Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.

Calenduloside E is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin that can be extracted from the bark and roots of Aralia ovata, and has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Calenduloside E alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization, improves mitochondrial function by regulating the AMPK-SIRT3 pathway, and alleviates acute liver injury. In addition, Calenduloside E promotes the interaction between L-type calcium channels and Bcl-2 related apoptosis genes, inhibits calcium overload, and alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Calenduloside E also improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating heat shock-dependent pathways, and inhibits ROS mediated JAK1-STAT3 pathways to reduce cellular inflammatory responses.

Congmuyenoside I is a triterpenoid saponin. Congmuyenoside I mediates neuroprotective effects against H₂O₂-induced cellular damage. Congmuyenoside I can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases.

Ecliptasaponin B (compound 7) is a triterpenoid saponin and growth inhibitor present in the leaves of Aralia elata Seem.

Elatoside F is a triterpenoid saponin with anti-inflammatory activity. Elatoside F inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and nuclear factor NF-κB activation. Elatoside F can be isolated from Aralia elata in one step.

Araloside C is a natural saponin that is mainly isolated from Aralia elata. Araloside C exerts extensive anti-inflammatory properties. Araloside C exhibits protective effects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury.