Maltobionic acid
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Maltobionic acid (4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid) is an orally active oligosaccharide and iron chelator with antibacterial activity. Maltobionic acid inhibits the expression of NFATc1, suppresses osteoclast differentiation, inhibits bone resorption, and increases serum calcitonin levels. Maltobionic acid protects mammalian cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage; resists fermentation by the gut microbiota; and exhibits anti-digestive and anti-fermentative properties. Maltobionic acid can be used in research related to osteoporosis, bacterial infections, and constipation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 90.0%
- CAS No.: 534-42-9
- Formula: C12H22O12
- Molecular Weight:358.30
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Maltobionic acid (0.01-1000 μM; 72 h) significantly inhibits sRANKL (an NF-κB activator)-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells without reducing cell viability[1].
Maltobionic acid (100-1000 μM; 48 h) significantly reduces the expression of NFATc1, a key transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation, in sRANKL-stimulated RAW264 cells[1].
Maltobionic acid (100-1000 μM; 15 min) significantly enhances sRANKL-induced IκBα phosphorylation in RAW264 cells[1].
Maltobionic acid (0.4-50 mg/mL; 24 h) inhibits the growth of *Salmonella choleraesuis*, *Escherichia coli*, *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Listeria monocytogenes*, with MIC values of 8.0, 8.5, 10.5 and 8.0 mg/mL, respectively[2].
Maltobionic acid (100 μg/mL; 24.5 h) exerts cytoprotective effects on HEK-293 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage[2].
Cassava starch-chitosan films supplemented with 7.5% (w/w) maltose acid inhibit the growth of *Listeria monocytogenes*, *Salmonella choleraesuis*, *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus*, with a zone of inhibition diameter ranging from 15.67 to 22.33 mm[2].
Sodium maltobionate (10% (w/v) to 1% (w/w); 30 min-6 h) is completely indigestible by artificial saliva, gastric juice, and pancreatic juice in vitro, and is only minimally (3.3%) digested by rat intestinal enzymes[4].
Sodium maltobionate (0.5% (w/v); 3 days) is selectively utilized by specific human intestinal bacteria, and exhibits strong proliferative activity against Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium adolescentis[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:murine macrophage RAW264 cells
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Concentration:0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM
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Incubation Time:72 h
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Result:Caused a significant decrease in the number of multinucleated (4+ nuclei) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast-like cells relative to control.
Did not significantly affect cell viability at any tested concentration.
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Cell Line:murine macrophage RAW264 cells
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Concentration:0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Caused a significant decrease in NFATc1 protein expression relative to the sRANKL-treated control.
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Cell Line:murine macrophage RAW264 cells
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Concentration:0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM
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Incubation Time:15 min
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Result:Caused a significant increase in phosphorylated IκBα protein levels relative to the sRANKL-treated control.
In Vivo
Maltobionic acid (1600 mg/kg; p.o.; single administration) exhibits high resistance to digestion and fermentation in rats[3].
Maltobionic acid enhances intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in healthy rats, and increases the weight of cecal contents and levels of short-chain fatty acids[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:ddY mice (4-week-old female; ovariectomized)[1]
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Dosage:5.0% (w/w)
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Administration:p.o.; ad libitum; 80 days
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Result:Increased femur dry weight to 60.8 mg (vs. 52.4 mg in control).\nIncreased femur calcium content to 12.7 mg (vs. 10.2 mg in control).
Increased femur phosphorus content to 5.29 mg (vs. 4.12 mg in control).
Increased serum calcitonin levels significantly.
Decreased serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) levels significantly.
Showed an upward trend in femoral bone mineral density.
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Animal Model:Wistar rats (male, initial body weight 220 g)[3]
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Dosage:1600 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; single dose
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Result:Was minimally hydrolyzed by brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV).
Produced no significant difference in exhaled hydrogen levels over 8 h following administration compared with controls.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 534-42-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 358.30
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Formula C12H22O12
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O
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Synonyms
4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (279.10 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.98 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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RNA extraction experimental
By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Research Protocol for Microbiome Analysis
Microbiome analysis characterizes microbial communities in biological or environmental samples by measuring community composition, diversity, taxonomic structure, functional potential, and associations with host or environmental phenotypes. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is commonly used for bacterial and archaeal taxonomic profiling, while shotgun metagenomics provides higher taxonomic resolution and direct functional information, including microbial genes, pathways, viruses, fungi, and antimicrobial-resistance genes when sequencing depth and host-DNA contamination are adequately controlled. Microbiome results are strongly affected by sample collection, storage, DNA extraction, contamination, sequencing method, reference database, and bioinformatic pipeline; therefore, standardized protocols, negative controls, mock communities, and transparent analysis workflows are required. Unresolved issues include low-biomass contamination, compositional-data bias, inconsistent species-level c
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Bacterial live/dead nucleic-acid viability staining
The LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability staining method is based on differential permeability of nucleic-acid-binding fluorescent dyes, most commonly SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI), which enables discrimination of bacterial populations with intact versus compromised cytoplasmic membranes. SYTO 9 penetrates both intact and damaged bacterial membranes and binds nucleic acids to produce green fluorescence, whereas propidium iodide penetrates only cells with compromised membranes and fluoresces red while also reducing SYTO 9 signal through competitive binding and fluorescence interactions. The resulting fluorescence pattern is interpreted as a proxy for membrane integrity, which is widely used as an indicator of bacterial viability in microscopy, flow cytometry, and spectroscopic platforms. However, mechanistic studies show that SYTO 9 and PI interactions involve displacement and fluorescence resonance energy transfer effects, which can influence signal interpretation depending on dye ratios a
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Osteoclast differentiation from monocyte/macrophage precursors
Osteoclast differentiation is an in vitro induction assay in which monocyte/macrophage-lineage precursors are exposed to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), generating multinucleated osteoclasts that are commonly identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and functionally confirmed by resorption pits on dentin, bone, or mineralized substrates. M-CSF supports survival and expansion of osteoclast precursors, while RANKL binding to RANK drives osteoclast commitment, fusion, maturation, and resorptive function; osteoprotegerin inhibits this pathway by binding RANKL and preventing RANK activation. The main readouts are the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, formation of F-actin rings, and resorbed surface area; TRAP-positive multinucleated cells indicate osteoclast differentiation, whereas pit formation on dentin, bone, or mineralized coating indicates functional bone-resorbing activity.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (284 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[2]. de Souza RC, et al. Purification, bioactivity and application of maltobionic acid in active films. 3 Biotech. 2024;14(1):32. [Content Brief]
[3]. Tanabe K, et al. Metabolic fate of newly developed nondigestible oligosaccharide, maltobionic acid, in rats and humans. Food Sci Nutr. 2020;8(7):3610-3616. Published 2020 May 20. [Content Brief]
[4]. Fukami K, et al. In Vitro Utilization Characteristics of Maltobionic Acid and Its Effects on Bowel Movements in Healthy Subjects. J Appl Glycosci (1999). 2020;67(1):1-9. Published 2020 Feb 20. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.7910 mL | 13.9548 mL | 27.9096 mL | 69.7739 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5582 mL | 2.7910 mL | 5.5819 mL | 13.9548 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2791 mL | 1.3955 mL | 2.7910 mL | 6.9774 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1861 mL | 0.9303 mL | 1.8606 mL | 4.6516 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1395 mL | 0.6977 mL | 1.3955 mL | 3.4887 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1116 mL | 0.5582 mL | 1.1164 mL | 2.7910 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0930 mL | 0.4652 mL | 0.9303 mL | 2.3258 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0698 mL | 0.3489 mL | 0.6977 mL | 1.7443 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0558 mL | 0.2791 mL | 0.5582 mL | 1.3955 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0465 mL | 0.2326 mL | 0.4652 mL | 1.1629 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0349 mL | 0.1744 mL | 0.3489 mL | 0.8722 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0279 mL | 0.1395 mL | 0.2791 mL | 0.6977 mL |
Maltobionic acid Related Classifications
HY-W423191 Related Classifications
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Keywords
- Maltobionic acid
- 534-42-9
- 4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid
- Nuclear Factor of activated T Cells (NFAT)
- Bacterial
- nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1
- bone resorption
- osteoclast differentiation
- ovariectomy-induced femoral bone mineral content
- HEK-293 cells
- Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis
- Escherichia coli
- RAW264 cells
- serum calcitonin
- ovariectomy-induced femoral bone mineral density
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit