation signaling peptide, and is equipped with an engineered linker arm that enables covalent conjugation to molecular materials. IKVAV inhibits the migration and activation of fibroblasts, downregulates the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes nerve repair. IKVAV regulates the phenotype of macrophages, shifting them from the pro-inflammatory M1 type to the pro-reparative M2 type .

HY-P11467

Gy-CATH	Bacterial p38 MAPK NF-κB PERK JNK	Cardiovascular Disease Infection
Gy-CATH is an anionic antimicrobial peptide. Gy-CATH activates MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways (elevated levels of phospho-ERK, -p38, -JNK, -p65, and -IκBα). Gy-CATH upregulates the expression levels of three physiological anticoagulant pathways. Gy-CATH inhibits ADP-, Collagen-, and PMA-induced platelet aggregation. Gy-CATH has no direct antimicrobial activity, but shows significant preventive abilities against mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Methicillin (HY-121544)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Gy-CATH exhibits potent immunomodulatory activity, enhancing macrophage-and neutrophil-mediated bactericidal functions. Gy-CATH significantly reduces the extent of pulmonary fibrin deposition and prevents thrombosis in mice .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area	Image

HY-P990045

Lixudebart ALE.F02	Claudin	Endocrinology
Lixudebart (ALE.F02) is a humanized immunoglobulin G1-kappa, anti-CLDN1 monoclonal antibody. Lixudebart disrupts CLDN1 interactions with CD44 and MMP14, reduces renal macrophage infiltration, epithelial activation, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and attenuates glomerulosclerosis. Lixudebart can be used for the research of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis .

HY-P99236

Bexmarilimab 1 Publications Verification FP-1305	Transmembrane Glycoprotein	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Bexmarilimab (FP-1305) is a potent humanized anti-CLEVER-1 IgG4 antibody with an IC₅₀ value of 4.51 nM. Bexmarilimab is capable of inducing a phenotypic M2 to M1 immune switch of tumor-associated macrophages. Bexmarilimab can promote antigen presentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Bexmarilimab can induce B-cell and T-cell activation. Bexmarilimab can be used in researches of immunology and cancer, such as colorectal carcinoma .

HY-P991257

MK-1966 1 Publications Verification	Interleukin Related CXCR MHC	Cancer
MK-1966 is an anti-IL-10 antibody. MK-1966 inhibits secretion of cytokines from activated macrophages, production of CC and CXC chemokines, and a TH1 response, down-regulates MHC and costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells (DCs), and induces regulatory T cells. MK-1966 can be used for the research of cancer , such as gastric cancer .

HY-P99136

Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) 1 Publications Verification	IFNAR	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) is an anti-mouse IFN gamma IgG antibody inhibitor derived from host Armenian Hamster. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) abrogates specific binding of ^I25II-rIFN-γ to macrophages. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) inhibits macrophage-activating factor (MAF) (ID₅₀ = 56 ng). Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) inhibits IFN-gamma dependent antiviral activity (ID₅₀ = 2 ng). Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) neutralizes IFNγ in mice. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) can be used for the researches of inflammation and infection, such as arthritis .

HY-P99746

Murlentamab 3C23K; GM102	TGF-β Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Murlentamab (3C23K; GM102) is a humanized anti-AMHRII antibody. AMHRII is the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor. Murlentama significantly promotes macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Murlentama stimulates pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor internal environment, recruits and activates T cells. Murlentama suppresses tumors growth by inducing naïve macrophage orientation and promoting tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) reprogramming .

HY-P991444

IPH5201	NTPDase ATP Synthase	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
IPH5201 is a selective CD39 inhibitor and a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody. IPH5201 selectively binds to and inhibits the enzymatic activity of both membrane-bound and soluble CD39, blocking ATP hydrolysis. IPH5201 enhances the phenotypic maturation and activation of dendritic cells and macrophages. IPH5201 potentiates the anti-tumor effect of Oxaliplatin (HY-17371). IPH5201 shows preliminary evidence of disease stabilization in advanced solid tumor models when used as a single agent or in combination with Durvalumab (HY-P9919). IPH5201 can be used for the research of advanced solid tumors .

HY-P990068

Perenostobart SRF617	NTPDase	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Perenostobart (SRF617) is a human IgG4 antibody with inhibitory activity against CD39 ATPase. Perenostobart inhibits CD39-mediated hydrolysis of extracellular ATP to AMP, with IC₅₀ values of 1.9 nM (HEK293 OE cells), 0.7 nM (MOLP-8 cells), and 1.2 nM (RBC-lysed whole blood). Perenostobart enhances CD4 ⁺ T-cell proliferation, promotes dendritic cell maturation, and boosts inflammasome activation in macrophages in the presence of ATP. Perenostobart demonstrates significant single-agent anti-tumor efficacy in MOLP-8 and H520 xenograft models. Perenostobart can be used for the study of cancer .

