Apamin TFA
Based on 11 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Apamin TFA (Apamine TFA) is an 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom), is known as a specifically selective blocker of Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 97.49%
- Formula: C81H132F3N31O26S4
- Molecular Weight:2141.36
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Storage:
Sealed storage, away from moisture.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Apamin TFA
More- Nat Commun. 2023 Dec 12;14(1):8255. [Abstract]
- J Headache Pain. 2025 Feb 25;26(1):42. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2026 May 27.
- Life Sci. 2024 Jan 1:336:122326. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 15:1003:177900. [Abstract]
- Cell Calcium. 2022 Jun;104:102571. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2024 Jul 6;10(14):e33994. [Abstract]
- Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2025 Nov;52(11):e70081. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2025 Dec 1:rs.3.rs-7895492. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2025 Nov 12.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jun 6:2025.06.05.657434. [Abstract]
Biological Activity
K+ channel[1]
Apamin (0.5-2 μg/mL; 24 hours; HSC-T6 cells) treatment markedly reduces the expression of α-SMA in the TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells. Apamin treatment abrogats the activation of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 induced by TGF-β1[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:HSC-T6 cells
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Concentration:0.5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Markedly reduced the expression of α-SMA in the TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells. Abrogated the activation of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 induced by TGF-β1.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice (20-25 g) with DDC feeding[1]
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Dosage:0.1 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection; twice a week; for 4 weeks
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Result:Resulted in decreased liver injury and proinflammatory cytokine levels. Suppressed the deposition of collagen, proliferation of BECs and expression of fibrogenic genes in the DDC-fed mice.
Chemical Information
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 2141.36
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Formula C81H132F3N31O26S4
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Color White to off-white
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Synonyms
Apamine TFA
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Sequence Shortening
CNCKAPETALCARRCQQH-NH2 (Disulfide bridge: Cys1-Cys11;Cys3-Cys15)
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Sealed storage, away from moisture
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (11)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
D-serine reconstitutes synaptic and intrinsic inhibitory control of pyramidal neurons in a neurodevelopmental mouse model for schizophrenia. [Abstract]2023 Dec 12;14(1):8255. PMID: 38086803 -
J Headache Pain
Pregnenolone sulfate potentiates tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channels to increase the excitability of dural afferent neurons in rats. [Abstract]2025 Feb 25;26(1):42. PMID: 40000932 -
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Life Sci
Regulatory role of Piezo1 channel in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-mediated vasorelaxation of small resistance vessels and its anti-inflammatory action. [Abstract]2024 Jan 1:336:122326. PMID: 38056769 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Novel mechanisms of metformin-induced vasorelaxation of mesenteric arterioles via endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization to treat murine colitis. [Abstract]2025 Sep 15:1003:177900. PMID: 40617384 -
Cell Calcium
Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in rat epididymal epithelial cells promotes transepithelial K+ secretion. [Abstract]2022 Jun;104:102571. PMID: 35314382 -
Heliyon
N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine induces endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-mediated vasorelaxation via store-operated calcium entry mechanism in healthy and intestinal inflammatory mice. [Abstract]2024 Jul 6;10(14):e33994. PMID: 39108891 -
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
Indole-3-Propionic Acid Improves Vascular Function in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via eNOS. [Abstract]2025 Nov;52(11):e70081. PMID: 41057979 -
Res Sq
Non-invasive electrical stimulation restores corneal nerve density and function in diabetic neuropathy via KCNN-dependent mechanism. [Abstract]2025 Dec 1:rs.3.rs-7895492. PMID: 41377972 -
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bioRxiv
2025 Jun 6:2025.06.05.657434. PMID: 40502172
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 50 mg/mL (23.35 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (46.70 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (270 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 0.4670 mL | 2.3350 mL | 4.6699 mL | 11.6748 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.0934 mL | 0.4670 mL | 0.9340 mL | 2.3350 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0467 mL | 0.2335 mL | 0.4670 mL | 1.1675 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0311 mL | 0.1557 mL | 0.3113 mL | 0.7783 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0233 mL | 0.1167 mL | 0.2335 mL | 0.5837 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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