Neurological Disease

Sodium acetate trihydrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard (Sodium acetate trihydrate (Pharmaceutical primary standard, USP)) is a carboxylic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). Sodium acetate trihydrate activates AMPK, increases ROS, cleaved caspase 9, PPARα, downregulates SREBP-1c, ChREBP expression. Sodium acetate trihydrate exhibits antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. Sodium acetate trihydrate regulates energy metabolism. Sodium acetate trihydrate has anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Sodium acetate trihydrate induces writhing reaction and ulcerative colitis. Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used in the researches for gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic steatosis, and pain.

Multi-target kinase-IN-10 (Compound 6l) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable, selective, reversible, and competitive MAO-B inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.0053 μM. Multi-target kinase-IN-10 competes with substrates for binding to the active site of MAO-B, chelates Cu²⁺ ions, inhibits Cu²⁺-induced ROS production, and reduces the release of NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Multi-target kinase-IN-10 ameliorates Parkinson's disease.

Pirimicarb (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pirimicarb. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pirimicarb is a fast-acting selective carbamate insecticide on a wide range of crops including cereals, sugar beet, potatoes, fruits and vegetables. Pirimicarb is an AChE inhibitor and an acaricide.

Synephrine (Oxedrine) hemitartrate, an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine hemitartrate is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss.

Dicyclomine-d₄ hydrochloride (Dicycloverine-d₄ hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Dicyclomine hydrochloride (HY-B1339). Dicyclomine hydrochloride is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine hydrochloride shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasma membranes, respectively. Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo.

Brelgometon (ATH-1105) is an orally active HGF/MET positive modulator. Brelgometon activates downstream ERK and AKT cascades. Brelgometon reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and extranuclear TDP-43 aggregation; it also upregulates EAAT2 expression and improves mitochondrial function. Brelgometon protects neurons from excitotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; it also maintains neurite length, neuromuscular junction integrity and sciatic nerve function. Brelgometon alleviates motor function deterioration, maintains body weight and prolongs survival in ALS transgenic mice. Brelgometon is applicable to research related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

ORG 31433 is an orally active peptide related to the ACTH-(4-9) analog ORG 2766 (HY-P2113). ORG 31433 shows neuroprotective effect.

Eltoprazine (DU 28853) dihydrochloride is a 5-HT1A/5-HT1B receptors agonist and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Eltoprazine dihydrochloride shows antiaggressive and anxiogenic effects.

Kurtoxin is a selective Cav3 (T-type) voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel gating inhibitor with a K_d of 15 nM for Cav3.1 (α1G T-type) Ca²⁺ channel. Kurtoxin can interact with high affinity with native neuronal high-threshold L-type, N-type, and P-type Ca²⁺ channels in central and peripheral neurons. Kurtoxin also shows cross-reactivity with voltage-gated Na⁺ channel.

BKS3031A is the inhibitor for αβ-tubulin that binds to the colchicine binding site, and inhibits the microtubule assembly dynamics.

Anticonvulsant agent 5 (Compound 5c) exhibits high affinity for GABA_A receptors and NaV_1.3 receptors. Anticonvulsant agent 5 shows anticonvulsant efficacy in mice psychomotor epilepsy test with an ED₅₀ of 107 mg/kg. Anticonvulsant agent 5 exhibits neuroprotective activity against Kainic acid (HY-N2309) with an IC₅₀ of 113 μM. Anticonvulsant agent 5 is blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrable.

Aszonalenin is a metabolite of Aspergillus zonatus.

Galanthamine (hydrobromide) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Galanthamine (hydrobromide). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Galanthamine hydrobromide (Galantamine hydrobromide) is a selective, reversible, competitive, alkaloid AChE inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.35 µM. Galanthamine hydrobromide is a potent allosteric potentiating ligand (APL) of human α₃β₄, α₄β₂, α₆β₄ nicotinic receptors ( nAChRs). Galanthamine hydrobromide is developed for the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

LY 190388 is a penicillamine-containing enkefa peptide analog with μ receptor agonist activity. LY 190388 showed analgesic effect in inhibiting the writhing response in mice after intracerebroventricular administration. The analgesic effect of LY 190388 is not caused by its δ receptor agonist action, but by its μ receptor agonist activity. When LY 190388 is used together with the δ receptor antagonist ICI 174864, an additive analgesic effect is produced.

Surfen is a potent heparan sulfate antagonist. Surfen inhibits FGF2 binding and signal transduction. Surfen binds to glycosaminoglycans and reduces tau hyperphosphorylation. Surfen inhibits the activity of recombinant uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase with an IC₅₀ of approximately 2 μM. Surfen inhibits HSV-1 viral infection. Surfen inhibits neural differentiation, delays remyelination, and alleviates EAE.

Lupanine (D-Lupanine) perchlorate is a natural ketonic derivative of Sparteine (HY-W008350)with a ganglioplegic activity. Lupanine perchlorate shows binding affinity for nicotinic receptor with a K_i value of 500 nM.

5-LOX-IN-5 (Compound 29) is a 5-LOX inhibitor (IC₅₀: 56 nM). 5-LOX-IN-5 can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases.