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Danicopan (ACH-4471), a selective and orally active small-molecule factor D inhibitor, shows high binding affinity to human Factor D with Kd value of 0.54 nM. Danicopan (ACH-4471) inhibits alternative pathway of complement (APC) activity, has potential to block the alternative pathway of complement in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) .
Whole Leukocyte Esterase, Human (Unsonicated White Blood Cell Esterase, WBC Esterase) is a biological material or organic compound that can be used in life science research .
Feruloyl esterase plays a major role in the degradation of plant biomass. Feruloyl esterase catalyzes the cleavage and formation of ester bonds between plant cell wall polysaccharide and phenolic acid .
Cholesterol esterase, Pseudomonas is an enzyme that hydrolyzes cholesterol ester to cholesterol and free fatty acid in the intestinal lumen. Cholesterol synthesized in the acinar cells and is stored in zymogen granules. Cholesterol esterase is also known as bile salt-stimulated lipase and carboxy ester lipasea, acts function for acceleration of cholesterol absorption .
Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) . Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro .
Esterase, pig liver (CESs), namely carboxylate hydrolases, are widely distributed in nature, commonly found in mammalian liver, and often used in biochemical research. Esterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of a variety of endogenous and exogenous substrates, including esters, thioesters, carbamates, and amides, hydrolyzing carboxylic acid esters to the corresponding alcohols and carboxylic acids .
Fluorescein-CM2 is a fluorogenic molecule that can be used to rapidly screen esterase cut sites for protein-protein interaction-dependent (PPI-dependent) esterase activity in E. coli .
5(6)-Carboxynaphthofluorescein diacetate is a fluorescent substrate for esterase assays that can be cleaved by intracellular esterases, producing red fluorescence to measure enzyme activity (Ex = 590 nm; Em = 645 nm) .
Human leukocyte esterase (unsonicated) is a biocatalyst and a key enzyme in new biocatalyst technology. Enzyme engineering focuses on enhancing enzyme reaction kinetics, substrate selectivity, and activity under harsh conditions such as low or high pH. By introducing stimulus responsiveness to these enzyme modifications, dynamic control of activity is also possible .
AMK-EX (Immobilized cephalosporin C or 7-ACA esterase) is an immobilized enzyme, among which cephalosporin C C/7-ACA esterase is a type of enzyme that can hydrolyze the ester bond of cephalosporin C or 7-ACA. Immobilized enzyme is a technology that immobilizes enzymes on carriers, which can be easily separated and recovered, improving the stability, activity and reusability of enzymes .
Acetylcholine-d9 (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Acetylcholine chloride. Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)[1][2]. Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro[5].
Acetylcholine-d4 (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Acetylcholine chloride. Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)[1][2]. Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro[5].
CEase-IN-1 (Compound A1H3) is a potent and selective cholesterol esterase (CEase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.36 μM. CEase-IN-1 can be used for the research of hypercholesterolemia .
21-Desacetyldeflazacort (21-desDFZ) is the active metabolite of Deflazacort (HY-13609). Deflazacort is an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. Deflazacort is an inactive pro-drug which can be rapidly converted by esterases to the active metabolite 21-desacetyldeflazacort after oral administration .
JNJ-10181457 is a neutral, potent, brain-penetrant and selective non-imidazole H3 antagonist which increases NE and ACh concentrations in rat frontal cortex. JNJ-10181457 can be used for neurological research .
PSB-1115 potassium salt is a selective A2BAdenosine Receptor antagonist. PSB-1115 potassium salt inhibits the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced contraction inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) .
PF-03382792 is a potent 5-HT4 partial agonist with a Ki of 2.7 nM and an EC50 of 0.9 nM for 5-HT4d. PF-03382792 can penetrate the brain. PF-03382792 produces moderate increases in cortical Ach in the rat prefrontal cortex .
ETZ (C3-CA-DTZ) is a promising luciferase substrate (prosubstrate) activatable in vivo by nonspecific esterase to enhance the brain delivery of the luciferin .
4-Methylumbelliferyl nonanoate is a fluorogenic substrate of esterases. 4-Methylumbelliferyl nonanoate can be hydrolyzed to 4-methylumbelliferone with bright blue fluorescence .
Butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE), Horse Serum (BCHE, BuChE, PCHE, pseudocholinesterase, plasma cholinesterase, Acylcholine acyl-hydrolase, Choline esterase, butyryl) is a biological material or organic compound that can be used in life science research .
Green CMFDA is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe with Em of 514 nm and Ex of 485 nm and can be used as a cell tracer. Green CMFDA can be cleaved by non-specific esterases common in living cells, producing a fluorescent compound, fluorescein, visible using a fluorescent microscope .
Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
Atropine (Tropine tropate) sulfate monohydrate is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine sulfate monohydrate inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine sulfate monohydrate can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
Atropine (Tropine tropate) sulfate is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine sulfate inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine sulfate can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
Atropine (Tropine tropate) hydrobromide is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine hydrobromide inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine hydrobromide can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
5-CFDA-AM is a cell-permeable esterase substrate that can be used as an active probe to measure enzyme activity and cell membrane integrity. 5-CFDA-AM is electroneutral and can enter the cell at a lower concentration than CFDA, where it is hydrolysed by intracellular esterases to produce carboxyfluorescein. Carboxyfluorescein contains an additional negative charge and can be better retained in the cell .
Zanapezil (TAK-147) fumarate is a potent, reversible and selective acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Zanapezil fumarate shows a potent and reversible inhibition of AChE activity in homogenates of the rat cerebral cortex (IC50=51.2 nM). Zanapezil fumarate shows a moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM, respectively. Zanapezil fumarate can be used for the research of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .
Zanapezil (TAK-147) is a potent, reversible and selective acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Zanapezil shows a potent and reversible inhibition of AChE activity in homogenates of the rat cerebral cortex (IC50=51.2 nM). Zanapezil shows a moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM, respectively. Zanapezil can be used for the research of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .
ML380 is a potent, subtype-selective, and brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of M5 mAChR, with EC50s of 190 and 610 nM for human and rat M5, respectively. ML380 exhibits moderate selectivity versus the M1 and M3 mAChR subtypes. ML380 could increase the affinity of ACh for the M5 mAChR .