HY-P990723

Timdarpacept	CD47	Cancer
Timdarpacept (DNL310) is a recombinant SIRPa-Fc fusion protein that can activate macrophages to enhance anti-tumor activity by blocking CD47-SIRPa .

HY-P991181

VTX-1218	Transmembrane Glycoprotein	Cancer
VTX-1218 is a VSIG4 inhibitor with human K_d 7.4 nM. VTX-1218 blocks VSIG4 activity, relieves VSIG4-mediated macrophage suppression, repolarizes tumor-associated macrophages and induces T cell activation. VTX-1218 upregulates cytokines and chemokines linked to immune cell recruitment. VTX-1218 can be used for the research of multiple cancer types .

HY-P992353

ES009	LILRB	Cancer
ES009 is a high-affinity LILRB2 antagonist, with IC₅₀ values of 14.07 nM and 18.61 nM for inhibiting hLILRB2-huANGPTL3 and hLILRB2-huANGPTL4, respectively. ES009 specifically blocks the interactions between LILRB2 and MHC class I as well as non-MHC ligands, thereby effectively inhibiting receptor activation. ES009 can reprogram anti-inflammatory myeloid cells and induce their conversion to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and also reverse the T cell suppression mediated by macrophages. When combined with anti-PD-1 blockade therapy, ES009 synergistically enhances T cell activation. ES009 can be used in research related to advanced solid tumors and ovarian cancer .

HY-P992379

IB001 BAG3-H2L4	Bcl-2 Family	Cancer
IB001 is a humanized anti-BAG3 antibody that inhibits BAG3, with a K_D value of 14.4 nM for human BAG3. IB001 blocks BAG3-dependent monocyte/macrophage activation, interferes with the interaction between BAG3 and IFITM-2, and disrupts tumor microenvironment signaling pathways. IB001 inhibits tumor growth, reduces α-SMA-positive fibroblasts, and blocks BAG3-dependent IL-6 release. IB001 accumulates in a time-dependent manner in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors. IB001 can be used for research related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma .

HY-P992389

IO-202	LILRB	Cancer
IO-202 is a high-affinity LILRB4/ILT3 binder and myeloid checkpoint inhibitor. IO-202 blocks APOE binding and LILRB4 activation to reverse T-cell suppression and enhance T-cell cytotoxicity, while eliminating LILRB4-high-expressing leukemic blasts via ADCC and ADCP mechanisms. IO-202 promotes dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation, reshapes the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages, and reduces myeloid-derived suppressor cells. IO-202 is widely applicable to research on relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and solid tumors .

HY-P992454

S095018	Tim3	Cancer
S095018 (Sym023) is a human IgG2-type inhibitor targeting T cell immunoglobulin and TIM-3. S095018 competitively blocks the binding of multiple ligands such as Gal-9 and phosphatidylserine to TIM-3. S095018 stimulates the anti-tumor activity of T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, and exhibits good safety both as a monotherapy and in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody Sym021. S095018 also induces an increase in the density of CD8 ⁺T cells in the tumor microenvironment, and upregulates gene signatures associated with IFN-γ signaling, antigen presentation and T cell activation. S095018 can be used for the research of advanced/metastatic recurrent biliary tract cancer .

HY-P992369

HMBD-002	VISTA	Cancer
HMBD-002 is an Fc-independent, non-depleting IgG4 subclass antibody that targets VISTA and VSIG3. It is widely used in research related to various solid tumors, including colon cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. HMBD-002 blocks the interactions of VISTA with VSIG3 and LRIG1, relieves immunosuppression without depleting VISTA-positive cells, activates the cytotoxic program of CD8 ⁺ T cells, and drives the type I interferon signaling pathway. HMBD-002 reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to the M1 phenotype, reduces tumor infiltration of inhibitory myeloid cells, thereby significantly inhibiting tumor growth and improving survival. HMBD-002 is well tolerated in rodent and non-human primate animal models .

HY-P992059

Anti-Mouse CD1d Antibody (1B1)	CD1	Cancer
Anti-Mouse CD1d Antibody (1B1) is an antibody targeting mouse CD1d (K_d=12.5 nM). By inserting into the lipid-binding groove of CD1d, Anti-Mouse CD1d Antibody (1B1) overlaps with the binding sites of type I and type II NKT cell receptors (TCR), thereby effectively blocking TCR-mediated interactions. Anti-Mouse CD1d Antibody (1B1) activates antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, induces them to release IL-12p70, and increases the levels of key cytokines including IL-12, IFN-γ and IFN-α in mouse serum. Anti-Mouse CD1d Antibody (1B1) can be used in studies related to renal cancer, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma. When combined with anti-DR5 or anti-CD137 antibodies and chemotherapeutic drugs, Anti-Mouse CD1d Antibody (1B1) exhibits significant tumor inhibitory and even eradication effects in mice .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N7038

Phytohemagglutinin 5+ Cited Publications PHA-M	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Glycine max (L.) merr Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB COX Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a T-cell activator. Phytohemagglutinin stimulates human mononuclear leukocytes, inducing the expression of ChAT mRNA and potentiating ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin induces dose- and time-dependent toxicity in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, alters cellular morphology, causes organelle dysfunction, and increases the expression of NF-κB, COX2, IL-1β .

HY-N0171A

Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98%) 15+ Cited Publications β-Sitosterol (purity>98%); 22,23-Dihydrostigmasterol (purity>98%)	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Glycine max (L.) merr Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Bacterial Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MDM-2/p53 Caspase PARP MMP Bcl-2 Family HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase TNF Receptor Interleukin Related NF-κB mTOR Lactate Dehydrogenase CDK Glutathione Peroxidase SOD
Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc .

HY-113134

25-Hydroxycholesterol Maximum Cited Publications 28 Publications Verification 25-OHC	Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) is a metabolite of cholesterol that is produced and secreted by macrophages in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. 25-hydroxycholesterol is a potent (EC₅₀≈65 nM) and selective suppressor of IgA production by B cells.

HY-N0177

Diosgenin 5+ Cited Publications	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites other families Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	STAT MicroRNA
Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway . Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57 . Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression .

HY-N0171

Beta-Sitosterol (purity>80%) 20+ Cited Publications	Cardiovascular Disease other families Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Plants Endogenous metabolite Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Beta-Sitosterol (purity≥80%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc .

HY-113402

Gamma-glutamylcysteine 4 Publications Verification γ-Glu-Cys	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related TNF Receptor AMPK Sirtuin STAT PI3K NF-κB JAK p38 MAPK JNK Akt Apoptosis Ferroptosis
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide . Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease .

HY-N9481

Lipoteichoic acid 1 Publications Verification	Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Complement System Autophagy mTOR Akt PI3K ERK Interleukin Related
Lipoteichoic acid is an orally effect anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. Lipoteichoic acid is a crucial immune molecule in Gram-positive bacteria that activates the complement system by inducing C3 and inhibiting CD55. Lipoteichoic acid regulates macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Lipoteichoic acid induces lung damage in mice. Lipoteichoic acid inhibits the production of melanin .

HY-N6871

Abietic acid 3 Publications Verification	Infection Colophony Classification of Application Fields Pinaceae Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Bacterial IKK Ferroptosis
Abietic acid, an orally active diterpene isolated from Colophony, displays significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect, bacteriostatic, cell cycle arresting and pro-apoptotic activities. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy. Abietic acid enhances cell migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Abietic acid induces significant angiogenic potential, which is associated with upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 expression. Abietic acid attenuates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Abietic acid exhibits a positive effect against liver injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis. Abietic acid shows accelerated wound closure in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds. Abietic acid significantly reduces the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells by IKKβ inhibition.Additionally, Abietic acid ameliorates psoriasis-like inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Abietic acid is promising for research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), liver injury-related deseases and psoriasis .

HY-N0637

Eriodictyol 10+ Cited Publications Huazhongilexone	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Plants Endogenous metabolite Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Flavonoids other families Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Melanocortin Receptor TRP Channel
Eriodictyol ((±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin) is an orally active TRPV1 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀=44-47 nM, rTRPV1) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Eriodictyol effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by specifically antagonizing the TRPV1 receptor and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eriodictyol reduces the levels of ICAM-1, VEGF, eNOS and TNF-α in the retina and maintains the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. Eriodictyol alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and hyperalgesia, enhances the activity and cytotoxicity of immune cells (such as B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages), and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously. Eriodictyol can be used in the research of diabetic retinopathy, acute lung injury and various pain-related diseases .

HY-113224

Desmosterol 5 Publications Verification	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite LXR Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NOD-like Receptor (NLR)
Desmosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. In the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, Desmosterol is a direct precursor of cholesterol. As an endogenous metabolite, Desmosterol is used to study cholesterol metabolism . Desmosterol is an LXR activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can suppress macrophage inflammasome activation and prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A reduction in Desmosterol promotes the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and pyrin domain-dependent inflammasome activation of NLRP3. Desmosterol holds potential for research in inflammation, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases .

HY-N0577

Apiin 1 Publications Verification Apigenin 7-O-apiosylglucoside; Apigenin 7-(2-O-apiosylglucoside)	Structural Classification Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Umbelliferae Plants Baccharis sarothroides A.Gray Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase
Apiin is a flavonoid glycoside-based iNOS inhibitor. Apiin inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages. Apiin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N0569

Madecassic acid 2 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Umbelliferae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase COX TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells .

HY-113402A

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA 4 Publications Verification γ-Glu-Cys TFA	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite AMPK Sirtuin STAT PI3K NF-κB JAK p38 MAPK JNK Akt Apoptosis Ferroptosis
Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-Glu-Cys TFA) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide . Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease .

HY-N6985

Baccatin III 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Taxaceae Diterpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. Source Classification Cancer	Others
Baccatin III is an orally available, selective inhibitor of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) activation. Baccatin III targets the AKT/STAT6 and Smad2/3 pathways, blocking TGF-β1-induced fibroblast differentiation and MDSC-mediated immunosuppression. Baccatin III exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by inhibiting macrophage activation and extracellular matrix deposition, and shows potential in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and cancer in terms of regulating the tumor immune microenvironment .

HY-W011121

2-Oleoylglycerol 1 Publications Verification 2-OG	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Lipid Source Classification	GPR119 NF-κB TGF-beta/Smad GLP Receptor
2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a lipid found in the diet. It is a GPR119 agonist, with an EC₅₀ value of 2.5 μM in activating hGPR119 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. 2-Oleoylglycerol enhances the inflammatory response of macrophages and promotes fibrosis by activating the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. It also stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo. 2-Oleoylglycerol is expected to be used in the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .

HY-N10634

D-Glucosyl-β-1,1′-N-palmitoylsphingosine C16 Glucosyl(β) Ceramide (d18:1/16:0)	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
D-Glucosyl-β-1,1′-N-palmitoylsphingosine (C16 Glucosyl (β) Ceramide (d18:1/16:0)) is an endogenous Mincle ligand with immunostimulatory activity. D-Glucosyl-β-1,1′-N-palmitoylsphingosine binds to and activates macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle). D-Glucosyl-β-1,1′-N-palmitoylsphingosine is applicable to the research of immune system diseases .

HY-N6727

Gliotoxin 2 Publications Verification Aspergillin	Anti-inflammation/Immunoregulatory Classification of Application Fields Antibacterial Disease Research Other Antibiotics Biological Pesticide Research Agricultural Research Infection Microorganisms Antibiotics Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis PKA NF-κB Bacterial Fungal Antibiotic
Gliotoxin is a secondary metabolite, the most abundant mycotoxin secreted by A. fumigatus, inhibits the phagocytosis of macrophages and the immune functions of other immune cells . Gliotoxin inhibits inducible NF-κB activity by preventing IκB degradation, which consequently induces host-cell apoptosis . Gliotoxin activates PKA and increases intracellular cAMP concentration; modulates actin cytoskeleton rearrangement to facilitate A. fumigatus internalization into lung epithelial cells . Gliotoxin is a potent NOTCH2 transactivation inhibitor, can effectively induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells .

HY-N0637A

(±)-Eriodictyol (±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin	Structural Classification Flavonoids Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Flavones Plants Source Classification	Melanocortin Receptor TRP Channel
(±)-Eriodictyol ((±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin) is an orally active TRPV1 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀=44-47 nM, rTRPV1) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (±)-Eriodictyol effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by specifically antagonizing the TRPV1 receptor and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. (±)-Eriodictyol reduces the levels of ICAM-1, VEGF, eNOS and TNF-α in the retina and maintains the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. (±)-Eriodictyol alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and hyperalgesia, enhances the activity and cytotoxicity of immune cells (such as B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages), and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously. (±)-Eriodictyol can be used in the research of diabetic retinopathy, acute lung injury and various pain-related diseases .

HY-N3383

Ligustroside Ligstroside	Monophenols Iridoids Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Oleaceae Terpenoids Phenols Plants Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
Ligustroside (Ligstroside), a secoiridoid derivative, has outstanding performance on mitochondrial bioenergetics in models of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain ageing by mechanisms that may not interfere with Aβ production. Ligustroside significantly inhibits nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages .

HY-N0171R

Beta-Sitosterol (Standard) 5+ Cited Publications β-Sitosterol (Standard); 22,23-Dihydrostigmasterol (Standard))	Cardiovascular Disease other families Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Plants Endogenous metabolite Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Beta-Sitosterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Beta-Sitosterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Beta-Sitosterol (purity≥80%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc.

HY-W040055

Neopterin 1 Publications Verification D-(+)-Neopterin; D-erythro-Neopterin	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB PPAR ERK Raf Src
Neopterin is an immune system activator metabolized by GTP and can be produced by activated macrophages. Neopterin has the potential to resist vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Neopterin inhibits the phosphorylation of NF-κB and promotes the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby suppressing the inflammatory response of vascular endothelial cells, reducing the formation of macrophage foam cells, and regulating the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Neopterin can be used in research fields such as cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis), inflammation-related diseases and tumor immunomonitoring .

