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  6. TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi)

TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi)

Cat. No.: HY-P78218
COA Handling Instructions

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury. TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is a biotinylated recombinant protein with a C-Terminal Avi and a His label, It consists of 157 amino acids (V77-L233) and is produced in HEK293 cells.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

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  • Biological Activity

  • Technical Parameters

  • Properties

  • Documentation

  • References

Description

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine[1]. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death[2]. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse[3]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury[4]. TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is a biotinylated recombinant protein with a C-Terminal Avi and a His label, It consists of 157 amino acids (V77-L233) and is produced in HEK293 cells.

Background

TNF alpha is produced by various types of cells including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells[2].
The amino acid sequence of human TNF alpha protein has low homology between mouse, rat, bovine, cynomolgus TNF alpha protein. While, human TNF alpha shares 94.85% aa sequence identity with cynomolgus TNF alpha protein, mouse TNF alpha shares 94.47% aa sequence identity with rat TNF alpha protein.
TNF alpha exists in two forms; a type II transmembrane protein (tmTNF-α) and a mature soluble protein (sTNF-α). TNF-α binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. Both sTNF-α and tmTNF-α activate TNFR1, and process a death domain (DD) that interacts with the TNFR1-associated death domain (TRADD) adaptor protein. The TNFR2 signaling pathway is mainly activated by tmTNF-α. TNFR1 signaling tends to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. TNFR2 results in NF-κB and MAPKs and AKT activation, TNFR2 activation is associated with homeostatic bioactivities such as tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and cell survival, as well as host defense and inflammation[1].
TNF-alpha is critical for normal immune response, abnormal secretion TNF alpha activates synovial fibroblasts, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, induces rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and noninfectious uveitis (NIU)[3]. TNF alpha positively regulates endogenous TNF-α expression levels independently of Pgp efflux activity, induces IHF cells proliferation[4]. TNF alpha in tissues may promote cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Besides, TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 and anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse[5]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury[6].

In Vitro

TNF alpha (human) (0, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 ng/mL; 24, 48 h) reduces KB-C1 cells viability at 30 ng/mL after 48 h, reduces pro-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 expression in KB-C1 and KB-3-1 cells[4].
TNF alpha (human) (10, 15 ng/mL; 24 h) significantly increases the mRNA levels of Pgp (ABCB1) in KB-3-1 cells, and promotes expressive reduction on total Pgp protein levels and a slightly decreases in cell surface-Pgp in KB-C1 cells, and stimulates IHF cells proliferation, probably via ERK activation[4].

In Vivo

TNF alpha (human) (100 µg; osmium pump in back; daily for 7 days) significantly increases in the number of inflammatory cells and the degree of synovial inflammation is significantly exacerbated in twenty-four SCID-HuRAg mice[7].

Biological Activity

Immobilized Human TNF R2 mFc at 0.5 μg/mL (100μL/Well) on the plate. Dose response curve for Biotinylated Human TNF alpha His with the EC50 of 3.5-6.6 ng/mL determined by ELISA.

Species

Human

Source

HEK293

Tag

C-Avi;C-His

Accession

P01375 (V77-L233)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
TGF-α (V77-L233)
Accession # P01375
His-Avi
C-term
Synonyms
APC1 protein; Cachectin; DIF; TNF; TNFalpha; TNFATNF; TNFSF1A; TNFSF2; TNFA; TNFα; DIF; TNFSF2
Molecular Weight

21-24 kDa

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by Tris-Bis PAGE.

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4. Normally 5% trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

  • Reconstitution Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

  • Specific Activity Calculator

The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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Product Name:
TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi)
Cat. No.:
HY-P78218
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