Brazilein 

Brazilein is a compound with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, with an IC₅₀ of 500 μM against guinea pig Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase. Brazilein reduces iNOS mRNA expression, thereby inhibiting nitric oxide production in immune cells. Brazilein suppresses inflammatory responses by reducing the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6, but has no effect on IL-1β expression. Brazilein reduces the cerebral infarction volume and improves the neurological function scores of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brazilein induces apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes in mice. Brazilein inhibits humoral immune responses in mice, and causes thymus and spleen atrophy as well as body weight loss in mice. Brazilein can be used in studies related to the nervous system, cardiovascular system and inflammatory diseases^[1][2][3].

Brazilein (3.5-28 μM; 16 h) inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO production in BV2 and RAW 264.7 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 18.77 μM and 264.18 μM^[1].
Brazilein (10-50 μM; 4 h) dose-dependently inhibits LPS-induced mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 in BV2 mouse microglia, but exerts no effect on the mRNA expression of IL-1β^[1].
Brazilein (1-10 μg/mL; 72 h) dose-dependently inhibits Concanavalin A (HY-P2149)-induced proliferation of mouse splenic T lymphocytes, with an inhibition rate of 56.18% at 10 μg/mL (72 h), 27.25% at 5 μg/mL (72 h), and 10.67% at 1 μg/mL (72 h)^[3].
Brazilein (1-10 μg/mL; 72 h) dose-dependently inhibits LPS-induced proliferation of mouse splenic B lymphocytes in vitro, with an inhibition rate of 68.38% at 10 μg/mL (72 h), 54.41% at 5 μg/mL (72 h), 46.69% at 2.5 μg/mL (72 h), and 26.11% at 1 μg/mL (72 h)^[3].
Brazilein (1-10 μg/mL; 72 h) induces apoptosis of mitogen-stimulated mouse splenic lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner in vitro^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Brazilein (2.5-10 mg/kg; single intravenous injection) significantly reduces cerebral infarction volume, improves neurological deficits, and inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats with transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion^[1].
Brazilein (1-48 mg/kg; intravenous injection; continuous infusion at 0.4 mL/kg/min) dose-dependently alters the electrocardiographic parameters of anesthetized guinea pigs, but does not induce ventricular arrhythmias even at the lethal dose of 48 mg/kg, which causes death via dyspnea^[2].
Brazilein (12.5-50 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal injection; 7 days) exhibits dose-dependent in vivo immunosuppressive activity in healthy mice^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

284.26

C₁₆H₁₂O₅

600-76-0

Solid

Brown to reddish brown

O=C1C=C2C(C=C1O)=C3C4=C(OCC3(C2)O)C=C(O)C=C4

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

• [1]. Shen J, et al. Brazilein protects the brain against focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury correlating to inflammatory response suppression. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;558(1-3):88-95.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Zhao YN, et al. Study on cardioactive effects of brazilein. Pharmacology. 2006;76(2):76-83.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Ye M, et al. Brazilein, an important immunosuppressive component from Caesalpinia sappan L. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(3):426-432.  [Content Brief]