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Biological Activity: Levobunolol (l-Bunolol) is a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist and vasodilator. By blocking calcium ion influx and reducing the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to calcium, Levobunolol effectively dilates the ciliary arteries and increases ocular blood flow, so it is widely used in research on glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Levobunolol inhibits the β-receptor signaling pathway and the expression of related proliferation markers (such as CK3, CK14, CK19, Ki67) in corneal cells. In rabbit models, Levobunolol not only does not inhibit corneal epithelial regeneration, but also accelerates the healing of mechanical injury without adverse effects. Levobunolol also inhibits histamine-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium elevation, exhibiting unique vascular regulatory activity. Levobunolol protects ocular blood flow and promotes corneal repair^[1][2][3].