Ammonium iron(III) citrate
Based on 38 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Ammonium iron(III) citrate (Ammonium ferric citrate), a physiological form of nonetransferrin-bound iron, induces intracellular iron overload to cause ferroptosis. Ammonium iron(III) citrate can enhance protein production.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 98.0%
- CAS No.: 1185-57-5
- Formula: C6H8O7.xFe.xH3N
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Storage:
Store at room temperature, keep dry and cool.
In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Ammonium iron(III) citrate
More- Nature. 2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2026 Jun 11;189(12):3553-3570.e30. [Abstract]
- Mol Cancer. 2025 Oct 2;24(1):238. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 Jul 24:1-20.
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 6:e07384. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 7:e18323. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul;12(28):e2505359. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Feb 17;7(2):102621. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Aug 6;20(11):4222-4237. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Jun:141:156702. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2025 Oct 15:489:144992. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. [Abstract]
- Diabetes. 2026 Jun 1;75(6):1007-1023. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2026 Feb 6.
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Mar 16:246:334-349. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2024 Oct 1:15:1397727. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2026 Apr 29;74(16):13213-13229. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Jun 25;251(Pt 2):118188. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2024 Jun 15:347:122682. [Abstract]
- Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024 Feb 1:18:259-275. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2026 Apr 8;27(8):3357. [Abstract]
- mBio. 2025 Apr 9;16(4):e0012725. [Abstract]
- BMC Complement Med Ther. 2026 Apr 2;26(1):177. [Abstract]
- Front Mol Biosci. 2022 Jul 22:9:952608. [Abstract]
- Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jun 13. [Abstract]
- Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Feb;202(2):701-712. [Abstract]
- PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Dec 11;19(12):e0013815. [Abstract]
- J Sep Sci. 2025 Nov;48(11):e70312. [Abstract]
- J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2025 Oct;39(10):e70484. [Abstract]
- Tissue Cell. 2026 Jul 6;104(Pt 1):103757.
- New J Chem. 03 Aug 2022.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 2.
- Res Sq. 2025 Aug 08.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jul 24:2025.07.24.666650. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Oct:166:115333. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Apr 25;2022:3846217. [Abstract]
- Bioengineered. 2021 Dec;12(2):11610-11621. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Jul.
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WB
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Imaging/Staining
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Ammonium iron(III) citrate (Ammonium ferric citrate; 1, 5, 10, 15 mM; 24 hours) with 5 mM induces cell death in HT1080 cells. AML12 cells were highly resistant to Ammonium iron(III) citrate, as they maintained cell viability about 80%. Ammonium iron(III) citrate can be actively transported into cells by specific transporter[1].
Ammonium iron(III) citrate (6, 12, 18 mg/L) has a higher biomas for Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E (CV) in BG-11 medium with 12 mg/L and 18 mg/L[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1185-57-5
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Appearance Solid
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Formula C6H8O7.xFe.xH3N
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Color Light brown to brown
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SMILES
OC(CC(C(O)=O)(O)CC(O)=O)=O.[x Fe(III)].[x NH3]
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Synonyms
Ammonium ferric citrate; FAC
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Store at room temperature, keep dry and cool
In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (38)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227 -
Cell
2026 Jun 11;189(12):3553-3570.e30. PMID: 42049018 -
Mol Cancer
Hsa_circ_0038737 promotes PARPi resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer via IGF2BP3-mediated DNPH1 mRNA stabilization. [Abstract]2025 Oct 2;24(1):238. PMID: 41039575 -
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
Iron Overload Mediates the Differential Cell Fate of Astrocytes from Neurons and Its Regulatory Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke. [Abstract]2025 Nov 6:e07384. PMID: 41195589 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Fe-S Protein FDX1 Triggers Tumor-Intrinsic Innate Immunity via Mitochondrial Nucleic Acids Release to Orchestrate Ferroptosis in CCRCC. [Abstract]2025 Nov 7:e18323. PMID: 41199656
Ammonium iron(III) citrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 7:e18323. [Abstract]
Immunoblot analysis of FDX1 and mitochondrial marker TOMM20 in OSRC2 cells treated for 24 h with either FAC (Ammonium iron(III) citrate) 0–4 μM.
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
PHOSPHO1 Suppresses Ferroptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Reducing the Levels of Phosphatidylethanolamine Molecular Species. [Abstract]2025 Jul;12(28):e2505359. PMID: 40396905
Ammonium iron(III) citrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul;12(28):e2505359. [Abstract]
Ferroptosis was induced by erastin or FAC (Ammonium iron(III) citrate; 0-1600 μM) with different doses, and cell viability was analyzed by the CCK-8 after cells were treated for 2 days.