HY-75247

Coumaran 2 Publications Verification 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran	Natural Products Verbenaceae Plants Endogenous metabolite Lantana camaraLinn. Source Classification	Cholinesterase (ChE) Endogenous Metabolite Parasite
Coumaran (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran) is an AChE inhibitor with antileishmanial activity. Coumaran may acquire antiparasitic capabilities through activation of macrophages and exert immunomodulatory activity. Coumaran can be used as a biopesticide. .

HY-N2963

Broussonin E 2 Publications Verification	Thymelaeaceae Daphne giraldii Nitsche Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	ERK p38 MAPK JAK STAT TNF Receptor Interleukin Related COX Arginase
Broussonin E is a phenolic compound and shows anti-inflammatory activity. Broussonin E can suppress inflammation by modulating macrophages activation statevia inhibiting the ERK and p38 MAPK and enhancing JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Broussonin E can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis .

HY-N1966

(E)-Osmundacetone 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Microorganisms Phenols Polyphenols Source Classification	p38 MAPK PPAR
(E)-Osmundacetone is an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway. (E)-Osmundacetone inhibits the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and restores the expression of PPARα/ACOX1. (E)-Osmundacetone abrogates abnormal cell proliferation, migration and liver metastasis induced by PTPRO silencing in colorectal cancer cells. (E)-Osmundacetone blocks OA-RD17-mediated activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby reducing macrophage proliferation and migration. (E)-Osmundacetone is applicable to relevant research on colorectal cancer .

HY-Y0586

2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid Asaronic acid	Classification of Application Fields Araceae Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Acorus calamus L. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB STAT
2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid (Asaronic acid) is a compound identified in purple perilla extracts. 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced inflammatory responses, inhibits the activation of NF-κB and STAT signaling pathways. 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid inhibits M1 macrophage phenotype-mediated inflammation in diabetes .

HY-N2896

Arjunolic acid	Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Juglandaceae Terpenoids Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk. Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Fungal Bacterial NF-κB SOD AMPK mTOR Notch Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Wnt MyD88 Sirtuin
Arjunolic acid is an orally active, multifunctional bioactive compound. Arjunolic acid exhibits free radical scavenging activity, as well as fungal and bacterial activities. Arjunolic acid induces apoptosis (Apoptosis) in various cancer cells. Arjunolic acid protects hepatocytes against induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting NF-κB activation. Arjunolic acid regulates pancreatic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats by blocking the activation of the TLR-4/MyD88 and canonical Wnt pathways. Arjunolic acid inhibits neuroinflammation and ameliorates depressive behaviors via the SIRT1/AMPK/Notch1 signaling pathway in microglia. Arjunolic acid improves Crohn's disease-like colitis by restoring gut microbiota composition and inhibiting TLR4 signaling. Arjunolic acid suppresses osteosarcoma progression by inhibiting Wnt3a-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages. Arjunolic acid ameliorates diabetic retinopathy via the autophagy pathway regulated by AMPK/mTOR/HO-1. Arjunolic acid is applicable to research related to type 2 diabetes, organ toxicity, depression, Crohn's disease, osteosarcoma, diabetic retinopathy, and testicular dysfunction .

HY-N7976

Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside	Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Verbenaceae Callicarpa bodinieri Levl. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase
Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside is a flavonol diglycoside with NO production inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside targets activated macrophages to block NO production, with an IC₅₀ of 55 μM. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases .

HY-P0240

Tuftsin 4 Publications Verification	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide. Tuftsin is a macrophage/microglial activator.

HY-N0608

Myrislignan 1 Publications Verification	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Phenols Myristicaceae Phenylpropanoids Plants Myristica fragrans Houtt. Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	NF-κB
Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan attenuates LPS-induced inflammation reaction in murine macrophage cells through inhibition of NF-kB signalling pathway activation .

HY-N11058

Damnacanthol	Quinones Monophenols Anthraquinones Rubiaceae Phenols Plants Damnacanthus major Sieb. et Zucc. Source Classification	Lipoxygenase NO Synthase
Damnacanthol is a natural product that can be isolated from Damnacanthus major . Damnacanthol has anti-15-lipoxygenase activity and can inhibit nitric oxide production in LPS-activated macrophages RAW 264.7 cells .

HY-N7043

Isosilybin A 2 Publications Verification	Flavanonols Flavonoids Glycine soya Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis PPAR NF-κB p38 MAPK ERK Androgen Receptor
Isosilybin A is a PPARγ agonist that can be isolated from silymarin. Isosilybin A activates extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis through targeting of the Akt-NF-kB-AR axis. Isosilybin A can relieve the inflammatory response in the rosacea model via inhibiting Erk and p38 signaling pathways and M1 macrophage polarization, with its targets related to RELA and VEGFA. Isosilybin A has anti-prostate cancer (PCA) activity ^[1][2][3].

