α-synuclein

FTY720-C2 is a derivative of FTY72 (HY-12005). FTY720-C2 promotes the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in multiple system atrophy (MSA) models, without causing immunosuppression. FTY720-C2 improves motor dysfunction and reduces the levels of insoluble alpha-synuclein (αSyn) in MSA mouse models. FTY720-C2 is blood-brain barrier penetrate.

Synucleozid-2.0 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable inhibitor that binds to the IRE of SNCA mRNA, with a EC₅₀ of 2.9 µM and a K_d value of 1.8 µM. Synucleozid-2.0 selectively binds to and stabilizes the A bulge and adjacent closed base pairs in the 5' UTR IRE of SNCA mRNA, blocks the translation process and reduces intracellular levels of α-synuclein. Synucleozid-2.0 exerts cytoprotective effects against cytotoxicity induced by α-synuclein preformed fibrils. Synucleozid-2.0 is applicable to the research of Parkinson's disease.

MAO-B-IN-31 (Compound 30) is an effective and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (monoamine oxidase B). The IC₅₀ value is 41 nM. MAO-B-IN-31 also inhibits α-syn and tau aggregation. MAO-B-IN-31 has neuroprotective activity.

Fast green FCF free acid is a dye that is acid-resistant. Fast Green FCF free acid inhibits α-synuclein aggregation, as well as Aβ, P2X4 receptor and TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB. Fast Green FCF free acid is widely used as a staining agent like quantitative stain for histones at alkaline pH after acid extraction of DNA, and as a protein stain in electrophoresis. Fast Green FCF free acid improves cognitive impairment, depression, relieves pain allergies, and promotes reproductive function.

Hordenine hydrochloride (Standard) (Ordenina hydrochloride (Standard); Peyocactine hydrochloride (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Hordenine hydrochloride (HY-N0113B). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hordenine hydrochloride (Ordenina hydrochloride; Peyocactine hydrochloride) is a multifunctional alkaloid with oral activity and blood-brain barrier penetration. Hordenine hydrochloride inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, p65, IκB, and AKT, prevents p65 nuclear translocation, and suppresses inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Hordenine hydrochloride inhibits melanin synthesis in melanocytes and reconstructed epidermis. Hordenine hydrochloride activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Hordenine hydrochloride activates DRD2, acts as a D3R partial agonist, α2A-AR full agonist, and 5-HT2A-R antagonist, and inhibits SERT and DAT. Hordenine hydrochloride inhibits α-synuclein accumulation and ameliorates motor deficits in Parkinson's disease models. Hordenine hydrochloride limits alcohol intake, reduces relapse drinking behavior. Hordenine hydrochloride can be used for research on mastitis, skin pigmentation, acute lung injury, foodborne diseases, hair loss, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections, and alcohol use disorder.

PQK7 is an α-synuclein (α-synuclein) binder with a K_d value of 4 μM. PQK7 binds to key residues in the NAC region of ⍺-Syn, enhances the fluctuation of ⍺-Syn, reduces β-sheet content, maintains the solubility of ⍺-Syn monomers, and preserves the normal function of the protein. PQK7 reduces the toxicity of ⍺-Syn aggregates, restores cell cycle progression, decreases apoptosis (apoptosis), and inhibits ROS production. PQK7 can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease.

NP7r is an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent. NP7r regulates oxidative stress, upregulates downstream antioxidant genes, reduces mitochondrial ROS, initiates Autophagy and clears α-synuclein aggregates. NP7r alleviates dopaminergic neuron degeneration, restores fat content, reduces lipid peroxidation, and improves motor impairment and abnormal food perception. NP7r is applicable to the research of Parkinson's disease.

Syn-516 is an inhibitor of α-synuclein (α-Syn). Syn-516 targets the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of α-Syn mRNA, with an IC₅₀ value of 1.8 μM, thereby inhibiting the translation process of α-Syn. Syn-516 improves motor dysfunction and colonic motility abnormalities associated with α-Syn overexpression in mouse models. α-Syn can be used to study diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia.

MODAG-005 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable PET probe precursor for α-synuclein (α‑Syn) aggregates, with a K_i value of 0.4 nM and a K_d value of 0.2 nM. MODAG-005 specifically binds to high-affinity sites within the tubular cavity of α-synuclein fibrils, and exhibits selectivity over tau protein fibrils and β-amyloid (A_1-42) fibrils. MODAG-005 is applicable to the research of multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease.