Ammonium iron(III) citrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul;12(28):e2505359. [Abstract]
Intracellular ROS was assessed using the DCFH-DA probe after being treated with 30 µM erastin or 500 µM FAC (Ammonium iron(III) citrate) for 4 h.
Ammonium iron(III) citrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul;12(28):e2505359. [Abstract]
Intracellular Fe2+ levels under 30 µM erastin or 500 µM FAC (Ammonium iron(III) citrate) treatment for 4 h were detected with the RhoNox-1(1μM; 1 h) fluorescent probe.
Ammonium iron(III) citrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul;12(28):e2505359. [Abstract]
Representative images of ferroptotic cells among iPSC-RPE cells, De-iPSC-RPE cells, and iRPE cells treated with 30 µM erastin or 500 µM FAC (Ammonium iron(III) citrate) for 2 days.
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Cell Rep Med
Bacterial vesicles from intratumoral L. salivarius enhance PD-1 blockade via FPR1-mediated macrophage polarization in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2026 Feb 17;7(2):102621. PMID: 41707647 -
Int J Biol Sci
IL-6 signaling accelerates iron overload by upregulating DMT1 in endothelial cells to promote aortic dissection. [Abstract]2024 Aug 6;20(11):4222-4237. PMID: 39247821 -
Phytomedicine
Tanshinone IIA promotes ferroptosis in cutaneous melanoma via STAT1-mediated upregulation of PTGS2 expression. [Abstract]2025 Jun:141:156702. PMID: 40222167 -
Food Chem
Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]2025 Oct 15:489:144992. PMID: 40466530 -
Food Chem
Discovery of novel ascorbic acid derivatives and other metabolites in fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt through untargeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking. [Abstract]2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. PMID: 36370576 -
Diabetes
Cooperative Action of Cathepsin K Inhibitor and hUMSC-EVs in Attenuating Ferroptosis Sensitivity for Superior Diabetic Wound Healing. [Abstract]2026 Jun 1;75(6):1007-1023. PMID: 41979994 -
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Free Radic Biol Med
Inhibiting Arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase expression ameliorates osteoarthritis progression by suppressing ferroptosis via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Mar 16:246:334-349. PMID: 41581577 -
Front Immunol
2024 Oct 1:15:1397727. PMID: 39430747 -
J Agric Food Chem
Polystyrene Microplastics Induced Hepatocytes Pyroptosis, Apoptosis and Ferroptosis via GSDMD-N-Mediated Mitochondrial Damage. [Abstract]2026 Apr 29;74(16):13213-13229. PMID: 41980172 -
Biochem Pharmacol
5-Methoxyseselin inhibits neuronal ferroptosis and β-amyloid production in female APP/PS1 transgenic mice. [Abstract]2026 Jun 25;251(Pt 2):118188. PMID: 42349617 -
Life Sci
Homogentisic acid metabolism inhibits papillary thyroid carcinoma proliferation through ROS and p21-induced cell cycle arrest. [Abstract]2024 Jun 15:347:122682. PMID: 38702025 -
Drug Des Devel Ther
Systematic Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Reveal the Alleviation of Astragalus membranaceus Regulating Ferroptosis in Osteoarthritis. [Abstract]2024 Feb 1:18:259-275. PMID: 38318502 -
Int J Mol Sci
SLC25A28 Ameliorates Hyperoxic Lung Injury by Improving Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Alveolar Epithelial Cells. [Abstract]2026 Apr 8;27(8):3357. PMID: 42074001 -
mBio
The long noncoding RNA APR attenuates PPRV infection-induced accumulation of intracellular iron to inhibit membrane lipid peroxidation and viral replication. [Abstract]2025 Apr 9;16(4):e0012725. PMID: 40126010 -
BMC Complement Med Ther
Hepatotoxicity prediction for traditional Chinese medicine: a two-step in silico framework integrating network and machine learning approaches. [Abstract]2026 Apr 2;26(1):177. PMID: 41923057 -
Front Mol Biosci
NPC1 Deficiency Contributes to Autophagy-Dependent Ferritinophagy in HEI-OC1 Auditory Cells. [Abstract]2022 Jul 22:9:952608. PMID: 35936782 -
Biol Trace Elem Res
SIRT1 Regulates Iron Metabolism to Attenuate β-Cell Dedifferentiation by Inhibiting FoxO1 Acetylation. [Abstract]2025 Jun 13. PMID: 40512369 -
Biol Trace Elem Res
Antagonizing Effects of Chromium Against Iron-Decreased Glucose Uptake by Regulating ROS-Mediated PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 Signaling Pathway in C2C12. [Abstract]2024 Feb;202(2):701-712. PMID: 37156991 -
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
The phytochemical arbutin exerts potent anti-Toxoplasma effects through activation of cell-autonomous defense mechanisms while attenuating inflammation. [Abstract]2025 Dec 11;19(12):e0013815. PMID: 41379884 -
J Sep Sci
Cell Metabolomics Reveals the Hepatotoxic Mechanism of Copper in Normal Rat Liver Cells Using Reversed-Phase and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. [Abstract]2025 Nov;48(11):e70312. PMID: 41172059 -
J Biochem Mol Toxicol
