3-Carene
Based on 1 Customer Validation
3-Carene is an orally active TCA cycle enzyme inhibitor. 3-Carene inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase as well as pyruvate kinase, disrupting energy metabolism. 3-Carene disrupts cell wall and cell membrane integrity, leading to potassium ion leakage, protein leakage, membrane depolarization, ATP depletion, morphological disruption, and cell lysis. 3-Carene interferes with amino acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. 3-Carene enhances GABA receptor-mediated synaptic responses. 3-Carene can be used in research on bacterial infections, inflammation, anxiety, and sleep disorders.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 91.66%
- CAS No.: 13466-78-9
- Formula: C10H16
- Molecular Weight:136.23
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Storage:
-20°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-N6663R
3-Carene (Standard)Reference Standard -
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Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
3-Carene (0.625-40 mL/L; 24 h) exhibits strong antibacterial activity against B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, with an MIC of 20 mL/L[1].
3-Carene (6-12 h) causes more pronounced disruption of the cell wall structure in B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 than in P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, leading to AKP leakage[1].
3-Carene effectively delays the growth of B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525[1].
3-Carene causes damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, leading to potassium ion leakage[1].
3-Carene causes severe morphological damage and cell lysis in B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525[1].
3-Carene causes a decrease in membrane potential in B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525[1].
3-Carene (3-24 h) reduces the intracellular protein content of B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525[1].
3-Carene (3-24 h) inhibits the activities of SDH, MDH, and PK in B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, leading to metabolic dysfunction[1].
3-Carene (3-24 h) causes a decrease in intracellular ATP concentration in B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, indicating impaired bacterial energy metabolism[1].
3-Carene binds to the genomic DNA of B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, altering its conformation[1].
3-Carene (2.5-80 mL/L) inhibits the growth of P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, with an MIC of 20 mL/L (17.3 mg/mL)[3].
3-Carene (12 h) significantly inhibits the growth of P. fluorescens ATCC 13525 and delays its growth cycle[3].
3-Carene (12 h) damages the cell membrane and causes severe morphological changes and plasmolysis in P. fluorescens ATCC 13525[3].
3-Carene (12 h) causes significant metabolic disruption in P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, affecting 42 metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and the TCA cycle[3].
3-Carene (12 h) reduces SDH activity in P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, indicating impaired energy metabolism[3].
3-Carene (12 h) reduces the intracellular ATP concentration in P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, indicating impaired energy metabolism[3].
3-Carene (12 h) increases Na+/K+-ATPase activity in P. fluorescens ATCC 13525, indicating impaired energy metabolism[3].
3-Carene positively modulates the biological function of GABAA receptors by directly binding to the BZD binding site of the α1 and γ2 subunits[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
3-Carene (12.5-100 mg/kg; p.o.) dose-dependently enhances sleep in C57BL/6N mice, and this effect is completely antagonized by Flumazenil (HY-B0009), indicating that 3-Carene acts as a positive modulator of the GABAA-BZD receptor[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:ICR mice (male, 18~22 g)[2]
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Dosage:100 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.
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Result:Decreased sleep latency to 2.62 min.
Increased sleep duration to 122.2 min.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6N mice (male, 27~30 g)[2]
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Dosage:12.5-100 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.
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Result:Dose-dependently decreased sleep latency and increased sleep duration.
The hypnotic effect was fully antagonized by flumazenil.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 13466-78-9
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 0.8586 g/cm3)
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Molecular Weight 136.23
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Formula C10H16
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
CC1(C)C2CC=C(C)CC12
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (734.05 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.35 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Fluorescent plasma-membrane potential dye assay
Fluorescent plasma-membrane potential dye assays measure changes in cell membrane potential using voltage-sensitive dyes whose fluorescence changes when cells depolarize or hyperpolarize. Anionic bis-oxonol dyes such as DiBAC4(3) enter depolarized cells more readily and show increased fluorescence after intracellular binding, while hyperpolarization reduces dye accumulation and fluorescence. FMP/FLIPR membrane-potential dyes are used for faster, homogeneous microplate assays of ion-channel or receptor-mediated membrane-potential changes.
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Protein Extraction
Protein extraction uses physical, chemical or biological methods, such as ultrasonic disruption, salting out, cell lysis, electrophoresis, etc., to destroy the cell membrane structure and to separate the proteins from different components according to their characteristics.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (287 KB)
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SDS (771 KB)
- English - EN (771 KB)
- Français - FR (771 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (771 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (771 KB)
- Español - ES (771 KB)
- Swedish - SV (771 KB)
- Italian - IT (771 KB)
- Korean - KR (771 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (771 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 7.3405 mL | 36.7026 mL | 73.4053 mL | 183.5132 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.4681 mL | 7.3405 mL | 14.6811 mL | 36.7026 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7341 mL | 3.6703 mL | 7.3405 mL | 18.3513 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4894 mL | 2.4468 mL | 4.8937 mL | 12.2342 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3670 mL | 1.8351 mL | 3.6703 mL | 9.1757 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2936 mL | 1.4681 mL | 2.9362 mL | 7.3405 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2447 mL | 1.2234 mL | 2.4468 mL | 6.1171 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1835 mL | 0.9176 mL | 1.8351 mL | 4.5878 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1468 mL | 0.7341 mL | 1.4681 mL | 3.6703 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1223 mL | 0.6117 mL | 1.2234 mL | 3.0586 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0918 mL | 0.4588 mL | 0.9176 mL | 2.2939 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0734 mL | 0.3670 mL | 0.7341 mL | 1.8351 mL |
3-Carene Related Classifications
HY-N6663 Related Classifications
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Keywords
- 3-Carene
- 13466-78-9
- Mitochondrial Metabolism
- Bacterial
- GABA Receptor
- Succinate Dehydrogenase
- Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH)
- Pyruvate Kinase
- GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor
- pyruvate kinase
- succinate dehydrogenase
- malate dehydrogenase
- B. thermosphacta ACCC 03870
- P. fluorescens ATCC 13525
- bacterial genomic DNA
- Gram-positive Brochothrix thermosphacta
- Gram-negative Pseudomonas fluorescens
- Na+/K+-ATPase
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit