mRNA
Human TP53 mRNA encodes the human tumor protein p53 (TP53) protein, a tumor suppressor protein containing transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. TP53 responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism.
Human VEGFA mRNA encodes the human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) protein, a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. VEGFA could induce proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis.
Human VEGFC mRNA encodes the human vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) protein, a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family. VEGFC promotes angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, and can also affect the permeability of blood vessels.
Human XCR1 mRNA encodes the human X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1) protein, a G protein-coupled receptor that belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. XCR1 can transduce a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level.
Human YAP1 mRNA encodes the human Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) protein, a downstream nuclear effector of the Hippo signaling pathway which is involved in development, growth, repair, and homeostasis. YAP1 is known to play a role in the development and progression of multiple cancers as a transcriptional regulator of this signaling pathway and may function as a potential target for cancer treatment.
Human ZIC1 mRNA encodes the human Zic family member 1 (ZIC1) protein, a member of the ZIC family of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins. ZIC1 plays important roles in the early stage of organogenesis of the CNS, as well as during dorsal spinal cord development and maturation of the cerebellum.
β-galactosidase mRNA (5moU) encodes β-galactosidase, a protein product of the bacterial LacZ gene. β-galactosidase catalyzes the conversion of β-galactosides into monosaccharides which could be used as a common marker to assess transfection efficiency. The incorporation of 5moU can reduce the immunogenicity of the resulting mRNA.
Cas9 Nickase D10A mRNA expresses a version of the Streptococcus pyogenes SF370 Cas9 protein (CRISPR Associated Protein 9) that contains a D10A amino acid substitution. This mRNA also contains a C-terminal nuclear localization signal followed by a HA tag.Cas9 functions as part of the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) genome editing system. In the CRISPR system, an RNA guide sequence targets the site of interest and the Cas9 protein is employed to perform the DNA cleavage. While wild-type Cas9 creates a double-stranded break at the target site, Cas9 nickase creates a single-stranded break. This favors homology-directed repair and decreases the occurrence of non-homologous end joining.
eGFP mRNA (5moU) expresses a green fluorescent protein, originally isolated from the jellyfish, Aequorea victoria. EGFP is a commonly used direct detection reporter in mammalian cell culture, yielding bright green fluorescence. The substitution with 5’-Methoxyuridine (5moU) improves protein expression and reduces innate immune response.
Human EPO mRNA encodes the human erythropoietin (EPO) protein, a hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. EPO also plays a role in wound healing and the brain’s response to neural injury. Kariko et al. showed that transfection of EPO mRNA in vivo resulted in significant increases of both reticulocyte counts and hematocrits.
mCherry mRNA (5moU) encodes the fluorescent protein, mCherry, which is derived from DsRed, a protein found in Discosoma sp. mCherry is a monomeric fluorophore with a peak absorption at 587 nm and emission at 610 nm. It is stable and resistant to photobleaching.
OVA mRNA (5moU) encodes the ovalbumin (OVA) protein, a member of the serpin superfamily and the predominant glycoprotein found in egg whites. It is a commonly used antigen for immunization and biochemical studies and is an established model allergen for airway hyper-responsiveness.
Renilla luciferase (RLuc) mRNA (5moU) will express a luciferase protein, originally isolated from the Renilla muelleri (Sea pansy). Luciferases are widely used in biotechnology, for microscopy and as reporter genes, for many of the same applications as fluorescent proteins.
Mouse Mef2c mRNA encodes the mouse myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2c) protein, a transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Mef2c controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development, neurogenesis and the development of cortical architecture.