Ferroptosis and Lipid Peroxidation Participate in Valproic Acid-Induced Hepatotoxicity via the Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 4/Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Oct;39(10):e70484. PMID: 40990894 -
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bioRxiv
2025 Jul 24:2025.07.24.666650. PMID: 40777304 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Celastrol alleviated acute kidney injury by inhibition of ferroptosis through Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Oct:166:115333. PMID: 37598476 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
HO-1 Contributes to Luteolin-Triggered Ferroptosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Increasing the Labile Iron Pool and Promoting Lipid Peroxidation. [Abstract]2022 Apr 25;2022:3846217. PMID: 35656025 -
Bioengineered
ADAMTS-13-regulated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling inhibits ferroptosis to ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injuy. [Abstract]2021 Dec;12(2):11610-11621. PMID: 34666603 -
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
H2O : 33.33 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)
In Vivo:
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 50 mg/mL; Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Protocols
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Ferroptosis Solutions
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death characterized by lethal lipid peroxidation and sensitivity to suppression by iron chelators or lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidants. The core pathway links cystine uptake through system Xc−, glutathione availability, GPX4-dependent detoxification of phospholipid hydroperoxides, iron-dependent oxidative reactions, and polyunsaturated-phospholipid metabolism into a cell-death program that is biochemically and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. The ferroptosis pathway is experimentally linked to phenotype through chemical and genetic perturbation. Erastin induces ferroptosis by inhibiting cystine uptake through system Xc− and weakening antioxidant defenses, while GPX4 inhibition or depletion causes lipid peroxide accumulation and ferroptotic cancer-cell death. ACSL4 and oxidizable arachidonoyl- or adrenoyl-containing phosphatidylethanolamines shape ferroptosis sensitivity by con
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Perls' Prussian Blue Iron Staining
Perls' Prussian blue staining is a histochemical method used to detect non-heme ferric iron (Fe3+) in biological tissues by exploiting an acid-mediated release of loosely bound iron from storage complexes such as ferritin or hemosiderin, followed by its reaction with potassium ferrocyanide to form an insoluble blue ferric ferrocyanide (Prussian blue) precipitate that marks iron localization under light microscopy. The reaction is classically performed under acidic conditions, which liberate Fe3+ ions that subsequently bind ferrocyanide to generate the visible chromogen, enabling spatial visualization of iron deposits in tissues such as brain, liver, and spleen. Histochemical interpretations are limited to a reactive iron pool rather than total iron content, reflecting only histologically accessible iron species rather than tightly protein-bound iron.
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Protocol For Protein Expression And Purification
Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli followed by purification of a His-tagged soluble protein by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), with optional MBP fusion and TEV tag removal when the construct includes these elements. The biological readout is production of the encoded target protein, detected as an inducible band at the expected molecular mass by SDS-PAGE and quantified by total protein assay or chromatographic absorbance; the purification readout is enrichment of the target protein in elution fractions after selective binding of polyhistidine residues to immobilized Ni2+/metal-chelate resin and elution by imidazole-containing buffer. Expression is driven by an inducible bacterial expression system, commonly T7/lac-based, in which IPTG or lactose/auto-induction activates transcription and translation of the cloned gene; lower induction temperature, lower inducer concentration, induction timing, and solubility-enhancing fusion tags can influence the frac
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (276 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Shenglin Fang, et al. Effects of intracellular iron overload on cell death and identification of potent cell death inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 3;503(1):297-303. [Content Brief]
[2]. Yu-Cheng Lai, et al. Towards protein production and application by using Chlorella species as circular economy. Bioresour Technol. 2019 Oct;289:121625. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)