Zanapezil (TAK-147) free base is a potent, reversible and selective acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Zanapezil free base shows a potent and reversible inhibition of AChE activity in homogenates of the rat cerebral cortex (IC50=51.2 nM). Zanapezil free base shows a moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM, respectively. Zanapezil free base can be used for the research of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .
4-Methylumbelliferyl butyrate (4-MUB) is a coumarin-based fluorogenic substrate used for the identification of M. catarrhalis C4- esterase. 4-Methylumbelliferyl butyrate can converse to the blue-emissive 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU; HY-N0187) .
AA26-9 is a potent and broad spectrum serine hydrolase inhibitor. AA26-9 targets included serine peptidases, lipases, amidases, esterases, and thioesterases. AA26-9 shows inhibitory activity against approximately 1/3 of the 40+ serine hydrolases detected in immortalized T cell lines .
Etilevodopa (L-Dopa ethyl ester), an ethyl-ester proagent of Levodopa, is rapidly hydrolyzed to Levodopa and ethanol by nonspecific esterases in the gastrointestinal tract. Etilevodopa is used for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Levodopa is the direct precursor of dopamine and is a suitable proagent as it facilitates CNS penetration and delivers dopamine .
Etilevodopa (L-Dopa ethyl ester) hydrochloride, an ethyl-ester proagent of Levodopa, is rapidly hydrolyzed to Levodopa and ethanol by nonspecific esterases in the gastrointestinal tract. Etilevodopa hydrochloride is used for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Levodopa is the direct precursor of dopamine and is a suitable proagent as it facilitates CNS penetration and delivers dopamine .
Hemicholinium 3 is a competitive inhibitor of the high affinity choline transporter (HACU) with a Ki value of 25 nM. Hemicholinium 3, a neuromuscular blocking agent which inhibits the synthesis and the release of acetylcholine (ACh) . Hemicholinium 3 inhibits the Epibatidine-evoked contraction and [ 3H]acetylcholine release with IC50s of 897 nM and 693 nM, respectively .
1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe. 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene crosses the cell membrane and is cleaved by cytosolic esterases to the fluorescent pH indicator 2,3-dicyano-hydroquinone (DCH). 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene can be used to monitor intracellular pH .
Acetylxylan esterases (AXEs) belongs to carbohydrate esterase family 4 (CE4). Acetylxylan esterases catalyzes the deacetylation of acetylated carbohydrates .
VU0467485 (AZ13713945) is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (M4) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). VU0467485 (AZ13713945) potentiates activity of ACh at M4 with EC50s of 26.6 nM and 78.8 nM at rat and human M4 receptors, respectively. VU0467485 (AZ13713945) shows selectivity for M4 over human and rat M1/2/3/5. VU0467485 (AZ13713945) displays moderate to high CNS penetration. VU0467485 (AZ13713945) has antipsychotic-like activity .
Thiochrome, a natural oxidation product and metabolite of thiamine, is a selective M4 muscarinic receptor of acetylcholine (ACh) affinity enhancer. Thiochrome has neutral cooperativity with ACh at M1 to M3 receptors .
Acetylcholine bromide is an organic choline salt compound commonly used in neurophysiology and pharmacology experiments. It plays an important role in the nervous system, acting as a neurotransmitter that transmits signals and regulates many important physiological functions. Due to its special biological activity, Acetylcholine bromide is widely used in the study of neurotransmitters, nerve damage and muscle movement.
SSR180711 hydrochloride is an orally active, selective and reversible α7 acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (n-AChRs) partial agonist. SSR180711 hydrochloride can act on rat α7 n-AChR (Ki=22 nM; IC50=30 nM) and human α7 n-AChR (Ki=14 nM; IC50=18 nM). SSR180711 hydrochloride increases glutamatergic neurotransmission, ACh release and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus .
Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) is a potent amyloid β (Aβ) inhibitor. Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) increases the expression of acetylcholine (ACh) levels, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and ChAT gene induced by Aβ (1-42). Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) decreases in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity and AChE gene expression induced by Aβ (1-42). Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) increases muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression and muscarinic M1 receptor binding activity. Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) can be used for Alzheimer's disease research .
DDO-02005 is a potent Kv1.5 potassium channel inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.72 μM. DDO-02005 has good anti-atrial fibrillation (AF) effect in CaCl2-ACh AF rats model and effective anti-arrhythmic activity caused by aconitine .
DDO-02005 (free base) is a potent Kv1.5 potassium channel inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.72 μM. DDO-02005 (free base) has good anti-atrial fibrillation (AF) effect in CaCl2-ACh AF rats model and effective anti-arrhythmic activity caused by aconitine .
Cytidine 5′-diphosphoethanolamine is an intermediate compound in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine. Cytidine 5′-diphosphoethanolamine is a stimulant of Ach synthesis .
Dipivefrin hydrochloride (Dipivefrine hydrochloride) is an antiglaucoma proagent that is hydrolyzed to the active compound, epinephrine, by esterases in the cornea .
SN-38-CM2 is a split esterase, and shows >95% conversion to SN-38 within 5 min in vitro. SN-38-CM2 induces protein-protein interactions (PPI)-dependent esterase to mediate cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells .
Enocyanin is an anthocyanin extracted from grapes. Enocyanin shows inhibitory effect on the leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and esterase activity .
Dipivefrin-d6 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Dipivefrin (hydrochloride). Dipivefrin hydrochloride (Dipivefrine hydrochloride) is an antiglaucoma proagent that is hydrolyzed to the active compound, epinephrine, by esterases in the cornea[1][2].
R-(+)-Cotinine ((+)-Cotinine), a Nicotine metabolite, lacks significant activity across a wide range of pharmacological targets. R-(+)-Cotinine can enhance the Ach-evoked current in human α7 nAChRs .
Pirmenol is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Pirmenol inhibits IK.ACh (IC50: 0.1 μM) by blocking mAchR. Pirmenol can be used in the research of cardiovascular disease, such as atrial fibrillation .
