Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Models

Oxazolone is a haptenizing agent that induces acute or chronic inflammation of the large intestine and is used to construct models of colitis. Oxazolone can cause Th1/Th2-dependent colitis with weight loss and diarrhea. Oxazolone-induced inflammation can be mitigated by neutralizing anti-IL-4 or anti-TNF-α antibodies or decoy IL-13R2-α-FC proteins.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (MW 35000-45000) is a polymer of dehydrated glucose with a molecular weight of approximately 35000-45000. DSS with different molecular weights exhibits different biological activities. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (MW 35000-45000) is a potent inducer of colitis. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (MW 35000-45000) can be used to induce model acute colitis, chronic colitis, and colitis-related colon cancer. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (MW 35000-45000) may be related to macrophage dysfunction, intestinal flora dysbiosis, and is particularly toxic to the colonic epithelium.

2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS; DNBSO) sodium salt (Sodium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate) is a classic colitis inducer that relies on activation of the NF-κB p65/COX-2/p38 pathway. As a hapten, 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt stimulates the production of immune responses in colonic tissues, triggers oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, and thereby leads to colonic injury. 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt successfully induces models of colitis and ulcerative colitis in rats, causing pathological changes such as ulcers, edema, stenosis, shortening and organ adhesion in the distal colon, along with significant increases in the levels of inflammatory indicators and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins. 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is widely used in studies on the mechanisms related to colitis and ulcerative colitis.