HY-N0566

23-Hydroxybetulinic acid Anemosapogenin	Triterpenes Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Autophagy Bcl-2 Family Caspase Survivin p38 MAPK MMP
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (Anemosapogenin) is an orally active triterpenoid with broad-spectrum anticancer activity. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid reduces the levels of Bcl-2 and survivin, elevates the level of Bax, promotes the cleavage/activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and induces apoptosis via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway involving cytochrome C release and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid arrests the cell cycle at S and G1 phases, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, blocks the MAPK signaling pathway, regulates MMP2, and induces autophagic apoptosis by upregulating beclin-1. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid inhibits the activity and efflux function of P-gp, increases the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs, and synergistically enhances cytotoxicity with Doxorubicin (HY-15142). 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT6, blocks M2 macrophage polarization, and reduces M2 macrophage-mediated apoptosis resistance of colon cancer cells. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid can be used in related studies on chronic myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcoma 180, multidrug-resistant breast cancer, leukemia, Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and colorectal cancer .

HY-N3196

Neotuberostemonine	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Stemonaceae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Stemona tuberosa Lour. Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Bacterial
Neotuberostemonine, one of the main antitussive alkaloids in the root of Stemona tuberosa Lour, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the recruitment and activation of macrophages .

HY-W001174

2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone	Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Scrophulariaceae Plants Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaert.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	ERK NF-κB
2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone, isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa, inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages by blocking the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways .

HY-N8249

Cynandione A	Apocynaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Cynanchum boudieri H. Lév. & Vaniot Source Classification	nAChR Interleukin Related
Cynandione A is an acetophenone that can be isolated from Cynanchum Wilfordii Radix. Cynandione A protects hepatocytes and cortical neurons from toxicity and improves neurological deficits in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, cynandione A has significant anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits inflammation by activating macrophage α7 nAChR and IL-10 expression .

HY-N8593

Undecane	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants p38 MAPK TNF Receptor NF-κB Interleukin Related Histamine Receptor PKA
Undecane is a potent cAMP agonist with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Undecane inhibits degranulation and the secretion of histamine and TNF-α. Undecane reverses the increased levels of p38 phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity and target cytokine/chemokine genes, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Undecane can be used for the study of skin inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis .

HY-N16039

TAN-1030A	Alkaloids Microorganisms Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	β-glucuronidase
TAN-1030A is an indolocarbazole alkaloid with macrophage-activating properties. TAN-1030A induces spreading of a murine macrophage cell line, Mm 1, and augmentes the phagocytic activity, Fc gamma receptor expression and β-glucuronidase activity of murine macrophage cell lines, Mm 1 and J774A.1. TAN-1030A can activate macrophage functions in mice .

HY-N3001

Isolinderalactone 1 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Lauraceae Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	STAT VEGFR Bcl-2 Family Survivin IAP NF-κB Apoptosis Caspase
Isolinderalactone is a sesquiterpene that exhibits anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Isolinderalactone inhibits VEGF expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR2. Isolinderalactone decreases viability and induces apoptosis in U-87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Isolinderalactone induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, pJNK/p38 MAPK activation, in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Isolinderalactone blocks LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NF-κB activation while activating Nrf2-HMOX1 signaling in RAW264.7 macrophages. Isolinderalactone improves cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice. Isolinderalactone can be used for the study of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), colorectal cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and acute lung injury .

HY-N4231

Lucyoside B	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Cucurbitaceae Plants Luffa aegyptiaca Miller Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	NF-κB
Lucyoside B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators via both NF-κB and activator protein-1 pathways in activated macrophages .

HY-142125

Broussochalcone A	Chalcones Flavonoids Plants Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera (Linnaeus) L'Heritier ex Ventenat Source Classification	Xanthine Oxidase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC₅₀=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways .

HY-125827

13-Methylberberine chloride 13-Methylberberinium chloride	Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Coptis chinensis Franch. Ranunculaceae Metabolic Disease Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Interleukin Related
13-Methylberberine chloride (13-Methylberberinium chloride), a berberine analogue, has anti-adipogenic and antitumor activities. 13-Methylberberine chloride (13-Methylberberinium chloride) increases production of IL-12 and inhibits the expression of iNOS at posttranscriptional level in macrophages activated with LPS .

HY-N0569R

Madecassic acid (Standard) 2 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Umbelliferae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Reference Standards NO Synthase COX TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Madecassic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Madecassic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells .

HY-145491

Resolvin D5	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	ERK NF-κB CCR
Resolvin D5 is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent produced in M2 macrophages. Resolvin D5 alleviates Paclitaxel (HY-B0015)-induced mechanical allodynia and inflammatory pain by activating the GPR32 receptor, with gender specificity (effective only in male mice) and independence from TRPV1 or TRPA1 channels. Resolvin D5 attenuates LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation, downregulates proinflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and CCL5, inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and osteoclastogenesis, promotes regulatory T cell differentiation, and shows no cytotoxicity to human monocytes. The level of Resolvin D5 is elevated in arthritic SKG mice, but Resolvin D5 has no effect on dendritic cell differentiation or M1 macrophage polarization, nor does it prevent ZyA-induced arthritis progression. Resolvin D5 is suitable for research related to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, inflammatory pain and rheumatoid arthritis .