PSB-1115 is a selective A2BAdenosine Receptor antagonist. PSB-1115 inhibits the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced contraction inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) .
Clostripain (Clostridiopeptidase B) is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from Clostridium histolyticum with esterase, amidase and protease activities and is a highly specific carboxypeptide targeting arginine key protease .
Fura-5F AM is a membrane-permeant fluorescent calcium indicator. Upon entering the cell, this probe is hydrolyzed by cytosilic esterases and trapped as the active chelator.
Fura-4F AM is a cell-permeant fluorescent calcium indicator. Upon entering the cell, this probe is hydrolyzed by cytosilic esterases and trapped as the active chelator.
Pirmenol ((±)-Pirmenol) hydrochloride is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Pirmenol hydrochloride inhibits IK.ACh (IC50: 0.1 μM) by blocking mAchR. Pirmenol hydrochloride can be used in the research of cardiovascular disease, such as atrial fibrillation .
Dipivefrin (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dipivefrin (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dipivefrin hydrochloride (Dipivefrine hydrochloride) is an antiglaucoma proagent that is hydrolyzed to the active compound, epinephrine, by esterases in the cornea .
4-Nitrophenyl stearate, which is an ester formed by the condensation of stearic acid and 4-nitrophenol, is commonly used as a substrate for enzymatic assays, where the hydrolysis of ester bonds by esterase and lipase can be measured by absorbance or ratio In addition, 4-Nitrophenyl stearate has been used as a model compound to study the enzymatic activity and selectivity of lipases and esterases from various sources. The long hydrophobic tail of the molecule makes it suitable for use in lipophilic Good solubility in the environment makes it a useful probe for studying lipid metabolism.
[D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin, an opioid peptide, is a potent opioid agonist. [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin inhibits ACh-induced and suckling-induced oxytocin (OT) release .
Roxatidine Acetate Hydrochloride is a potent, selective, competitive and orally active histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Roxatidine Acetate Hydrochloride has antisecretory potency against gastric acid secretion. Roxatidine Acetate Hydrochloride can also suppress inflammatory responses and can be used for gastric and duodenal ulcers research. Roxatidine Acetate Hydrochloride has antitumor activity .
DDAO is a promising near-infrared (NIR) red fluorescent probewith tunable excitation wavelength (600-650nm) and longemission wavelength(λem=656nm). DDAO can de desiged for detection of the activities of different enzymes such asβ-galactosidase,sulfatase, proteinphosphatase2A,carboxylesterase 2, humanalbumin andesterases .
Gemcitabine elaidate (CP-4126) is lipophilic pro-agent of Gemcitabine. Gemcitabine elaidate is converted to Gemcitabine by esterases in order to be phosphorylated. Gemcitabine elaidate exhibits anti-tumor activity .
Gemcitabine elaidate (CP-4126) hydrochloride is lipophilic pro-agent of Gemcitabine. Gemcitabine elaidate hydrochloride is converted to Gemcitabine by esterases in order to be phosphorylated. Gemcitabine elaidate hydrochloride exhibits anti-tumor activity .
Calcium Green 1AM is a cell-permeant fluorescent calcium indicator (Excitation 506 nm; Emission 531 nm). Calcium Green 1AM is converted to the fluorescent calcium indicator by intracellular esterases .
VU0467154 is a positive allosteric modulator of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), potentiating the response to ACh with pEC50s of 7.75, 6.2 and 6 for rat, human and cynomolgus monkey M4 receptor, respectively.
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, accumulates in the parenchyma cells of the cotyledons. Phytohemagglutinin is a T-cell activator. Stimulation of human mononuclear leukocytes by Phytohemagglutinin induces the expression of ChAT mRNA, and potentiated ACh synthesis .
J 104129 fumarate is a selective and orally active muscarinic M3 antagonist with Ki values of 4.2 nM and 490 nM for M3 and M2, respectively. J 104129 fumarate antagonized ACh-induced bronchoconstriction. J 104129 fumarate has the potential for the research of obstructive airway disease .
Aripiprazole lauroxil, an N-acyloxymethyl proagent of aripiprazole, is a Long-acting injectable (LAI) typical antipsychotic for schizophrenia. Aripiprazole lauroxil is cleaved by body’s enzyme esterase to N-hydroxymethyl aripiprazole (plus lauric acid) and then to aripiprazole (plus formaldehyde), no toxicity.
DAF-FM DA (Diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate) is a fluorescent probe for the detection and bioimaging of nitric oxide (NO). DAF-FM DA spontaneously crosses the plasma membrane and is subsequently cleaved by esterases to generate intracellular DAF-FM (Ex/Em=495/515 nm) .
VU 0365114 is a selective mAChR M5 positive allosteric modulator, with an EC50 of 2.7 μM, and >30 μM for M1, M2, M3 and M4 receptors. VU 0365114 increases insulin secretion stimulated by ACh in human β-cells .
Xanthoplanine, isolated from theroot of Xylopia parviflora, fully inhibits the EC50ACh responses of both alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nACh receptors with estimated IC50 values of 9 μM (alpha7) and 5 μM (alpha4beta2) .
(S)-VQW-765 ((S)-AQW-051) is an orally active, selective and effective α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) partial agonist. (S)-VQW-765 has potential applications in cognitive disorders related to neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or schizophrenia .
NS9283 is a positive positive allosteric modulator of (α4)3(β2)2 nicotinic ACh receptors. NS9283 can be used in a series of neurological conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease .
Tefinostat (CHR-2845) is a monocyte/macrophage targeted histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Tefinostat can be cleaved into active acid CHR-2847 by the intracellular esterase human carboxylesterase-1 (hCE-1). Tefinostat can be used for the research of leukaemias .
Nocloprost, a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analog, is an orally active EP1- and EP3-receptor agonist. Nocloprost inhibits evoked [ 3H]ACh release. Nocloprost has gastroprotective and ulcer-healing properties. Nocloprost accelerates the healing of chronic gastric ulcerations and enhances mucosal growth in rats .
5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate is a chromogenic substrate for esterase with C8 activity. 5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate yields a blue precipitate when cleaved.
