FGF-2 Protein, Mouse (154a.a)

FGF-2 protein belongs to the heparin-binding FGF growth factor family and plays a crucial role in tendon-to-bone healing, cartilage repair, bone repair, nerve regeneration, and cancer development^[1][4].
(1) Bone Cell Proliferation: Low doses of FGF-2 protein stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and upregulate the mRNA expression of type I/III collagen and fibronectin. However, high doses of FGF-2 protein do not stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) protein proliferation and gene expression. FGF-2 protein also acts as an endogenous and intrinsic growth factor in cartilage repair. FGF-2 binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and is stored in the ECM of articular cartilage. When cartilage is damaged or degenerates, ECM rapidly releases FGF-2 and activates ERK signaling pathways to promote cartilage regeneration. FGF-2 exhibits a biphasic effect when binding to its specific receptors. FGF-2 promotes the repair of articular cartilage in conjunction with FGFR3, whereas it promotes the degeneration of articular cartilage when combined with FGFR1^[1].
(2) Inducing Cancer Development: FGF-2 enhances the self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells, contributing to glioma growth and vascularization^[2]. Dysregulation of FGF-2 signaling induces cancer development, and FGF-2 protein is a key tumor-promoting factor in the tumor microenvironment^[6].
(3) Neurogenesis: FGF-2 protein is essential for the proliferation of cortical cells and neurogenesis in the brain^[3]. FGF-2 protein regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells through β-catenin mediation. In the presence of FGF-2 protein, overexpression of β-catenin helps maintain neural progenitor cells in a proliferative state. However, in the absence of FGF-2 protein, overexpression of β-catenin enhances neuronal differentiation^[8].
(4) Inducing Inflammation: Elevated levels of FGF-2 protein lead to dysregulation of angiogenesis and inflammatory responses, inducing the expression of various inflammation-related genes, including pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and their receptors, endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and components of the prostaglandin pathway^[4].
(5) Angiogenesis: FGF-2 protein promotes angiogenesis by interacting with various endothelial cell surface receptors, including tyrosine kinase receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and integrins^[4]. Overexpression of FGF-2 protein in vivo leads to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, while a reduction in FGF-2 protein levels effectively prevents pulmonary arterial hypertension^[7].
FGF-2 protein is highly conserved among certain species, with human FGF-2 protein sequence sharing 97.4%, 95.45%, and 98.71% similarity with that of rat, mouse, and cow, respectively.

FGF-2 protein (Mouse) (0-50 ng/mL, 30 minutes to 2 hours) dose-dependently increases the levels of β-catenin mRNA in CD1 mouse neural progenitor cells, thereby regulating neuronal proliferation and differentiation^[8].

FGF-2 protein (Mouse) (2 and 6 μg/kg, i.v., single dose) significantly improves myocardial function in a chronic ischemia model of Yorkshire pigs (created through surgical procedures)^[9].
FGF-2 protein (Mouse) (5 ng/g, i.p., once daily for 21 days) reduces anxiety-like behavior and increases hippocampal cell survival in high-anxiety (LR) Sprague Dawley rats (bred selectively)^[5].