HY-N12188

Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one	Structural Classification Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. Cardiacglycosides Rutaceae Plants Steroids Source Classification	NF-κB TNF Receptor Interleukin Related p38 MAPK
Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one is a steroid compound that can be isolated from Harrisonia abyssinica. Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one blocks the NF-κB signaling pathway via down-regulation of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB α. Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one reduces LPS (HY-D1056)-induced nitric oxide, PGE₂, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in macrophages. Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one can be used for inflammation diseases .

HY-N9454

Garcinoic acid	Structural Classification Monophenols other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) COX NF-κB Amylases β-glucuronidase DNA/RNA Synthesis Amyloid-β NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Pyroptosis
Garcinoic acid is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Garcinoic acid also enhances efferocytosis and enzyme/receptor regulation, and selectively inhibits human COX-2, porcine α-amylase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase and human DNA polymerase β (IC₅₀=11 μM), as well as activates human PXR. Garcinoic acid enhances macrophage efferocytosis via receptors such as MerTK and LRP-1, and promotes the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. Garcinoic acid inhibits NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, interferes with Aβ aggregation, downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and binds to targets including CD44 and EGFR to inhibit leukemia cell proliferation. The pharmacological activities of Garcinoic acid, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid metabolism-regulating effects, are widely used in studies related to various diseases including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and viral pneumonia .

HY-N11262

Sudachitin	Structural Classification Flavonoids Flavones Rutaceae Citrus sudachi Hort. ex Shirai. Plants Source Classification	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Sirtuin PGC-1α p38 MAPK HSP TNF Receptor NO Synthase Apoptosis
Sudachitin is an orally active compound that potently inhibits mouse PDE1C and human PDE4B, with IC₅₀ values of 5.0 μM and 15.0 μM, respectively. Sudachitin upregulates Sirt1 and PGC‑1α expression in skeletal muscle to regulate energy metabolism and promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Sudachitin improves lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and fatty acid β‑oxidation. Sudachitin activates p38MAPK signaling, induces HSP27 phosphorylation and caspase‑dependent apoptosis, and blocks EGF‑driven keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Sudachitin suppresses LPS‑induced TNF‑α, NO, and iNOS expression in macrophages and shows potent anti‑inflammatory activity. Sudachitin can be used for the research of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and psoriasis. .

HY-113402R

Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard) γ-Glu-Cys (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related TNF Receptor AMPK Sirtuin STAT PI3K NF-κB JAK p38 MAPK JNK Akt Apoptosis Ferroptosis
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide . Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.

HY-122936

Tanshindiol C	Terpenoids Labiatae Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Diterpenoids Plants	Histone Methyltransferase Keap1-Nrf2 Sirtuin
Tanshindiol C is a S-adenosylmethionine-competitive EZH2 (Histone Methyltransferase) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.55 μM for inhibiting the methyltransferase activity. Tanshindiol C is also an activator of both Nrf2 and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in macrophages. Tanshindiol C possesses anti-cancer activity, and can be used for atherosclerosis research .

HY-N8160

Dehydrocurdione	Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Zingiberaceae	Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Dehydrocurdione, a zedoary-derived sesquiterpene, induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an antioxidative enzyme, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Dehydrocurdione interacts with Keap1, resulting in Nrf2 translocation followed by activation of the HO-1 E2 enhancer. Dehydrocurdione suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release, a marker of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N7697C

Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride	Structural Classification Animals Classification of Application Fields Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride is a small molecular polysaccharide. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride inhibits the binding of AgW to TLR4. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride upregulates IL-10, inhibits LPS-induced upregulation of ROS, induces alternative activation of macrophages/monocytes, and suppresses LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride reverses the mortality of mice challenged with APAP or LPS. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride can be used in research related to Acetaminophen (HY-66005)-induced hepatotoxicity and endotoxemia .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-113134S

25-Hydroxycholesterol-d6
25-Hydroxycholesterol-d₆ (25-OHC-d₆) is the deuterium labeled 25-Hydroxycholesterol. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is a metabolite of cholesterol that is produced and secreted by macrophages in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. 25-hydroxycholesterol is a potent (EC₅₀≈65 nM) and selective suppressor of IgA production by B cells .

HY-B0464S1

Hydralazine-d5 hydrochloride

Hydralazine-d₅ (hydrochloride) is deuterium-labeled Hydralazine (hydrochloride) (HY-B0464). Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGE_E2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain .

