COX
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2, initiating prostanoid biosynthesis that regulates inflammation, vascular homeostasis, pain signaling, and tissue responses to injury[1][2]. Mechanistically, COX enzymes contain two major isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which catalyze the same biochemical reaction but differ in gene regulation, tissue distribution, intracellular localization, and substrate selectivity[1][2]. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and contributes to gastric mucosal protection, platelet function, and renal hemodynamic maintenance, whereas COX-2 is rapidly induced by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and pathological stimuli[1][3]. In disease models, increased COX-2 expression is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple cancer types, supporting its central role in inflammation-driven pathophysiology and tumor progression[1][2]. Compared with related isoforms, COX-2 contains a larger and more flexible substrate-binding channel that enables distinct inhibitor selectivity and broader fatty-acid utilization[1][4]. Therefore, selective and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain important experimental tools for dissecting prostaglandin-dependent signaling pathways, while COX-2-selective inhibitors have been widely used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms and disease-associated prostanoid production[1][2][4].
References:
- [1]. Faki Y, et al. Different Chemical Structures and Physiological/Pathological Roles of Cyclooxygenases. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2021 Jan 19;12(1):e0003. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Joanne P, et al. Lipid reorganization induced by membrane-active peptides probed using differential scanning calorimetry. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Sep;1788(9):1772-81. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Cyclooxygenase in sciencedirect topic.
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COX Related Products (740)
Related Products (740)
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Ibuprofen-13C,d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-78131S1CAS No.: 1261394-40-4Synonyms: (±)-Ibuprofen-13C,d3
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Anticancer agent 166
0 ImagesAnticancer agent 166 (compound 3) is an anticancer agent with an excellent inhibition activity against Caco-2 (IC50 = 9.6 nM).
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Nitroparacetamol
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-119348CAS No.: 326850-30-0Synonyms: NCX-701Nitroparacetamol (NCX-701) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NO-NSAID). Nitroparacetamol is formed by the ester linkage of Acetaminophen (HY-66005) and Nitrooxybutyroyl, aiming to combine the analgesic advantage of Acetaminophen with the organ-protective effect of nitric oxide, while expanding its anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic spectrum of Nitroparacetamol is broader, and it is effective for painful pathological pain, and significantly reduces hepatotoxicity. Nitroparacetamol can reduce the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS.
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Indomethacin farnesil
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111274CAS No.: 85801-02-1Synonyms: Indometacin farnesilIndomethacin farnesil is an orally active proagent of Indomethacin. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells. Indomethacin disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes.
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Aspirin calcium
0 ImagesAspirin calcium is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin calcium induces apoptosis. Aspirin calcium inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin calcium also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
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Amfenac
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17479CAS No.: 51579-82-9Amfenac (AHR 5850) is an orally active and potent anti-inflammatory compound possessing antipyretic and analgesic properties. Amfenac can be used for the research of acute and chronic inflammation.
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N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-128463SCAS No.: 119391-92-3N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14 is the deuterium labeled N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
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Amtolmetin guacil
0 ImagesAmtolmetin guacil is an effective nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory agent with pain-relieving effects. Amtolmetin guacil inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX). Amtolmetin guacil can stimulate capsaicin receptors present on the gastrointestinal wall and also releases gastroprotective nitric oxide (NO). Amtolmetin guacil can be used to research knee osteoarthritis.
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Loxoprofenol-SRS tromethamine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-144773ACAS No.: 2582872-01-1Synonyms: HR1405–01Loxoprofenol-SRS tromethamine (HR1405-01), an active metabolite of Loxoprofen, is a Safe intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with superior anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
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(Rac)-γ-Tocopherol
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-115742CAS No.: 73980-80-0Synonyms: DMPBQ(Rac)-γ-Tocopherol (DMPBQ) is a Vitamin E isoform, which is converted by tocopherol cyclase to γ-Tcopherol.
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Deracoxib-d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17509SCAS No.: 2012598-48-8Synonyms: SC 046-d3; SC 46-d3; SC 59046-d3Deracoxib-d3 (SC 046-d3; SC 59046-d3) is the deuterium labeled Deracoxib (HY-17509). Deracoxib, an orally active COX-2 inhibitor, is a veterinary nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used exclusively in dogs. Deracoxib inhibits the COX-2 enzyme to reduce the production of prostaglandins, effectively controlling pain and inflammation after canine soft tissue surgery. Deracoxib reduces the inhibition of COX-1 and lowers the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Deracoxib induces tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and shows anti-tumor activity in canine osteosarcoma, breast tumors and bladder transitional cell carcinomas.
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BPD
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W995241CAS No.: 213481-12-0
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Flurbiprofen-13C,d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-10582S2CAS No.: 2747917-55-9Synonyms: dl-Flurbiprofen-13C,d3Flurbiprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
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Guaiacol-13C6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N1380S2CAS No.: 202326-52-1Synonyms: 2-Methoxyphenol-13C6
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Murraol
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N3231CAS No.: 109741-38-0Synonyms: CM-c2Murraol (CM-c2), a coumarin, can be isolated from the leaves of Madagascar pine cork (Apiaceae). Murraol has cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase inhibitory properties and has an inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cells.
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Dexketoprofen (trometamol) (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Dexketoprofen tromethamine salt (Standard)Dexketoprofen (trometamol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dexketoprofen (trometamol). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dexketoprofen trometamol (Dexketoprofen tromethamine salt) is an orally active non-selective COX inhibitor. Dexketoprofen trometamol has a pain-relieving effect.
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[8]-Shogaol (Standard)
![[8]-Shogaol (Standard)](https://file.medchemexpress.com/product_pic/hy-n2435r.gif "Click to View [8]-Shogaol (Standard) Product Detail")
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N2435RCAS No.: 36700-45-5-Shogaol (Standard) is the analytical standard of -Shogaol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. -Shogaol, a kind of stimulating compound in ginger, has antiplatelet (IC50=5 μM), anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. -Shogaol inhibited COX-2 (IC50=17.5 μM), which led to the decline of human leukemia cells. 8-Shogaol Selective direction TAK1 sum TAK1-TAB1 (IC50=5 μM), suppress IKK, Akt sum MAPK signal pathway, and reverse synovitis synovial sum Air dampness (RA).