β-D-Galactose pentaacetate is a negative regulator of insulin with plasma membrane penetrating ability and can be hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases. β-D-Galactose pentaacetate inhibits leucine-induced insulin release in Wistar rat islets, potentially preventing excessive insulin release in pathological conditions .
Itopride (HSR803) hydrochloride is a potent dopamine-2 antagonist and an acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Itopride hydrochloride enhances gastric motility through both antidopaminergic and anti-acetylcholinesterasic actions, can be used as a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent. Itopride can be used for researching gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) .
Ebelactone A is a mycolic acid β-lactone, which exhibits inhibitory activity for esterase, lipase, fMet aminopeptidase (fMet AP) and PNBase, with IC50s of 56, 3, 8 and 7.5 μM, respectively . Ebelactone A inhibits cutinase, exhibits plants protective potency against Erysiphe graminis .
5,5'-Dinitro BAPTA AM is a membrane-permeant, high-affinity calcium chelator, it can be used for investigation of the role of cytosolic Ca 2+. 5,5'-Dinitro BAPTA AM can be loaded by incubation into live cells, and is cleaved by cytosolic esterases to liberate the active tetra-carboxylate ligand .
TAOA AM Ester trimethyl lock is a high-affinity fluorescent prodrug-like inhibitor of the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT). It can penetrate the cell membrane and be activated by hydrolysis by endogenous cell esterases to form active EAAT inhibitors. TAOA AM Ester trimethyl lock can be used to study neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death .
Latanoprost (PHXA41) is a prostaglandin F2α analogue and can be used for glaucoma research. Latanoprost can effectively pass through cornea and be hydrolyzed by esterase to latanoprost acid. latanoprost acid is an F-prostaglandin (FP) receptor agonist, and can effectively reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through uvea .
Itopride (HSR803 free base) is a potent and orally active dopamine-2 antagonist and an acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Itopride enhances gastric motility through both antidopaminergic and anti-acetylcholinesterasic actions, can be used as a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent. Itopride can be used for researching gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) .
DDAO phosphate diammonium is a fluorescent phosphatase substrate. DDAO phosphate diammonium has tunable excitation wavelength (600-650nm) and long emission wavelength (λem=656nm). DDAO phosphate diammonium can be used to detect the activity of different enzymes such as β-galactosidase, sulfatase, protein phosphatase 2A, carboxylesterase 2, human albumin and esterase.
The Boehringer Mannheim cholesterol esterase/cholesterol oxidase/peroxidase/3,4-dichlorophenol kinetic reagent was modified by the inclusion of TBHBA (2,4,6-Tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid) which reacts with hydrogen peroxide and 4-aminophenazone to produce a quinone-imine dye with a greater molar absorptivity than that produced with phenol.
Polygalacic acid, is a triterpene, isolated from the root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Polygalacic acid inhibits MMP expression. Polygalacic acid may have a therapeutic effect in Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment .
Polygalacic acid exerts a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, PA improves cholinergic system reactivity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increasing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and elevating levels of acetylcholine (Ach) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex .
Acetylcholinesterase, Fly head (ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7) is a cholinergic enzyme mainly found in neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic type chemical synapses used in biochemical research. Acetylcholinesterase, Fly head catalyzes the breakdown or hydrolysis of acetylcholine and some other choline esters that act as neurotransmitters into acetate and choline. Acetylcholinesterase, Fly head's main role is to terminate neuronal transmission and signaling between synapses to prevent ACh spread and activation of nearby receptors .
Atropine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Atropine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
Prucalopride succinate is an orally active, selective and specific 5-HT 4 receptor agonist (high affinity), with pKis of 8.6 and 8.1 for human 5-HT4a/4b receptors, respectively. Prucalopride succinate improves intestinal motility by promoting regeneration of the intestinal nervous system in rats. Prucalopride succinate also shows anticancer activity by blocking of the PI3K/AKT/mTor signaling pathway. Prucalopride succinate can be used in studies of chronic constipation, pseudo-intestinal obstruction and cancer .
Fluo-3 AM is a fluorecent Ca 2+ chelator, with high affinity for calcium. Fluo-3 AM can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence .
Talniflumate (BA 7602-06) is the proagent of Niflumic acid (HY-B0493), exerting its activity in the body through conversion to niflumic acid by esterase . Talniflumate is an orally active Ca 2+-activated Cl - channel (CaCC) blocker. Talniflumate can be used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent in cystic fibrosis mouse model of distal intestinal obstructive syndrome .
Fura-FF AM is a cell-permeable acetoxymethyl ester of fura-FF, a dluorescent calcium indicator. Fura-FF AM is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to release fura-FF in cells. Fura-FF is a difluorinated derivative of the calcium indicator fura-2. Compared to fura-2, fura-FF has a low affinity for calcium and is suitable for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium.
Quin-2AM is a fluorecent Ca 2+ chelator, with high affinity for calcium. Quin-2AM can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence .
Mag-Fluo-4 AM is a fluorecent Ca 2+ chelator, with high affinity for calcium. Mag-Fluo-4 AM can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence .
Itopride (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Itopride (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Itopride (HSR803) hydrochloride is a potent dopamine-2 antagonist and an acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Itopride hydrochloride enhances gastric motility through both antidopaminergic and anti-acetylcholinesterasic actions, can be used as a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent. Itopride can be used for researching gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) .
5(6)-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes .
EDTA-AM (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetoxymethyl ester) is the membrane-permeant form of the metal chelator EDTA (HY-Y0682). Live cells passively load EDTA-AM by incubating with EDTA-AM. Once internalized, cytoplasmic esterase decomposes AM esters, releasing the active ligand EDTA, which isolates metal ions within the cell. EDTA-AM induces an arrest of mitotic progression and chromosome decondensation .
Cycrimine is an orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) M1 antagonist, reduces the acetylcholine levels in parkinson model. Cycrimine shows antispasmodic activity, can be used in studies of behavioral and mental disorder .
Robalzotan hydrochloride (NAD-299 hydrochloride) is a potent and selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) inhibitor. Robalzotan hydrochloride increases the firing rate of 5-HT cells. Robalzotan hydrochloride induces 5-HT1A receptor occupancy. Robalzotan hydrochloride has the potential for the research of a cholinergic deficit in the central -nervous system .
