2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis
  3. Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
  4. 3-Hydroxykynurenine

3-Hydroxykynurenine  (Synonyms: 3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine)

Cat. No.: HY-113294 Purity: 99.93%
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3-Hydroxykynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan, is a potential endogenous neurotoxin whose increased levels have been described in several neurodegenerative disorders. 3-Hydroxykynurenine induces neuronal apoptosis.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 484-78-6

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Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of 3-Hydroxykynurenine:

3-Hydroxykynurenine Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products
Cell Imaging/Staining
Flow Cytometry
Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
WB
Bio/Physico-chemical Assay

    3-Hydroxykynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2025 Oct 17:183:107656.  [Abstract]

    After HMC3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK, 10-160 μM), morphological changes were observed using an optical microscope.

    3-Hydroxykynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2025 Oct 17:183:107656.  [Abstract]

    After HMC3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK, 10-160 μM), Annexin V/PI staining was performed followed by flow cytometric analysis.

    3-Hydroxykynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2025 Oct 17:183:107656.  [Abstract]

    After HMC3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK, 10-160 μM), cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 staining.

    3-Hydroxykynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2025 Oct 17:183:107656.  [Abstract]

    After HMC3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK, 10-160 μM), Sub-G1 analysis was performed by flow cytometry.

    3-Hydroxykynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2025 Oct 17:183:107656.  [Abstract]

    After HMC3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK, 40-160 μM), immunoblotting was performed for the indicated antigens.

    3-Hydroxykynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2025 Oct 17:183:107656.  [Abstract]

    After HMC3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK, 40-160 μM), culture supernatants were collected and the release of LDH and IL-1β was assessed.

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    • Biological Activity

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    • References

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    Description

    3-Hydroxykynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan, is a potential endogenous neurotoxin whose increased levels have been described in several neurodegenerative disorders. 3-Hydroxykynurenine induces neuronal apoptosis[1].

    IC50 & Target

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    In Vitro

    3-Hydroxykynurenine-induced neuronal cell death shows several features of apoptosis[1].
    3-Hydroxykynurenine is a metabolic intermediate of the kynurenine pathway, the major metabolic pathway of tryptophan (Trp)[1].
    3-Hydroxykynurenine acts as an endogenous neurotoxin in the brain under pathological conditions[1].
    3-Hydroxykynurenine (20-100 μM) significantly inhibits CD4+ T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of approximately 70 μM[2].
    3-Hydroxykynurenine (20-100 μM) induces significant CD4+ T-cell-mediated cell death in a dose-dependent manner[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    3-Hydroxykynurenine Related Antibodies

    Cell Proliferation Assay[2]

    Cell Line: CD3/CD28 bead-stimulated CD4+ T cells
    Concentration: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μM
    Incubation Time: 72 hours
    Result: Significantly inhibited CD4+ T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of approximately 70 μM.
    In Vivo

    3-Hydroxykynurenine administration (560 mg/kg IP on a daily basis on days 1 to 7, days 7 to 14, or days 1 to 14) results in significant prolongation of graft survival whether administered between days 1 to 7, days 7 to 14, or days 1 to 14[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: BALB/c (H2d) mice[2]
    Dosage: 560 mg/kg
    Administration: IP injection
    Result: There was significant prolongation of graft survival in all treatment groups in comparison to the controls.
    Molecular Weight

    224.21

    Formula

    C10H12N2O4
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Light yellow to yellow

    SMILES

    O=C(O)C(N)CC(C1=CC=CC(O)=C1N)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    1M HCl : 33.33 mg/mL (148.66 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 1 with HCl)

    DMSO : 1 mg/mL (4.46 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.4601 mL 22.3005 mL 44.6010 mL
    5 mM 0.8920 mL 4.4601 mL 8.9202 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.93%

    SDS (393 KB)

    COA (246 KB) HNMR (468 KB) RP-HPLC (262 KB) MS (68 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO / 1M HCl 1 mM 4.4601 mL 22.3005 mL 44.6010 mL 111.5026 mL
    1M HCl 5 mM 0.8920 mL 4.4601 mL 8.9202 mL 22.3005 mL
    10 mM 0.4460 mL 2.2301 mL 4.4601 mL 11.1503 mL
    15 mM 0.2973 mL 1.4867 mL 2.9734 mL 7.4335 mL
    20 mM 0.2230 mL 1.1150 mL 2.2301 mL 5.5751 mL
    25 mM 0.1784 mL 0.8920 mL 1.7840 mL 4.4601 mL
    30 mM 0.1487 mL 0.7434 mL 1.4867 mL 3.7168 mL
    40 mM 0.1115 mL 0.5575 mL 1.1150 mL 2.7876 mL
    50 mM 0.0892 mL 0.4460 mL 0.8920 mL 2.2301 mL
    60 mM 0.0743 mL 0.3717 mL 0.7434 mL 1.8584 mL
    80 mM 0.0558 mL 0.2788 mL 0.5575 mL 1.3938 mL
    100 mM 0.0446 mL 0.2230 mL 0.4460 mL 1.1150 mL
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    3-Hydroxykynurenine Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    3-Hydroxykynurenine484-78-63-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenineEndogenous MetaboliteApoptosisendogenous neurotoxinneuronalregion selectivitycellCD4+ T-cellneurodegenerativeInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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