Topics

Reprogrammable Epigenetic Memory

Reprogrammable epigenetic memory is the persistence of cell-of-origin regulatory information during an attempted change of cell identity, together with the possibility that this information can be erased, rewritten, or exploited.

Comparison of epigenetic profiles between metastatic and primary tumors

Comparing primary and metastatic tumor epigenomes asks which regulatory states are inherited from the founding lesion and which emerge during dissemination, treatment, and adaptation to a distant organ.

Dynamic Epigenetic Changes During Kidney Development

Kidney development depends on dynamic epigenetic regulation that converts nephron progenitor cells into specialized epithelial and stromal lineages without changing their DNA sequence.

Epigenetic differences between the tumor margin and the tumor core

Epigenetic differences between a tumor margin and its core refer to spatial variation in DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone regulation, and related transcriptional states across regions of the same lesion.

Mechanisms promoting immune resilience in the tumor microenvironment

Immune resilience in the tumor microenvironment describes the capacity of antitumor immune populations to preserve, recover, or re-establish effective function despite chronic antigen exposure, nutrient competition, hypoxia, inhibitory ligands, and suppressive stromal signals.

BCMA-Targeted CAR-T for MM

B-cell maturation antigen is a highly relevant surface target on malignant plasma cells, making BCMA-directed CAR-T therapy a major advance for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Biological Principles and Applications of Chrono-immunotherapy

Chrono-immunotherapy aligns immune treatment with circadian biology.

Molecular Mechanisms of Innate Immune Memory

Innate immune memory describes the altered response of innate cells after a prior infection, vaccine, or inflammatory exposure.

Engineered Neutrophil Immunotherapy

Engineered neutrophil immunotherapy seeks to exploit the most abundant circulating leukocyte’s rapid trafficking into inflamed and hypoxic tumors.

Advances in AI-Driven Tumor Epitope Prediction

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used to rank tumor epitopes for personalized vaccines and T-cell therapies.

Immunological advantages of in situ vaccines

An in situ cancer vaccine turns a patient’s tumor into the source of antigen and immune priming.

Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies for Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs)

Immune-related adverse events are inflammatory toxicities caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors and can affect skin, gut, liver, lung, endocrine organs, joints, heart, kidney, blood, and nervous system.

Immune-activating effects of oncolytic virus therapy

Oncolytic viruses are designed or selected to infect and replicate preferentially in malignant tissue, causing tumor lysis while stimulating immunity.

A Comprehensive Overview of Next-Generation Cell Therapies

Next-generation cell therapies extend beyond conventional autologous CAR-T products by changing the immune-cell source, receptor logic, manufacturing model, and functions delivered to tumor.

The Brain Tumor Immune Cycle

The brain tumor immune cycle describes the linked steps required for systemic immunity to control a central nervous system malignancy: tumor antigen release, drainage, dendritic-cell presentation, T-cell priming, circulation, entry into brain tumor tissue, recognition, killing, and renewed antigen release.

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy expands a patient’s own lymphocytes from a resected tumor and returns them after lymphodepleting conditioning.

Advancing the Application of Immunotherapy Targeting MAPK/ERK Signaling

The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway drives proliferation, survival, differentiation, and adaptation in many cancers.

Tumor-Busting: Cancer-Mimicking Peptide Immunotherapy

Cancer-mimicking peptide immunotherapy uses altered peptides, mimotopes, or selected peptide ligands to provoke immunity that cross-recognizes a tumor antigen.

Metal ions and metal homeostasis empower anti-tumor immune responses

Metal ions are essential cofactors and signaling regulators, and their homeostasis shapes both cancer-cell survival and antitumor immunity.

Enhancing the Efficacy of Cell Therapy through the Engineering of Selective Drug Resistance

Engineering selective drug resistance protects therapeutic immune cells while a companion drug continues to damage tumor or suppress competing cells.

Immunotherapy for Neurological Diseases

Immunotherapy for neurological disease spans two different goals: suppressing pathogenic immunity in disorders such as multiple sclerosis and using immune mechanisms to clear or modify toxic proteins in neurodegeneration.

Drug Delivery Systems Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

Drug delivery systems can improve cancer immunotherapy by controlling where, when, and in what combination immune agents are released.

Tumor Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Regulates Anti-tumor Immunity

Tumor extracellular matrix is an active regulator of antitumor immunity.

Tumor Glycosylation Regulates Anti-Tumor Immunity

Tumor glycosylation regulates antitumor immunity by changing the carbohydrate structures displayed on malignant cells, secreted proteins, extracellular matrix, and vesicles.

Cancer vaccines and immunotherapy

Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to generate or amplify immune responses against antigens expressed by an established tumor.

Advances in the use of CAR-NK cell therapy for solid tumor treatment

CAR-engineered natural killer cells offer a complementary route to cellular therapy for solid tumors.

T-cell immunotherapy and cancer treatment

T-cell immunotherapy encompasses treatments that release endogenous T cells from inhibition, redirect them with antibodies, expand tumor-reactive populations, or engineer new antigen receptors.

Bispecific antibodies and cancer treatment

Bispecific antibodies bind two different epitopes or antigens within one therapeutic molecule.

Tumor Angiogenesis Regulates Tumor Immune Response

Tumor angiogenesis regulates immunity because blood vessels control oxygen, nutrients, immune-cell entry, and the movement of therapeutic agents.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy and cancer treatment

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy treats a resectable cancer before surgery, when the primary tumor and its draining lymphatic network remain available as sources of antigen and immune priming.

Ubiquitination and autophagy regulate host-pathogen interactions

Ubiquitination and autophagy form a connected surveillance system that recognizes intracellular pathogens, directs them toward destruction, and calibrates inflammation.

Tumor Cell Metabolites Regulate The Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Tumor cells do more than compete with immune cells for nutrients; they actively construct an immunosuppressive metabolic environment.

Immune synapses: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance

The immunological synapse is the organized contact through which a T cell communicates with an antigen-presenting cell or a cytotoxic lymphocyte attacks a target.

Cytokine Polymerization: A Double-Edged Sword in Immune Regulation

“Cytokine polymerization” is not a single canonical biological pathway.

Macrophage Immune Metabolism Regulation of Obesity And Metabolic Diseases

Obesity changes adipose tissue from an energy-storage organ into a chronically inflamed metabolic environment.

Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) and Cancer Treatment

Adoptive cell therapy transfers immune cells with selected or engineered antitumor activity into a patient.

T Cell Engagers (TCEs): Empowering The Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases

T-cell engagers are emerging as a powerful method for depleting pathogenic immune-cell populations in severe autoimmune disease.

CAR-T and ICB Combination Therapy

Combining CAR-T cells with immune checkpoint blockade is designed to unite precise tumor recognition with relief from inhibitory signaling.

Nanoparticles Optimizing CAR-T

Nanoparticles can optimize CAR-T therapy at three distinct stages: gene transfer during manufacturing, pharmacologic support after infusion, and direct generation of CAR-T cells inside the patient.

TIM-3 Inhibition Enhances CAR-T Function

TIM-3, encoded by HAVCR2, is an inhibitory and context-dependent immune receptor associated with chronically stimulated T cells.

Potential of γδ T Cell CAR Therapy

Gamma delta T cells combine properties of innate and adaptive immunity and offer an alternative chassis for chimeric antigen receptor therapy.

Progress of CAR-T Therapy for GBM

Glioblastoma is a compelling but difficult target for CAR-T therapy.

Epigenetic Repression Enhances T Cell Function

Epigenetic repression can enhance T-cell function when it selectively silences programs that enforce exhaustion or terminal differentiation.

Differences in Immunotherapy for CLL and Richter Transformation (RT)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Richter transformation arise in the same clinical continuum but present different immunotherapy problems.

Advances in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy

Breast cancer was historically considered less immunogenic than melanoma or lung cancer, but that view changed as molecular subtypes, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and checkpoint responses were studied separately.

Role of TIGIT in CAR-T Resistance

TIGIT is an inhibitory immunoreceptor increasingly associated with dysfunctional CAR-T cells, but its value as a therapeutic target is more nuanced than its expression alone suggests.

CAR-T Therapy Challenges: Tumor Relapse

Tumor relapse is the principal limit on the curative potential of CAR-T therapy.

CAR-T and Gynecologic Cancers

Gynecologic cancers are attractive candidates for CAR-T therapy because recurrent ovarian, cervical, and endometrial tumors often have limited curative options and can express accessible surface antigens.

Osteosarcoma Immunotherapy: Challenges and Advances

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, and outcomes remain especially poor after metastatic relapse or chemotherapy resistance.

CRISPR Improves CAR-T Exhaustion and Persistence

CRISPR genome editing offers a direct way to alter the molecular programs that limit CAR-T-cell persistence.