Galaxolide
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Galaxolide is a polycyclic musk synthetic fragrance. Galaxolide possesses endocrine-disrupting activity and can exert anti-androgenic/estrogenic effects. Galaxolide exhibits in vivo androgenic activity in immature rats. Galaxolide can be used in studies related to endocrine disruption.
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- Purity: 76.44%
- CAS No.: 1222-05-5
- 화학식: C18H26O
- 분자량:258.40
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보관:
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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용액&용해도
- 순도&문서
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Galaxolide exerts antiandrogenic effects in PALM cells, with an EC50 value of 5.15 μM[1].
Galaxolide (0.25-1 μM; 2 days) acts as an AR agonist in HEK-293 T cells, and enhances AR transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner[2].
Galaxolide (0.25-1 μM; 3 days) promotes the proliferation of AR-expressing LNCaP cells[2].
Galaxolide (0.212-434 μM; 5 days) acts as an estrogen antagonist rather than an agonist in the YES assay with stably integrated hERα, inhibiting 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced activity with an IC50 of 1.63 × 10⁻5 M[3].
Galaxolide (1.00 × 10−10 to 1.0 × 10−5 M; 48 h) acts as an estrogen antagonist rather than an agonist in the rtER reporter gene assay in RTG-2 cells, and inhibits E2-induced activity with an IC50 of 2.79 × 10−9 M[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:AR-expressing LNCaP prostate cancer cells
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Concentration:0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 μM
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Incubation Time:3 days
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Result:Significantly promoted LNCaP cell proliferation at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 μM. Showed no significant effect on LNCaP cell proliferation at 1 μM.
Galaxolide (3.64 mg/kg; i.p.; single administration) significantly reduces E2-induced vitellogenin production in immature female rainbow trout, acting as an estrogen receptor antagonist[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Sprague Dawley Rat (male, 3-4 weeks old, 70-80 g)[2]
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Dosage:5, 10, 20 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; daily; 7 days
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Result:Significantly increased the weight-to-body weight ratio of the seminal vesicles and prostate.
Increased the folding of prostate epithelial cells and the interstices between adjacent seminiferous tubules in the testes.
Elevated the MKI67 and PCNA indices in both seminal vesicle and prostate tissues.
Induced widespread transcriptomic changes in seminal vesicle tissue, with upregulation of androgen-related genes (including DHCR24, SRD5A1, and RNASEH2B).
Upregulated the expression of DHCR24, SRD5A1, and RNASEH2B in seminal vesicle tissue.
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Animal Model:E2-induced rainbow trout (immature female, average mass 58.5 g)[3]
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Dosage:3.64 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; single dose
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Result:Significantly reduced 17β-estradiol-induced plasma vitellogenin levels compared to the 17β-estradiol-only treatment group.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1222-05-5
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 0.946±0.06 g/cm3)
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분자량 258.40
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화학식 C18H26O
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
CC1COCC2=CC3=C(C=C12)C(C)(C)C(C)C3(C)C
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선적
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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보관
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
용액&용해도
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (387.00 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.67 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
순도&문서
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (459 KB)
- English - EN (459 KB)
- Français - FR (459 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (459 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (459 KB)
- Español - ES (459 KB)
- Swedish - SV (459 KB)
- Italian - IT (459 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (459 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Cavanagh JE, et al. Assessment of endocrine disruption and oxidative potential of bisphenol-A, triclosan, nonylphenol, diethylhexyl phthalate, galaxolide, and carbamazepine, common contaminants of municipal biosolids. Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Apr;48:342-349. d [Content Brief]
[2]. Li M, et al. Galaxolide and Irgacure 369 are novel environmental androgens. Chemosphere. 2023;324:138329. [Content Brief]
[3]. Simmons DB, et al. Interaction of Galaxolide® with the human and trout estrogen receptor-α. Sci Total Environ. 2010;408(24):6158-6164. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.8700 mL | 19.3498 mL | 38.6997 mL | 96.7492 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7740 mL | 3.8700 mL | 7.7399 mL | 19.3498 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3870 mL | 1.9350 mL | 3.8700 mL | 9.6749 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2580 mL | 1.2900 mL | 2.5800 mL | 6.4499 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1935 mL | 0.9675 mL | 1.9350 mL | 4.8375 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1548 mL | 0.7740 mL | 1.5480 mL | 3.8700 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1290 mL | 0.6450 mL | 1.2900 mL | 3.2250 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0967 mL | 0.4837 mL | 0.9675 mL | 2.4187 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0774 mL | 0.3870 mL | 0.7740 mL | 1.9350 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0645 mL | 0.3225 mL | 0.6450 mL | 1.6125 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0484 mL | 0.2419 mL | 0.4837 mL | 1.2094 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0387 mL | 0.1935 mL | 0.3870 mL | 0.9675 mL |
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