DNA Polymerases Substrate

2′-O,4′-C-Methyleneguanosine (LNA-G) is a reverse guanine analog, where LNA (locked nucleic acid) is a nucleic acid analog. LNA modification can be widely used in various fields, such as effective binding affinity with complementary sequences and stronger nuclease resistance than natural nucleotides, providing great potential for application in disease diagnosis and research. 2'-O,4'-C-Methyleneguanosine is a substrate for KOD DNA polymerase, which incorporates LNA-G nucleotides into growing DNA strands, including consecutive incorporations , to generate full-length extension products.

5-Aza-dCTP (5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine-5′-triphosphate) is a nucleotide analog that acts as a substrate for mammalian DNA polymerase α (K_m = 3.0 μM) and a weak competitive inhibitor of this enzyme (K_i = 4.3 μM). 5-Aza-dCTP inhibits DNA polymerase α via incorporation into DNA through Watson-Crick base pairing, inhibits DNA methyltransferases via incorporation into hemimethylated DNA, and induces mutations in HIV-1 via incorporation into viral DNA during synthesis. 5-Aza-dCTP reverses the inhibitory effect of dTTP on dCMP deaminase, and allosterically activates dCMP deamination to the same extent as dCTP. 5-Aza-dCTP is applicable to research related to leukemia and type 1 human immunodeficiency virus infection.