Triterpenes as α-glucosidase inhibitors from Fagus hayatae

Triterpenoids, 1-3, 8 and 9, along with 24 known compounds were isolated from leaves and twigs of Fagus hayatae. Of these, compound 1, 1,10-seco-3β,10α,23-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-1,28-dioic acid 1,23-lactone, possesses a hitherto unknown 1,10-seco-oleanane skeleton. In addition, 2,3-seco-20(29)-lupene-2,3-dioic acid (16), previously described as a synthetic product, is now established as a plant natural product; the neolignan-9'-O-rhamnoside 19 is also characterized herein. Their structures were deduced mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. Seven of these compounds possess moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase type IV (Bacillus stearothermophilus).