Calcein AM, has cell membrane permeability and can easily enter the cell. Calcein AM has no fluorescence and is hydrolyzed by endogenous esterase in the cell to produce polar molecule Calcein (Calcein), which has strong negative charge and cannot permeate the cell membrane. Calcein can emit strong green fluorescence, so it is often used with Propidium Iodide for cell viability/virulence detection, excitation/emission wavelength: 494/515 nm .
Y-29794 tosylate is a selective, orally active inhibitor for non-peptide prolyl endopeptidase (PPCE), with an IC50 of 3 nM and a Ki of 0.95 nM. Y-29794 tosylate enhances the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the release of ACh in the rat hippocampus, exhibits potential neuroprotective efficacy. Y-29794 tosylate exhibits anticancer activity through inhibition of the IRS1-AKT-mTORC1 pathway. Y-29794 tosylate penetrates the brain-blood barrier (BBB) .
4-Nitrophenyl butyrate consists of butyric acid chains esterified with 4-nitrophenol groups, thus giving it a yellow color. This compound is commonly used as a substrate in enzyme assays to measure esterase and lipase activity. When these enzymes cleave the ester bond, the nitrophenol group is released and the color changes from yellow to orange. Thus, the rate of color change can be used to determine enzyme activity. In addition, 4-Nitrophenyl butyrate can also be used as organic synthesis reagent and dye intermediate.
nAChR agonist CMPI hydrochloride is a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of nAChR containing a α4:α4 subunit interface. nAChR agonist CMPI hydrochloride enhances the response of (α4)3(β2)2 nAChR to ACh (10 µM) with an EC50 of 0.26 µM. nAChR agonist CMPI hydrochloride has potential for the research of nicotine dependence and many neuropsychiatric conditions associated with decreased brain cholinergic activity .
ML169 (VU0405652) is a potent, selective and brain penetrant positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of M1 mAChR, with an EC50 of 1.38 µM. ML169 is a MLPCN probe and can be used for Alzheimer’s disease .
3-Bromocytisine (3-Br-cytisine) is a potent nACh receptors agonist, with IC50s are 0.28, 0.30 and 31.6 nM for hα4β4, hα4β2, and hα7-nACh, respectively. 3-Bromocytisine (3-Br-cytisine) shows different effects on high (HS) and low (LS) ACh sensitivity α4β2 nAChRs with EC50s are 8 and 50 nM, respectively .
HDAC6-IN-5 (compound 11b) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.025 μM. HDAC6-IN-5 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and AChE, with IC50 values of 3.0 and 0.72 μM. HDAC6-IN-5 can enhance neurite outgrowth without significant neurotoxicity .
HDAC6-IN-6 (compound 6a) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.025 μM. HDAC6-IN-6 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and AChE, with IC50 values of 3.0 and 0.72 μM. HDAC6-IN-6 can enhance neurite outgrowth without significant neurotoxicity .
Calcium is an important part of the human body, usually in the form of calcium, a large number of bones and teeth of the human body, a small amount of blood and tissues.
MCE calcium ion detection probe can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence, in addition, Mag-indo-1/AM and Mag-Fluo-4 AM at a certain concentration (usually 5 mM) can effectively identify intracellular magnesium ions .
Calcium is an important part of the human body, usually in the form of calcium, a large number of bones and teeth of the human body, a small amount of blood and tissues.
MCE calcium ion detection probe can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence, in addition, Mag-indo-1/AM and Mag-Fluo-4 AM at a certain concentration (usually 5 mM) can effectively identify intracellular magnesium ions .
MK-6884 is a M4 muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with a Ki value of 0.19 nM. MK-6884 can be used for the research of the neurodegenerative diseases. MK-6884 can be conveniently radiolabeled with carbon-11 and as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent .
Fluorescein-CM2 is a fluorogenic molecule that can be used to rapidly screen esterase cut sites for protein-protein interaction-dependent (PPI-dependent) esterase activity in E. coli .
Green CMFDA is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe with Em of 514 nm and Ex of 485 nm and can be used as a cell tracer. Green CMFDA can be cleaved by non-specific esterases common in living cells, producing a fluorescent compound, fluorescein, visible using a fluorescent microscope .
5-CFDA-AM is a cell-permeable esterase substrate that can be used as an active probe to measure enzyme activity and cell membrane integrity. 5-CFDA-AM is electroneutral and can enter the cell at a lower concentration than CFDA, where it is hydrolysed by intracellular esterases to produce carboxyfluorescein. Carboxyfluorescein contains an additional negative charge and can be better retained in the cell .
5(6)-Carboxynaphthofluorescein diacetate is a fluorescent substrate for esterase assays that can be cleaved by intracellular esterases, producing red fluorescence to measure enzyme activity (Ex = 590 nm; Em = 645 nm) .
1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe. 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene crosses the cell membrane and is cleaved by cytosolic esterases to the fluorescent pH indicator 2,3-dicyano-hydroquinone (DCH). 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene can be used to monitor intracellular pH .
Fura-5F AM is a membrane-permeant fluorescent calcium indicator. Upon entering the cell, this probe is hydrolyzed by cytosilic esterases and trapped as the active chelator.
Fura-4F AM is a cell-permeant fluorescent calcium indicator. Upon entering the cell, this probe is hydrolyzed by cytosilic esterases and trapped as the active chelator.
DDAO is a promising near-infrared (NIR) red fluorescent probewith tunable excitation wavelength (600-650nm) and longemission wavelength(λem=656nm). DDAO can de desiged for detection of the activities of different enzymes such asβ-galactosidase,sulfatase, proteinphosphatase2A,carboxylesterase 2, humanalbumin andesterases .
Calcium Green 1AM is a cell-permeant fluorescent calcium indicator (Excitation 506 nm; Emission 531 nm). Calcium Green 1AM is converted to the fluorescent calcium indicator by intracellular esterases .
DAF-FM DA (Diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate) is a fluorescent probe for the detection and bioimaging of nitric oxide (NO). DAF-FM DA spontaneously crosses the plasma membrane and is subsequently cleaved by esterases to generate intracellular DAF-FM (Ex/Em=495/515 nm) .
5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate is a chromogenic substrate for esterase with C8 activity. 5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate yields a blue precipitate when cleaved.
DDAO phosphate diammonium is a fluorescent phosphatase substrate. DDAO phosphate diammonium has tunable excitation wavelength (600-650nm) and long emission wavelength (λem=656nm). DDAO phosphate diammonium can be used to detect the activity of different enzymes such as β-galactosidase, sulfatase, protein phosphatase 2A, carboxylesterase 2, human albumin and esterase.
Fluo-3 AM is a fluorecent Ca 2+ chelator, with high affinity for calcium. Fluo-3 AM can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence .
Fura-FF AM is a cell-permeable acetoxymethyl ester of fura-FF, a dluorescent calcium indicator. Fura-FF AM is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to release fura-FF in cells. Fura-FF is a difluorinated derivative of the calcium indicator fura-2. Compared to fura-2, fura-FF has a low affinity for calcium and is suitable for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium.
Quin-2AM is a fluorecent Ca 2+ chelator, with high affinity for calcium. Quin-2AM can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence .
Mag-Fluo-4 AM is a fluorecent Ca 2+ chelator, with high affinity for calcium. Mag-Fluo-4 AM can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence .
5(6)-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes .
EDTA-AM (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetoxymethyl ester) is the membrane-permeant form of the metal chelator EDTA (HY-Y0682). Live cells passively load EDTA-AM by incubating with EDTA-AM. Once internalized, cytoplasmic esterase decomposes AM esters, releasing the active ligand EDTA, which isolates metal ions within the cell. EDTA-AM induces an arrest of mitotic progression and chromosome decondensation .
Calcein AM, has cell membrane permeability and can easily enter the cell. Calcein AM has no fluorescence and is hydrolyzed by endogenous esterase in the cell to produce polar molecule Calcein (Calcein), which has strong negative charge and cannot permeate the cell membrane. Calcein can emit strong green fluorescence, so it is often used with Propidium Iodide for cell viability/virulence detection, excitation/emission wavelength: 494/515 nm .
Calcium is an important part of the human body, usually in the form of calcium, a large number of bones and teeth of the human body, a small amount of blood and tissues.
MCE calcium ion detection probe can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence, in addition, Mag-indo-1/AM and Mag-Fluo-4 AM at a certain concentration (usually 5 mM) can effectively identify intracellular magnesium ions .
Calcium is an important part of the human body, usually in the form of calcium, a large number of bones and teeth of the human body, a small amount of blood and tissues.
MCE calcium ion detection probe can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence, in addition, Mag-indo-1/AM and Mag-Fluo-4 AM at a certain concentration (usually 5 mM) can effectively identify intracellular magnesium ions .
Acetylcholine bromide is an organic choline salt compound commonly used in neurophysiology and pharmacology experiments. It plays an important role in the nervous system, acting as a neurotransmitter that transmits signals and regulates many important physiological functions. Due to its special biological activity, Acetylcholine bromide is widely used in the study of neurotransmitters, nerve damage and muscle movement.
Clostripain (Clostridiopeptidase B) is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from Clostridium histolyticum with esterase, amidase and protease activities and is a highly specific carboxypeptide targeting arginine key protease .
4-Nitrophenyl stearate, which is an ester formed by the condensation of stearic acid and 4-nitrophenol, is commonly used as a substrate for enzymatic assays, where the hydrolysis of ester bonds by esterase and lipase can be measured by absorbance or ratio In addition, 4-Nitrophenyl stearate has been used as a model compound to study the enzymatic activity and selectivity of lipases and esterases from various sources. The long hydrophobic tail of the molecule makes it suitable for use in lipophilic Good solubility in the environment makes it a useful probe for studying lipid metabolism.
β-D-Galactose pentaacetate is a negative regulator of insulin with plasma membrane penetrating ability and can be hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases. β-D-Galactose pentaacetate inhibits leucine-induced insulin release in Wistar rat islets, potentially preventing excessive insulin release in pathological conditions .
The Boehringer Mannheim cholesterol esterase/cholesterol oxidase/peroxidase/3,4-dichlorophenol kinetic reagent was modified by the inclusion of TBHBA (2,4,6-Tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid) which reacts with hydrogen peroxide and 4-aminophenazone to produce a quinone-imine dye with a greater molar absorptivity than that produced with phenol.
4-Nitrophenyl butyrate consists of butyric acid chains esterified with 4-nitrophenol groups, thus giving it a yellow color. This compound is commonly used as a substrate in enzyme assays to measure esterase and lipase activity. When these enzymes cleave the ester bond, the nitrophenol group is released and the color changes from yellow to orange. Thus, the rate of color change can be used to determine enzyme activity. In addition, 4-Nitrophenyl butyrate can also be used as organic synthesis reagent and dye intermediate.
[D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin, an opioid peptide, is a potent opioid agonist. [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin inhibits ACh-induced and suckling-induced oxytocin (OT) release .
sPLA2-IIA Inhibitor is a cyclic pentapeptide analog of FLSYK (cyclic 2-Nal-Leu-Ser-2-Nal-Arg (c2)), that binds to hGIIA (human IIA phospholipase A2) and inhibits its hydrolytic ability. sPLA2 is a member of the esterase superfamily that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the ester bond at the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids, releasing free fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids .
Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) . Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro .
Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
Atropine (Tropine tropate) sulfate monohydrate is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine sulfate monohydrate inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine sulfate monohydrate can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
Atropine (Tropine tropate) sulfate is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine sulfate inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine sulfate can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) is a potent amyloid β (Aβ) inhibitor. Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) increases the expression of acetylcholine (ACh) levels, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and ChAT gene induced by Aβ (1-42). Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) decreases in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity and AChE gene expression induced by Aβ (1-42). Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) increases muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression and muscarinic M1 receptor binding activity. Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) can be used for Alzheimer's disease research .
Dipivefrin hydrochloride (Dipivefrine hydrochloride) is an antiglaucoma proagent that is hydrolyzed to the active compound, epinephrine, by esterases in the cornea .
