Isovalerylcarnitine chloride
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Isovalerylcarnitine chloride is a metabolite of leucine. Isovalerylcarnitine chloride can specifically activate calpain in human neutrophils. Isovalerylcarnitine chloride inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Elevated circulating levels of Isovalerylcarnitine chloride are negatively correlated with reduced lung cancer risk.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.48%
- CAS No.: 139144-12-0
- Formula: C12H24ClNO4
- Molecular Weight:281.78
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Isovalerylcarnitine chloride is a selective activator of calpain, which induces apoptosis[1].
Isovalerylcarnitine chloride exhibits pro-apoptotic activity, enhances cellular phagocytosis and cytotoxicity, and inhibits cell proliferation in U937 leukemic cells[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 139144-12-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 281.78
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Formula C12H24ClNO4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CC(C)CC(O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C)=O.[Cl-]
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (354.89 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.87 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.87 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Smith-Byrne K, et al. Circulating Isovalerylcarnitine and Lung Cancer Risk: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and Prediagnostic Blood Measurements. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022;31(10):1966-1974. [Content Brief]
[2]. Pontremoli S, et al. Isovalerylcarnitine is a specific activator of calpain of human neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987;148(3):1189-1195. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ferrara F, et al. Evaluation of carnitine, acetylcarnitine and isovalerylcarnitine on immune function and apoptosis. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2005;31(3):109-14. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.5489 mL | 17.7443 mL | 35.4887 mL | 88.7217 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7098 mL | 3.5489 mL | 7.0977 mL | 17.7443 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3549 mL | 1.7744 mL | 3.5489 mL | 8.8722 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2366 mL | 1.1830 mL | 2.3659 mL | 5.9148 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1774 mL | 0.8872 mL | 1.7744 mL | 4.4361 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1420 mL | 0.7098 mL | 1.4195 mL | 3.5489 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1183 mL | 0.5915 mL | 1.1830 mL | 2.9574 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0887 mL | 0.4436 mL | 0.8872 mL | 2.2180 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0710 mL | 0.3549 mL | 0.7098 mL | 1.7744 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0591 mL | 0.2957 mL | 0.5915 mL | 1.4787 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0444 mL | 0.2218 mL | 0.4436 mL | 1.1090 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0355 mL | 0.1774 mL | 0.3549 mL | 0.8872 mL |
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