Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 (BMP-5) is a ligand protein with pleiotropic, belongs to TGFβ family. BMP/TGFβ signaling to involve in vascular and valvular homeostasis, which is a critical process of embryonic development[1]. And BMP/TGFβ signaling can be terminated by inhibitory SMADs including SMAD6 and SMAD7, which are activated and induced by BMP signaling and switch off BMP signaling via multiple mechanisms[2]. BMP-5 silencing inhibits chondrocyte senescence and apoptosis as well as osteoarthritis (OA) progression by downregulating activity in the p38/ERK signaling pathway[3]. BMP-5 initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR2[4]. BMP-5 also triggers signal through non-canonical pathway such as MAPK p38 signaling cascade to promote chondrogenic differentiation[5]. BMP-5 specific expressing in neural crest progenitor cells is sufficient to induce cell proliferation through the Mek-Erk-Id3 signaling cascade, whereas disruption of this signaling cascade had no effect on cell survival[6].