Enocyanin is an anthocyanin extracted from grapes. Enocyanin shows inhibitory effect on the leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and esterase activity .
Dipivefrin (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dipivefrin (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dipivefrin hydrochloride (Dipivefrine hydrochloride) is an antiglaucoma proagent that is hydrolyzed to the active compound, epinephrine, by esterases in the cornea .
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, accumulates in the parenchyma cells of the cotyledons. Phytohemagglutinin is a T-cell activator. Stimulation of human mononuclear leukocytes by Phytohemagglutinin induces the expression of ChAT mRNA, and potentiated ACh synthesis .
Xanthoplanine, isolated from theroot of Xylopia parviflora, fully inhibits the EC50ACh responses of both alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nACh receptors with estimated IC50 values of 9 μM (alpha7) and 5 μM (alpha4beta2) .
Ebelactone A is a mycolic acid β-lactone, which exhibits inhibitory activity for esterase, lipase, fMet aminopeptidase (fMet AP) and PNBase, with IC50s of 56, 3, 8 and 7.5 μM, respectively . Ebelactone A inhibits cutinase, exhibits plants protective potency against Erysiphe graminis .
Polygalacic acid, is a triterpene, isolated from the root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Polygalacic acid inhibits MMP expression. Polygalacic acid may have a therapeutic effect in Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment .
Polygalacic acid exerts a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, PA improves cholinergic system reactivity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increasing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and elevating levels of acetylcholine (Ach) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex .
Atropine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Atropine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia .
BCHE Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is a recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) produced in HEK293 cells, with His tag. BuChE, one of cholinesterases, is a serine hydrolase closely related to acetylcholinesterase.
The HCoV-HKU1 hemagglutinin esterase has a short spike and is critical for viral attachment and initiation of infection. This multifunctional protein exhibits receptor binding and destructive activity, specifically mediating de-O-acetylation of possible viral receptor determinants. HCoV-HKU1 Hemagglutinin esterase Protein, HCoV-HKU1 (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived HCoV-HKU1 Hemagglutinin esterase protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of HCoV-HKU1 Hemagglutinin esterase Protein, HCoV-HKU1 (Cell-Free, His) is 374 a.a., with molecular weight of 45.9 kDa.
HCoV-OC43 is a type of coronavirus 1 that infects humans and cattle. HCoV-OC43 forms a spiky structural protein on the surface of the virus, contains receptor binding and receptor destruction activities, and mediates the deacetylation of n-acetyl-4-o-acetylneuraminic acid. HCoV-OC43 Hemagglutinin esterase Protein (HEK293, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived HCoV-OC43 Hemagglutinin esterase protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of HCoV-OC43 Hemagglutinin esterase Protein (HEK293, His) is 378 a.a., with molecular weight of ~44 KDa.
Carboxylesterase 1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is an approximately 60.0 kDa human carboxylesterase 1 protein with a His-flag. Human Carboxylesterase 1 is the key liver microsomal enzyme that takes part in detoxification and metabolism.
Cephalosporin C deacetylase Protein, an esterase, selectively removes acetyl groups from substrates like acetylated xylose and cephalosporin C. Its catalytic activity excludes polymeric acetylated xylan and amide linkages, highlighting its nuanced, targeted deacetylation function. Cephalosporin C deacetylase Protein, Bacillus subtilis is the recombinant Cephalosporin C deacetylase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of Cephalosporin C deacetylase Protein, Bacillus subtilis is 318 a.a., .
Butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) Protein, an esterase with broad substrate specificity, crucially inactivates acetylcholine, maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis. Beyond acetylcholine metabolism, BCHE degrades neurotoxic organophosphates, highlighting its detoxification role. The enzyme's versatility underscores its critical function in safeguarding against harmful effects of neurotoxic compounds. Butyrylcholinesterase/BCHE Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Butyrylcholinesterase/BCHE protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Butyrylcholinesterase/BCHE Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 576 a.a., with molecular weight of 60-70 kDa.
AADAC, Human (His-SUMO) is an esterase functioning at the endoplasmic reticulum which involved in the hydrolysis of various drugs. AADAC, Human overexpression alters multiple vascular smooth muscle cells properties and decreases murine cardiovascular disease.
PLA2G7 Protein is a lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 involved in phospholipid catabolism during inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. It is also a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of platelet-activating factor to biologically inactive products. PLA2G7 can hydrolyze phospholipids with long fatty acyl chains, only if they carry oxidized functional groups. PLA2G7 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PLA2G7 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G7 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 420 a.a., with molecular weight of ~57 kDa.
C1s/Complement component C1s, a serine protease and B chain, forms C1 with C1q and C1r, initiating the classical complement pathway. Activated by C1r, C1s then activates downstream components C2 and C4, crucially driving the complement system cascade. C1s/Complement component C1s Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived C1s/Complement component C1s protein, expressed by HEK293, with C-His labeled tag. The total length of C1s/Complement component C1s Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 673 a.a., with molecular weight of 55-60 kDa (light chain), 32-35 kDa (heavy chain).
CES3/CES1D Protein, a major lipase in white adipose tissue, plays a crucial role in xenobiotic and natural substrate metabolism. It hydrolyzes triacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols, showing a preference for the latter, with susceptibility increasing as the acyl chain length decreases. Additionally, CES3/CES1D catalyzes the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters and hydrolyzes retinyl esters. CES3/CES1D Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CES3/CES1D protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of CES3/CES1D Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 543 a.a., with molecular weight of 58-70 kDa.
The carboxylesterase 1C protein is essential for xenobiotic detoxification and ester/amide prodrug activation, as well as participating in extracellular metabolism. Its multifunctional effects include processing of pulmonary surfactant. Carboxylesterase 1C Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Carboxylesterase 1C protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Carboxylesterase 1C Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is 532 a.a., with molecular weight of ~60.6 kDa.
CES2, a hydrolase, demonstrates notable activity with palmitoylcarnitine and other substrates like p-nitrophenylacetate and alpha-naphthylacetate. Its versatile enzymatic capabilities extend to the hydrolysis of retinyl esters. CES2/carboxylesterase 2 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CES2/carboxylesterase 2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of CES2/carboxylesterase 2 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 557 a.a., with molecular weight of 52-60 KDa.