MNP2 is a NLRP3-ASC interaction inhibitor. MNP2 selectively binds to the PYD domain of ASC (K_a=149 nM) and blocks ASC-PYM binding (K_a=58 nM), thereby inhibiting the interaction between ASC and NLRP3 and suppressing the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. MNP2 inhibits IL-1β release and caspase-1 maturation, and reduces the efflux of potassium and chloride ions. MNP2 prevents mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species production, and significantly decreases NLRP3 inflammasome formation in neurodegenerative pathologies induced by β-amyloid, Tau protein and α-synuclein. MNP2 is applicable for the research of neurodegenerative diseases.

α-Synuclein inhibitor 15 (Compound 1) is an inhibitor targeting the fibrillation growth of α-synuclein (IC₅₀=18 μM). α-Synuclein inhibitor 15 is promising for research of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD).

α-Synuclein inhibitor 12 (compound 4ce) is an inhibitor of α-Syn (α-synuclein) aggregation and can be used in the study of neurological diseases.

Squalamine phosphate (Compound ENT-01) is an orally active neuroprotective agent. Squalamine phosphate can displace α-Syn that is bound electrostatically to nerve cell membranes and prevent aggregation of α-Syn. Squalamine phosphate can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Parkinson’s disease.

SMER10 is a small-molecule enhancer that can induce autophagy. SMER10 can increase the number of EGFP-LC3 positive autophagosoms in COS-7 and HeLa cells, promoting the conversion of LC3-I to autophagosome-associated LC3-II. SMER10 can efficiently promote the degradation of autophagy substrates, including the mutant huntingtin protein (EGFP-HDQ74) associated with Huntington's disease and the A53T α-synuclein protein associated with Parkinson's disease. SMER10 exerts neuroprotective effect.

Hordenine sulfate (Ordenina sulfate; Peyocactine sulfate) is a multifunctional alkaloid with oral activity and blood-brain barrier penetration. Hordenine sulfate inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, p65, IκB, and AKT, prevents p65 nuclear translocation, and suppresses inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Hordenine sulfate promotes M2 macrophage polarization, restores blood-milk barrier integrity, alleviates oxidative stress by reducing ROS and MDA, and attenuates LPS-induced lung injury and pulmonary edema. Hordenine sulfate inhibits cAMP production, CREB phosphorylation, and MITF expression, thereby suppressing melanin synthesis in melanocytes and reconstructed epidermis. Hordenine sulfate activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes dermal papilla cell proliferation and hair shaft elongation, and accelerates hair regeneration. Hordenine sulfate activates DRD2, acts as a D3R partial agonist, α2A-AR full agonist, and 5-HT2A-R antagonist, and inhibits SERT and DAT. Hordenine sulfate inhibits α-synuclein accumulation and ameliorates motor deficits in Parkinson's disease models. Hordenine sulfate limits alcohol intake, reduces relapse drinking behavior, and modulates alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Hordenine sulfate can be used for research on mastitis, skin pigmentation, acute lung injury, foodborne diseases, hair loss, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections, and alcohol use disorder.

α-Synuclein-IN-17 (Compound 10) is an α-Synuclein inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ value of 9 μM. α-Synuclein-IN-17 exhibits potent inhibitory activity against both in-vitro assembled asyn fibrils and LBD brain tissue-amplified asyn fibrils. α-Synuclein-IN-17 can be used for the study of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy Body Disease (LBD).

PDpep1.3 is a peptide inhibitor of α-synuclein that disrupts the direct interaction between α-synuclein and CHarged Multivesicular body Protein 2B (CHMP2B). As a result, PDpep1.3 restores the degradation function of endosomes and lysosomes, reduces the protein level and aggregation of α-synuclei, and protects dopaminergic neurons from α-synuclei-mediated degeneration. PDpep1.3 can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases and protein-protein interactions.

α-Synuclein-IN-18 (Compound Mol D) is an inhibitor of the autocatalytic proliferation of α-Synuclein aggregate. α-Synuclein-IN-18 can specifically bind to the conserved binding pocket on the surface of α-synuclein fibrils. α-Synuclein-IN-18 can delay the aggregation process of α-synuclein, extend the aggregation T_1/2 by three times. α-Synuclein-IN-18 can reduce the generation flux of α-synuclein toxic oligomers, thereby alleviating the neurotoxicity. α-Synuclein-IN-18 can be used for research of Parkinson’sdisease.

α-Synuclein inhibitor 7 (compound 3gf) is a potent and BBB-penetrated inhibitor of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, with an IC₅₀ of 1.95 μM and inhibition ratio at 30 μM of 85.8%.

α-Synuclein inhibitor 3 (Compound 7g) is a α-synuclein (α -Syn) aggregation inhibitor. α-Synuclein inhibitor 3 can be used for Parkinson’s disease research.