HY-B0464S

Hydralazine-d4 hydrochloride

Hydralazine-d4 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Hydralazine hydrochloride. Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGE_E2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain .

HY-N0608S

Myrislignan-13C,d2
Myrislignan- ¹³C,d₂ is the ¹³C-labeled and deuterium labeled Myrislignan (HY-N0608). Myrislignan, a lignan, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan attenuates LPS-induced inflammation reaction in murine macrophage cells through inhibition of NF-kB signalling pathway activation .

HY-B0636S1

Triamcinolone acetonide-13C3

Triamcinolone acetonide- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Triamcinolone acetonide (HY-B0636). Triamcinolone acetonide inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced proliferation of retinal endothelial cells. Triamcinolone acetonide reduces chondrocyte viability and leads to cartilage destruction. Triamcinolone acetonide activates macrophage with anti-inflammatory characteristics. Triamcinolone acetonide can be used in the study of diseases such as atopic dermatitis .

HY-N8593S

Undecane-d24

Undecane-d₂₄ is the deuterium labeled Undecane (HY-N8593).Undecane is a potent cAMP agonist with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Undecane inhibits degranulation and the secretion of histamine and TNF-α. Undecane reverses the increased levels of p38 phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity and target cytokine/chemokine genes, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Undecane can be used for the study of skin inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis .

HY-W701772

2-Oleoylglycerol-d5

2-Oleoylglycerol-d₅ (2-OG-d₅) is the deuterium labeled 2-Oleoylglycerol (HY-W011121). 2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a lipid found in the diet. It is a GPR119 agonist, with an EC₅₀ value of 2.5 μM in activating hGPR119 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. 2-Oleoylglycerol enhances the inflammatory response of macrophages and promotes fibrosis by activating the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. It also stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo. 2-Oleoylglycerol is expected to be used in the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .

HY-W142432S

Perfluoroundecanoic acid-13C7

Perfluoroundecanoic acid- ¹³C₇ is the ¹³C-labeled Perfluoroundecanoic acid (HY-W142432). Perfluoroundecanoic acid is a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). Perfluoroundecanoic acid is an orally active oxidative stress inducer. Perfluoroundecanoic acid promotes macrophage M2 polarization, activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhances β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Perfluoroundecanoic acid -induced M2 phenotype macrophage accelerates tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Perfluoroundecanoic acid induces DNA damage, reproductive and pathophysiological dysfunctions via oxidative stress in male Swiss mice. Perfluoroundecanoic acid inhibits Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats via inducing oxidative stress and autophagy. Perfluoroundecanoic acid accelerates insulitis development in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Perfluoroundecanoic acid can be used for the study of ovarian cancer, type 1 diabetes and inflammation .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-D2769

Oregon green 488 azide Difluorocarboxyfluorescein azide, 6-isomer		Azide
Oregon green 488 azide (Difluorocarboxyfluorescein azide, 6-isomer) is a bright green fluorescent azide-activated probe that reacts with terminal alkynes via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Oregon green 488 azide can label goat anti-mouse IgG and exhibits excellent luminescence efficiency. Oregon green 488 azide, as a streptavidin conjugate, is used for flow cytometry staining of macrophages .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-N0171A

Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98%) 15+ Cited Publications β-Sitosterol (purity>98%); 22,23-Dihydrostigmasterol (purity>98%)		Cholesterol
Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc .

HY-N0171

Beta-Sitosterol (purity>80%) 20+ Cited Publications		Cholesterol
Beta-Sitosterol (purity≥80%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc .

HY-142980

DOPG Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol		Phospholipids
DOPG (Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol) is a negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol phospholipid. DOPG is abundant in prokaryotic cell membranes and mitochondria, and has a low phase transition temperature and a tendency to form stable vesicles. DOPG inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages in response to heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4)-activated toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). DOPG is applicable to studies of membrane biology, drug-membrane interactions (especially in systems targeting negatively charged membranes), construction of drug delivery carriers, as well as research on sterile corneal inflammation and wound healing promotion .

HY-149906

Trecovirsen GEM91		Antisense Oligonucleotides
Trecovirsen is an antiviral agent targeting HIV gag mRNA, which hybridizes with complementary HIV gag mRNA at the initiation site. Trecovirsen induces a reversible, dose-dependent prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time via its polyanionic properties. Trecovirsen is applicable to research related to HIV infection .

HY-174761

Human CCL21 mRNA		mRNA Chemokine & Receptors
Human CCL21 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) protein, a chemokine that can inhibit hemopoiesis and stimulate chemotaxis. CCL21 is chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T cells, but not for B cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. It may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs.

HY-174757

Human CCL25 mRNA		mRNA Chemokine & Receptors
Human CCL25 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for dendritic cells, thymocytes, and activated macrophages but is inactive on peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils.

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