C1s-A subcomponent protein, a serine protease, is pivotal in the classical complement system pathway. Partnering with C1q and C1r, it forms C1, initiating complement activation. Activated by C1r, C1s can subsequently trigger downstream components C2 and C4, influencing the complement system cascade. C1s-A subcomponent Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived C1s-A subcomponent protein, expressed by HEK293, with C-His labeled tag. The total length of C1s-A subcomponent Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 673 a.a., with molecular weight of ~76.6 kDa.
The CES2 protein plays a crucial role in detoxifying xenobiotics and activating ester and amide prodrugs. It has high catalytic efficiency, especially in the hydrolysis of substances such as cocaine, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, heroin and 6-monoacetylmorphine. CES2/carboxylesterase 2 Protein, Human (HEK293,C-His) is the recombinant human-derived CES2/carboxylesterase 2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of CES2/carboxylesterase 2 Protein, Human (HEK293,C-His) is 533 a.a., with molecular weight of ~60.4 KDa.
CES2 Protein plays a crucial role in detoxifying xenobiotics and activating ester and amide prodrugs. It exhibits high catalytic efficiency, particularly in the hydrolysis of substances like cocaine, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, heroin, and 6-monoacetylmorphine. Additionally, CES2 participates in the hydrolysis of aspirin, substrates with large alcohol groups and small acyl groups, as well as endogenous lipids such as triacylglycerol. The protein is involved in the conversion of monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol and contributes to the hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and prostaglandins. CES2/carboxylesterase 2 Protein, Human (HEK293,C-His,Solution) is the recombinant human-derived CES2/carboxylesterase 2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CES2/carboxylesterase 2 Protein, Human (HEK293,C-His,Solution) is 533 a.a., with molecular weight of ~50-70 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 alpha (IIIb) Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Avi) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 alpha, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Avi, C-His labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 alpha (IIIb) Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Avi) is 355 a.a., with molecular weight of 65-75 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 beta (IIIb) Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Avi) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 beta, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Avi, C-His labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 beta (IIIb) Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Avi) is 249 a.a., with molecular weight of 40-55 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 alpha (IIIc) Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Avi) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 alpha, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Avi, C-His labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 alpha (IIIc) Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Avi) is 353 a.a., with molecular weight of 65-75 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 beta (IIIc) Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Avi) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 beta, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Avi, C-His labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 beta (IIIc) Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Avi) is 251 a.a., with molecular weight of 50-60 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 alpha (IIIb) Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 alpha, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Avi, C-His labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 alpha (IIIb) Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is 355 a.a., with molecular weight of 65-75 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 beta (IIIb) Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 beta, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Avi, C-His labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 beta (IIIb) Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is 249 a.a., with molecular weight of 40-55 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 alpha IIIc Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 alpha IIIc protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Avi, C-His labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 alpha IIIc Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is 353 a.a., with molecular weight of 65-75 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 beta IIIc Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 beta IIIc protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Avi, C-His labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 beta IIIc Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is 251 a.a., with molecular weight of 50-60 kDa.
Serpin G1 Protein, also called C1-inhibitor, regulates complement activation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin generation. It forms inactive complexes with C1r or C1s proteases, controlling C1 complex activation. Serpin G1 efficiently inhibits FXIIa and possibly chymotrypsin and kallikrein, and interacts with MASP1. Its inhibitory effects maintain pathway balance, preventing excessive activation and ensuring proper physiological function. Serpin G1 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Serpin G1 protein, expressed by HEK293, with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Serpin G1 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 485 a.a., with molecular weight of 92-95 kDa.
The PLA2G7 protein is a lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 that plays a key role in phospholipid catabolism during inflammation and oxidative stress responses. It acts at the lipid-water interface and hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, with particular preference for short-chain fatty acyl groups. PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (Baculovirus, N-His, C-Myc) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G7 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with C-Myc, N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (Baculovirus, N-His, C-Myc) is 419 a.a., with molecular weight of 50.7 kDa.
The PLA2G7 protein is a lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 that plays a key role in phospholipid catabolism during inflammation and oxidative stress responses. It acts at the lipid-water interface and hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, with particular preference for short-chain fatty acyl groups. PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, N-His, C-Myc) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G7 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Myc, N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, N-His, C-Myc) is 419 a.a., with molecular weight of 51.9 kDa.
The IL-17A protein has important heterodimerization and homodimerization activities and is involved in a variety of processes, including responses to glucocorticoid stimulation and the regulation of cell death and transcription. IL-17A is present in the cytoplasm and extracellular space and has been implicated in diseases such as pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, renal disease, and periodontal disease, and may serve as a biomarker. IL-17A Protein, Rat (CHO) is the recombinant rat-derived IL-17A protein, expressed by CHO , with tag free. The total length of IL-17A Protein, Rat (CHO) is 133 a.a., with molecular weight of 13-22 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 Protein, Human (HEK293, hFc) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 Protein, Human (HEK293, hFc) is 353 a.a., with molecular weight of ~90 kDa.
The FGFR-3 protein is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for fibroblast growth factor that is critical for cellular processes, particularly in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and inner ear development. Its effects span normal skeletal development and postnatal bone mineralization. FGFR-3 Protein, Human (His-B2M) is the recombinant human-derived FGFR-3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-B2M labeled tag. The total length of FGFR-3 Protein, Human (His-B2M) is 410 a.a., with molecular weight of ~59.4 kDa.
Acetylcholine-d9 (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Acetylcholine chloride. Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)[1][2]. Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro[5].
Acetylcholine-d4 (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Acetylcholine chloride. Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)[1][2]. Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro[5].
Dipivefrin-d6 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Dipivefrin (hydrochloride). Dipivefrin hydrochloride (Dipivefrine hydrochloride) is an antiglaucoma proagent that is hydrolyzed to the active compound, epinephrine, by esterases in the cornea[1][2].
IL17A Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 15 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-IL17A polyclonal antibody. IL17A Antibody can be used for: WB, ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF expriments in mouse, rat, background without labeling.
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