Polyketides

Tylosin (lactate) is an anti-bacterial agent that can target spore-forming bacteria. Tylosin (lactate) can increase the levels of Enterococcus and lactobacilli in dogs' feces and help relieve tylosin-responsive diarrhea.

Dehydrorotenone is a rotenone analog that is resistant to alkali decomposition. When treated with alkaline solution or alkaline solution containing zinc, dehydrorotenone can absorb 2 molecules of water and convert into acid solution.

Isoorientin-7-O-rutinoside (Wyomin) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from barley.

Benastatin A is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase, which can be isolated from Streptomyces MI384-DF12.

Lanceolarin is an isoflavone compound isolated from the Andira inermis plant with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities.

Diosmetin 6,8-di-C-glucoside (Lucenin-2 4′-methyl ether) is a C-glycosyl flavonoid compound, which exhibits antioxidant activity.

Azaleatin-3-rutinoside is a flavonol glycoside that can be isolated from Carya pecan.

Cardanol triene is a phenol found in cashew nut shell liquid that reversibly inhibits tyrosinase with an IC₅₀ value of 40.5 μM in vitro. A mixture of cardanol mono-, di-, and triene is used to synthesize cardanol-metal complexes that inhibit uropathogenic E. coli biofilm formation.

2-Methylcardol triene is a phenol found in cashew nut shell liquid that inhibits α-glucosidase (IC₅₀=39.6 μM). 2-Methylcardol triene is schistosomicidal, killing 100% of adult S. mansoni worms after 24 hours when used at concentrations of 100 and 200 μM. 2-Methylcardol triene has been used as a starting material for the synthesis of mono- and bis-benzoxazines.

Neoaureothin is a bacterial metabolite that has been found in Streptomyces. It is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist that inhibits binding of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to ARs (IC₅₀=13 μM) and inhibits DHT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen in LNCaP cells (IC₅₀=1.75 nM). Neoaureothin is cytotoxic to A549, HCT116, and HepG2 cells (IC₅₀s=34.3, 47, and 37.2 μg/mL, respectively). It also has nematocidal activity against the pine wood nematode B. xylophilus (LC50=0.84 μg/mL) and increases survival of P. densiflora trees inoculated with B. xylophilus.

Anacardic acid diene is a polyunsaturated form of anacardic acid (HY-N2020) that has been found in cashew nut shell liquid. It has antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. mutans (MICs=12.5 and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively). Anacardic acid diene has schistosomicidal activity against adult S. mansoni worms when used at a concentration of 100 μM. It also inhibits soybean lipoxygenase-1 in a time-dependent manner.

Myricetin-3-O-robinoside is a flavonoid isolated from cassava flowers by chromatographic techniques. Its structure consists of a myricetin backbone to which a robinose moiety is attached at the third position.

Asebogenin has antimalarial activity in vitro. Asebogenin can inhibit the phosphorylation of Syk, thereby effectively suppressing platelet activation and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Cytochalasin J is a cytochalasin detivative. Cytochalasin J affects mitotic spindel microtubule organization and kinetochore structure, and exhibits cytotoxicity in human leukemia K562 cell with IC₅₀ of 1.5 μM.

Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide-6″-methyl ester is a flavonoid isolated from Atraphaxis spinosa L.

6-Hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside-6-O-β-D-glucoside is a potent antioxidant that can be isolated from Carthamus tinctorius.

(-)-Epicatechin 3-(3-O-methylgallate) is a catechin, that can be isolated from tea leaf. (-)-Epicatechin 3-(3-O-methylgallate) shows anti-inflammatory activity.

Mearnsetin is a compound that can be isolated from Elaeocarpus lanceofolius. Mearnsetin has antioxidative properties.

Araneosol (Compound 2) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Herissantia tiubae.

(-)-Latifolin, a flavonoid, induces apoptotic cell death by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling. (-)-Latifolin significantly inhibits the cell proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and causes the anti-metastatic activities by effectively blocking cell migration, invasion, and adhesion via the inactivation of FAK/Src. (-)-Latifolin suppresses autophagic-related proteins and autophagosome formation. (-)-Latifolin inhibits necroptosis by dephosphorylating necroptosis-regulatory proteins (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL). (-)-Latifolin has beneficial effects on anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective activities.